SyncValsverifier → artifact → classifier → verdict
SyncVals · Trajectory

qat-int2-cifar

claude-code claude-opus-4-8 ✓ resolved GOOD_SUCCESS ↑ View task
Solved from the instruction alone, tests/ and solution/ were withheld from the agent's workspace and restored only for grading.
Reward = tests/test.sh exit code (0 → resolved); the classification below is post-hoc and cannot change it.
Classification , post-hoc; cannot change the reward
GOOD_SUCCESSLegitimate solve, implements the asked-for behavior; tests verify real functionality.
SubtypeLegitimate Solution - Complex Framework Implementation
EvidenceTest output shows: '278/278 cases passed (all milestones pass: True)', 'FINAL METRIC: held-out INT2 top-1 = 0.846 >= threshold 0.7', 'REWARD = 1'. All component conformance milestones (autograd_grads, quant_grads, nn_forward, optim, integration) passed. Bit-width audit confirmed INT-2 quantization. Held-out validation on sealed test set achieved 84.6% top-1 accuracy, exceeding the 70% threshold requirement.
Root causeThe agent successfully implemented a complete numpy-only deep-learning framework with reverse-mode autodiff, complex ops (conv2d/batchnorm/pooling with correct backward passes), LSQ fake-quantization with straight-through estimator, and trained an INT-2 CNN that generalizes to held-out data. The original in-sandbox OOM was an infrastructure constraint (481MB limit), not a code failure; local re-verification with proper resources confirmed all components work correctly.
RecommendationN/A - task is fine
Trajectory
Tool-by-tool agent trajectory
271 tool calls · 3 tool types · 311 steps
Agent session started, model: claude-opus-4-8 · 29 tools available · cwd: /app
I'll start by exploring the environment to understand the structure and stubs.

Explore app structure

shell
ls -la && echo "---SUBMISSION---" && ls -la submission/ && echo "---DATA---" && ls -la data/ && echo "---RUNCHECKS head---" && head -50 run_checks.py
output
total 117
drwxr-xr-x  4 user user  4096 Jun 30 22:11 .
drwxr-xr-x 21 root root  4096 Jun 30 22:11 ..
-rw-r--r--  1 user user 15364 Jun 30 22:11 PROMPT.txt
-rw-r--r--  1 user user     5 Jun 30 22:11 agent.pid
-rw-r--r--  1 user user     0 Jun 30 22:11 agent.stderr
-rw-r--r--  1 user user  4596 Jun 30 22:11 agent_trajectory.jsonl
drwxr-xr-x  2 user user    60 Jun 30 22:11 data
-rw-r--r--  1 user user     0 Jun 30 22:11 run.log
-rwxr-xr-x  1 user user 76773 Jun 30 10:02 run_checks.py
drwxr-xr-x  2 user user   128 Jun 30 22:11 submission
-rwxr-xr-x  1 user user   804 Jun 30 10:02 test.sh
-rwxr-xr-x  1 user user   629 Jun 30 10:02 timer.sh
---SUBMISSION---
total 112
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user   128 Jun 30 22:11 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 user user  4096 Jun 30 22:11 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user 50472 Jun 30 10:02 autograd.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  1661 Jun 30 10:02 data.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user 33295 Jun 30 10:02 nn.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user 11509 Jun 30 10:02 optim.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  2827 Jun 30 10:02 train.py
---DATA---
total 1900
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user      60 Jun 30 22:11 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 user user    4096 Jun 30 22:11 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user 1940490 Jun 30 10:02 train.npz
---RUNCHECKS head---
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""PUBLIC component check runner for the from-scratch numpy QAT framework.

Run this AS OFTEN AS YOU LIKE while you implement, to get a per-check progress signal:

    python3 /app/run_checks.py                       # check the framework in /app/submission
    python3 /app
…[truncated 2703 chars]
This is a large task. Let me read all the stub files thoroughly, starting with autograd.py.

/app/submission/autograd.py

contents
1	"""Reverse-mode automatic differentiation over numpy arrays.
2	
3	YOU MUST IMPLEMENT EVERYTHING MARKED ``# TODO`` / ``raise NotImplementedError`` using numpy
4	ONLY. No torch/jax/tensorflow/autograd/etc. The grader's conformance suite (a) differentiates the
5	differentiable ops below with central finite differences and compares against YOUR analytic
6	backward, and (b) checks the LSQ ``fake_quant`` STE + scale gradient against the reference
7	definition, so every backward must be correct (a single wrong reduction / STE / Jacobian fails
8	the gradient checks and zeroes the reward).
9	
10	A ``Tensor`` wraps one ``numpy.ndarray`` (stored as ``float64`` in ``self.data``) and records the
11	op that produced it so ``.backward()`` can accumulate ``.grad`` into every leaf.
12	
13	CONTRACT (the grader builds its own reference against this exact API):
14	* ``Tensor(data, requires_grad=False)`` -- ``self.data`` is ``float64``; ``self.grad`` is None
15	  until backward, then a same-shape ``float64`` array. requires_grad leaves accumulate grad.
16	* Every op returns a NEW Tensor whose ``requires_grad`` is the OR of its differentiable inputs,
17	  and whose ``_backward`` closure does ``input._accum(local_grad)`` (so multiple paths add up).
18	* ``t.backward(grad=None)`` -- seeds ``grad`` (all-ones for a scalar) and walks the graph in
19	  reverse topological order, calling each node's ``_backward``. Repeated backward accumulates.
20	* BROADCASTING: binary ops broadcast like numpy; the ba
…[truncated 54775 chars]
Now let me read the other files.

/app/submission/nn.py

contents
1	"""QAT layers + a small INT2 CNN, built on YOUR autograd engine.
2	
3	Implement every ``# TODO`` forward (the parameters + ``named_params``/``buffers`` naming are
4	already wired for you; you compose the autograd ops). The grader checks each layer's forward
5	against its OWN reference AND finite-difference-checks the gradients that flow through your
6	autograd, so the composition must be exactly right.
7	
8	CHECKPOINT NAMING CONTRACT (the grader loads YOUR ``qat_model.npz`` into its own reference
9	QuantCNN by these exact keys/shapes -- do not rename):
10	  stem.conv.weight (W0,3,3,3) | stem.conv.wq.scale (1,) | stem.bn.gamma/.beta (W0,) | stem.aq.scale (1,)
11	  blocks.{i}.conv.weight (Cout,Cin,3,3) | blocks.{i}.conv.wq.scale (1,)
12	  blocks.{i}.bn.gamma/.beta (Cout,) | blocks.{i}.aq.scale (1,)
13	  head.weight (Cfeat,n_classes) | head.wq.scale (1,) | head.bias (n_classes,)
14	BN running stats are BUFFERS (saved alongside params, NOT trained by the optimizer, NOT audited):
15	  stem.bn.running_mean/.running_var (W0,) | blocks.{i}.bn.running_mean/.running_var (Cout,)
16	
17	Quantization: every conv/head WEIGHT is LSQ-quantized to a signed 2-bit grid {-2,-1,0,1} via a
18	per-tensor learnable step before use; every block activation (post-relu) is LSQ-quantized to an
19	unsigned 2-bit grid {0,1,2,3}. Conv = 3x3 same-padding cross-correlation. Linear head = x@weight+bias.
20	"""
21	from __future__ import annotations
22	
23	from typing import Dict, List
24	
25	import numpy as n
…[truncated 35167 chars]
Now let me read optim.py, data.py, train.py.

/app/submission/optim.py

contents
1	"""Optimizers over autograd ``Tensor`` parameters.
2	
3	Implement the ``# TODO`` update math. Both optimizers update ``param.data`` IN PLACE using
4	``param.grad``. The grader runs one (and several) steps and compares your updated params against
5	its reference within a tight tolerance, so the math must be exact.
6	
7	SGD (with momentum ``mu`` and coupled weight decay ``wd``):
8	    g = grad + wd * param;  v = mu * v + g;  param -= lr * v
9	
10	AdamW (DECOUPLED weight decay -- the decay is applied to the PARAM, not folded into the moments):
11	    m = b1*m + (1-b1)*g;  v = b2*v + (1-b2)*g^2
12	    mhat = m / (1 - b1^t);  vhat = v / (1 - b2^t)        # t = 1-based step count
13	    param -= lr * ( mhat / (sqrt(vhat) + eps) + wd * param )
14	
15	PARAM GROUPS: both optimizers must accept EITHER a flat param list OR a list of
16	``{"params": [...], "weight_decay": wd}`` dicts, so weight decay can be applied to SOME params
17	and not others. This matters for low-bit LSQ QAT: the per-tensor quantizer ``scale`` params,
18	BatchNorm gamma/beta, and biases must be EXCLUDED from weight decay. ``_normalize_groups`` and
19	``split_decay_params`` are provided; honour the per-group weight decay in ``step``.
20	"""
21	from __future__ import annotations
22	
23	import math
24	
25	from typing import Dict, List
26	
27	import numpy as np
28	
29	from autograd import Tensor
30	
31	
32	def split_decay_params(model) -> Dict[str, List[Tensor]]:
33	    """Partition a model's named params into weight
…[truncated 11129 chars]

/app/submission/data.py

contents
1	"""Image data loading + normalization + batching.
2	
3	The dataset is a procedurally-generated CIFAR-style set: ``X`` is ``uint8`` (N,3,S,S) in [0,255],
4	``y`` is the integer class label in [0, n_classes). The shipped training split is at
5	``/app/data/train.npz``; the SEALED held-out split is regenerated by the verifier (never shipped).
6	
7	Implement the ``# TODO`` bodies (numpy only). The verifier normalizes the held-out split with the
8	SAME transform, so match it exactly.
9	
10	Contract:
11	  load_npz(path) -> (X uint8 (N,3,S,S), y int64 (N,))       [provided]
12	  normalize(X)   -> float64: x = (X/255 - 0.5) / 0.25       [per-channel, the grader's transform]
13	  iter_minibatches(Xn, y, batch_size, rng, shuffle=True) -> yields (xb, yb)
14	"""
15	from __future__ import annotations
16	
17	from typing import Tuple
18	
19	import numpy as np
20	
21	NORM_MEAN = 0.5
22	NORM_STD = 0.25
23	
24	
25	def load_npz(path: str) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]:
26	    d = np.load(path)
27	    X = np.asarray(d["X"]).astype(np.uint8)
28	    y = np.asarray(d["y"]).astype(np.int64).reshape(-1)
29	    return X, y
30	
31	
32	def normalize(X: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
33	    """uint8 (N,3,S,S) -> float64, x = (X/255 - NORM_MEAN) / NORM_STD."""
34	    # TODO: cast to float, scale to [0,1], subtract NORM_MEAN, divide by NORM_STD.
35	    raise NotImplementedError("normalize")
36	
37	
38	def iter_minibatches(Xn: np.ndarray, y: np.ndarray, batch_size: int,
39	                     rng: np.rando
…[truncated 281 chars]

/app/submission/train.py

contents
1	"""Training entry point. Implement the QAT loop, train your INT2 CNN on /app/data/train.npz, and
2	SAVE the checkpoint to /app/submission/qat_model.npz (numpy .npz of the model state_dict: every
3	param + every BN running buffer, by the nn.QuantCNN naming contract).
4	
5	The grader (verify.py) will:
6	  (1) run the conformance suite over your autograd/nn/optim,
7	  (2) BIT-AUDIT every conv/head weight tensor in your checkpoint to <= 4 distinct float values,
8	  (3) load your weights into its OWN QuantCNN and score held-out top-1 on a SEALED split.
9	
10	So at SAVE time you must BAKE the quantized weights back into each ``weight`` tensor (replace it
11	with round(clip(w/s, -W_NEG, W_POS)) * s using the learned wq.scale) so the saved weights already
12	lie on the 2-bit grid and pass the audit. Reaching the top-1 floor at INT-2 needs a real recipe:
13	sensible LSQ STEP-SIZE INITIALIZATION (a default scale of 1.0 quantizes the small init weights to
14	all-zeros -> a dead network at chance), per-tensor learnable scales, weight decay EXCLUDED from the
15	scale/BN/bias params, gradient clipping, a decaying LR, and enough epochs. Naive post-training
16	rounding or under-training lands at chance.
17	
18	This file is a skeleton; the loop body is yours to write.
19	"""
20	from __future__ import annotations
21	
22	import argparse
23	import os
24	import sys
25	
26	import numpy as np
27	
28	sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
29	sys.path.insert(0, "/app")
30	
3
…[truncated 1513 chars]
Let me examine the check runner to understand exact conventions, especially for the subtle gradients.

Scan run_checks for relevant references

shell
grep -n "def \|grad_scale\|fake_quant\|scale_grad\|n_levels\|Qn\|Qp\|round\|class " /app/run_checks.py | head -120
output
22:  * quant_grads    : the LSQ fake_quant STE indicator + scale-gradient CLIP RULES (the exact
26:                     fake_quant lands on the integer grid, the full models run + shapes).
64:def _load_module(name, path, inject=None):
84:def load_framework(root):
93:def _num_grad_input(forward, x, eps=EPS):
108:def _max_abs(a, b):
112:def _bsum(it):
119:def _imax(a, b):
124:def check_autograd_grads(fw, sb):
130:    def case(name, build, shape, seed, upstream=None):
135:            def wrapped(t):
193:    def two_path():
204:    def loss_grad(name, lossfn, shape, seed, inttgt):
218:    def norm_param(name, which, seed):
237:    def conv_grad(name, which, seed):
265:    def pool_grad(name, op, seed, jitter=False):
281:    def bn_grad(name, dim, which, seed):
316:    def layer_grad(name, make, in_shape, seed):
335:    def quant_model_backprop(name, build, make_X, seed):
382:    def gn_x():
395:    def gn_param(name, which, seed):
413:    def cell_grad(name, make, in_shape, hid, seed, two_state=False):
424:                def fwd(xv):
438:    def cell_param_grad(name, make, in_shape, hid, pkey, seed, two_state=False):
450:                def fwd(pv):
455:                def fwd(pv):
479:    def hub_grad(name, seed, scale_in, delta):
493:    def kl_grad_pub():
505:    def emb_grad_pub():
517:    def conv_gen_grad_pub(name, which, seed, stride, pad, dilation, groups, Cin, cig, Cout, hw):
538:    def convT_grad_pub(name, which, seed, stride, pad):
558:    def pool_s_grad_pub(name, o
…[truncated 4240 chars]

/app/run_checks.py

contents
584	def check_quant_grads(fw, sb):
585	    ag = fw["autograd"]
586	    results = []
587	
588	    def grads(v0, s0, Qn, Qp, up):
589	        vt = ag.Tensor(v0.copy(), requires_grad=True)
590	        st = ag.Tensor(np.array([s0]), requires_grad=True)
591	        out = ag.fake_quant(vt, st, Qn, Qp)
592	        out.backward(up.copy())
593	        return np.asarray(vt.grad, np.float64), np.asarray(st.grad, np.float64), out.data.copy()
594	
595	    def ste_indicator(name, seed, Qn, Qp, s0):
596	        try:
597	            rng = np.random.default_rng(sb + seed)
598	            v0 = rng.standard_normal((5, 5)) * 2.0
599	            up = rng.standard_normal((5, 5))
600	            gv, _, _ = grads(v0, s0, Qn, Qp, up)
601	            r = v0 / s0
602	            middle = (r >= -Qn) & (r <= Qp)
603	            expected = up * middle
604	            ok = _max_abs(gv, expected) < 1e-9 and np.all(gv[~middle] == 0.0)
605	            results.append((f"quant/{name}", ok, f"err={_max_abs(gv, expected):.1e}"))
606	        except Exception as e:  # noqa: BLE001
607	            results.append((f"quant/{name}", False, f"raised {type(e).__name__}: {e}"))
608	    ste_indicator("ste_indicator_w", 60, 2, 1, 0.7)
609	    ste_indicator("ste_indicator_a", 61, 0, 3, 0.5)
610	
611	    def scale_clip(name, seed, Qn, Qp, s0, fill, bound):
612	        try:
613	            v0 = np.full((4, 4), fill)
614	            up = np.ones((4, 4))
615	            _, gs, _ = grads(v0, s0, Qn, Qp, up)
616	            gscale
…[truncated 10474 chars]
Let me look at a few more reference checks (model backprop, conv_gen, optim) to nail conventions.

/app/run_checks.py

contents
335	    def quant_model_backprop(name, build, make_X, seed):
336	        try:
337	            m = build(sb + seed)
338	            nps = m.named_params()
339	            for nm, p in nps.items():
340	                if nm.endswith("wq.scale"):
341	                    wkey = nm[:-len("wq.scale")] + "weight"
342	                    p.data[...] = _imax(2.0 * float(np.mean(np.abs(nps[wkey].data))), 1e-2)
343	                elif nm.endswith("aq.scale"):
344	                    p.data[...] = 1.0
345	            m.set_training(True)
346	            X = make_X(sb + seed + 5)
347	            tgt = np.array([0, 2])
348	            for p in m.params():
349	                p.grad = None
350	            ag.cross_entropy(m(X), tgt).backward()
351	            allfinite = all(p.grad is not None and np.all(np.isfinite(p.grad)) for p in m.params())
352	            ngrad = sum(1 for p in m.params() if p.grad is not None)
353	            results.append((f"grad/{name}", allfinite and ngrad == len(m.params()),
354	                            f"{ngrad}/{len(m.params())} grads, finite={allfinite}"))
355	        except Exception as e:  # noqa: BLE001
356	            results.append((f"grad/{name}", False, f"raised {type(e).__name__}: {e}"))
357	    quant_model_backprop("QuantCNN_backprop", lambda s: nn.QuantCNN(6, widths=(8, 16), seed=s),
358	                         lambda s: np.random.default_rng(s).standard_normal((2, 3, 16, 16)), 90)
359	    quant_model_backprop("QuantMLP_backprop", lambda s: nn.
…[truncated 6449 chars]
The autograd checks are finite-difference against my own forward , so I just need self-consistency. Let me check the optim and integration sections.

/app/run_checks.py

contents
990	
991	    def gru_cell_shape():
992	        cell = nn.GRUCell(5, 4, np.random.default_rng(sb + 54))
993	        h = cell(T(np.random.default_rng(sb + 55).standard_normal((3, 5))), T(np.zeros((3, 4))))
994	        return h.data.shape == (3, 4), f"shape={h.data.shape}"
995	
996	    def lstm_cell_shape():
997	        cell = nn.LSTMCell(5, 4, np.random.default_rng(sb + 56))
998	        h, c = cell(T(np.random.default_rng(sb + 57).standard_normal((3, 5))), T(np.zeros((3, 4))), T(np.zeros((3, 4))))
999	        return h.data.shape == (3, 4) and c.data.shape == (3, 4), ""
1000	
1001	    def perchan_layer_def():
1002	        q = nn.PerChannelWeightQuant(4)
1003	        q.scale.data[...] = np.array([0.5, 0.7, 0.6, 0.8])
1004	        w = np.random.default_rng(sb + 58).standard_normal((4, 3, 2, 2))
1005	        out = q.quant(T(w)).data
1006	        sh = [1, 1, 1, 1]; sh[0] = 4
1007	        levels = np.round(out / q.scale.data.reshape(sh))
1008	        return bool(np.all((levels >= -2) & (levels <= 1))), ""
1009	
1010	    def affine_layer_def():
1011	        q = nn.AffineActQuant(zero_point=1)
1012	        q.scale.data[...] = np.array([0.6])
1013	        x = np.random.default_rng(sb + 59).standard_normal((4, 5)) * 2.0
1014	        out = q.forward(T(x)).data
1015	        r = np.round(np.clip(x / 0.6 + 1, 0, 3))
1016	        return _max_abs(out, (r - 1) * 0.6) < 1e-9, ""
1017	
1018	    # ---- v2 layer / op property checks ----
1019	    def cumsum_def():
1020	        x = np.random.default
…[truncated 10937 chars]

/app/run_checks.py

contents
1218	    def adadelta_step(lr, rho, eps, wd):
1219	        def f(i, p, g, t, st):
1220	            s = st.get(("s", i), np.zeros_like(p)); d = st.get(("d", i), np.zeros_like(p))
1221	            gg = g + wd * p
1222	            s = rho * s + (1 - rho) * (gg * gg)
1223	            delta = np.sqrt(d + eps) / np.sqrt(s + eps) * gg
1224	            newp = p - lr * delta
1225	            st[("s", i)] = s
1226	            st[("d", i)] = rho * d + (1 - rho) * (delta * delta)
1227	            return newp
1228	        return f
1229	
1230	    def nesterov_step(lr, mu, wd):
1231	        def f(i, p, g, t, st):
1232	            v = st.get(("v", i), np.zeros_like(p))
1233	            gg = g + wd * p
1234	            v = mu * v + gg
1235	            st[("v", i)] = v
1236	            return p - lr * (gg + mu * v)
1237	        return f
1238	
1239	    run("Adamax_5step", lambda p: opt.Adamax(p, lr=2e-3, betas=(0.9, 0.99), weight_decay=0.02),
1240	        adamax_step(2e-3, 0.9, 0.99, 1e-8, 0.02), 5, sb + 20)
1241	    run("NAdam_10step", lambda p: opt.NAdam(p, lr=2e-3, betas=(0.9, 0.999)),
1242	        nadam_step(2e-3, 0.9, 0.999, 1e-8, 0.0), 10, sb + 21)
1243	    run("Adadelta_5step", lambda p: opt.Adadelta(p, lr=1.0, rho=0.9, weight_decay=0.01),
1244	        adadelta_step(1.0, 0.9, 1e-6, 0.01), 5, sb + 22)
1245	    run("NesterovSGD_5step", lambda p: opt.NesterovSGD(p, lr=0.05, momentum=0.9, weight_decay=1e-2),
1246	        nesterov_step(0.05, 0.9, 1e-2), 5, sb + 23)
1247	
1248	    def group_ca
…[truncated 7559 chars]

/app/run_checks.py

contents
1388	        return overfit_loss(m, lambda g: opt.Adam(
1389	            [{"params": g["decay"], "weight_decay": 0.0}, {"params": g["no_decay"], "weight_decay": 0.0}],
1390	            lr=3e-3), X, y, 20)
1391	
1392	    def block(prefix, runner):
1393	        try:
1394	            losses = runner()
1395	            finite = all(math.isfinite(x) for x in losses)
1396	            results.append((f"integration/{prefix}_finite", finite, f"{losses[0]:.3f}->{losses[-1]:.3f}"))
1397	            # on a fixed memorizable batch a correct stack drives the loss clearly down.
1398	            progressed = finite and (min(losses) < losses[0] - 0.05)
1399	            results.append((f"integration/{prefix}_loss_decreases", progressed,
1400	                            f"{losses[0]:.4f}->min {min(losses):.4f}"))
1401	        except Exception as e:  # noqa: BLE001
1402	            results.append((f"integration/{prefix}_finite", False, f"raised {type(e).__name__}: {e}"))
1403	            results.append((f"integration/{prefix}_loss_decreases", False, "n/a"))
1404	
1405	    def qsepcnn_run():
1406	        m = nn.QuantSepCNN(6, widths=(8, 16), seed=sb + 7)
1407	        init_scales(m)
1408	        rng = np.random.default_rng(sb + 2)
1409	        X = rng.standard_normal((8, 3, 16, 16)); y = rng.integers(0, 6, size=8)
1410	        return overfit_loss(m, lambda g: opt.Adam(
1411	            [{"params": g["decay"], "weight_decay": 0.0}, {"params": g["no_decay"], "weight_decay": 0.0}],
1412	            l
…[truncated 3977 chars]
Let me read the first part of check_autograd_grads to understand the `case` helper and remaining domain checks.

/app/run_checks.py

contents
93	def _num_grad_input(forward, x, eps=EPS):
94	    g = np.zeros_like(x)
95	    flat = x.reshape(-1)
96	    gf = g.reshape(-1)
97	    for i in range(flat.size):
98	        old = flat[i]
99	        flat[i] = old + eps
100	        fp = float(np.sum(forward(x)))
101	        flat[i] = old - eps
102	        fm = float(np.sum(forward(x)))
103	        flat[i] = old
104	        gf[i] = (fp - fm) / (2 * eps)
105	    return g
106	
107	
108	def _max_abs(a, b):
109	    return float(np.max(np.abs(np.asarray(a, np.float64) - np.asarray(b, np.float64))))
110	
111	
112	def _bsum(it):
113	    s = 0
114	    for x in it:
115	        s += int(bool(x))
116	    return s
117	
118	
119	def _imax(a, b):
120	    return a if a > b else b
121	
122	
123	# ======================================================================= autograd_grads
124	def check_autograd_grads(fw, sb):
125	    ag = fw["autograd"]
126	    nn = fw["nn"]
127	    T = ag.Tensor
128	    results = []
129	
130	    def case(name, build, shape, seed, upstream=None):
131	        try:
132	            rng = np.random.default_rng(sb + seed)
133	            x0 = rng.standard_normal(shape)
134	
135	            def wrapped(t):
136	                o = build(t)
137	                return ag.mul(o, T(upstream)) if upstream is not None else o
138	            t = T(x0.copy(), requires_grad=True)
139	            ag.sum(wrapped(t)).backward()
140	            gan = np.asarray(t.grad, np.float64)
141	            gnum = _num_grad_input(lambda xv: wrapped(
…[truncated 11849 chars]
Let me read the remaining domain grad checks (conv_gen, convT, pool_s, huber, kl, emb).

/app/run_checks.py

contents
464	
465	    layer_grad("nn.SiLU_x", lambda r: nn.SiLU(), (4, 5), 150)
466	    layer_grad("nn.ELU_x", lambda r: nn.ELU(0.7), (4, 5), 151)
467	    layer_grad("nn.GroupNorm_x", lambda r: nn.GroupNorm(2, 4), (2, 4, 3, 3), 152)
468	
469	    # ---- v2 generic-op grad checks (same coverage as the held-out grader) ----
470	    case("cumsum_ax1", lambda t: ag.cumsum(t, axis=1), (4, 5), 200, np.arange(20.0).reshape(4, 5) + 1.0)
471	    case("flip_ax1", lambda t: ag.flip(t, axis=1), (4, 5), 202, np.arange(20.0).reshape(4, 5) + 1.0)
472	    case("logsumexp_ax1", lambda t: ag.logsumexp(t, axis=1), (4, 5), 203, np.arange(4.0) + 1.0)
473	    case("logaddexp", lambda t: ag.logaddexp(t, T(np.full((4, 5), 0.3))), (4, 5), 205, np.arange(20.0).reshape(4, 5) + 1.0)
474	    case("l2_normalize_ax1", lambda t: ag.l2_normalize(t, axis=1), (4, 5), 206, np.arange(20.0).reshape(4, 5) + 1.0)
475	    case("rms_norm_x", lambda t: ag.rms_norm(t, T(np.ones(5) * 1.3)), (4, 5), 207, np.arange(20.0).reshape(4, 5) + 1.0)
476	    case("instance_norm_x", lambda t: ag.instance_norm(t, T(np.ones(4) * 1.2), T(np.ones(4) * 0.1)),
477	         (2, 4, 3, 3), 208, np.arange(1.0, 2 * 4 * 3 * 3 + 1.0).reshape(2, 4, 3, 3))
478	
479	    def hub_grad(name, seed, scale_in, delta):
480	        try:
481	            rng = np.random.default_rng(sb + seed)
482	            x0 = rng.standard_normal((4, 5)) * scale_in
483	            tgt = rng.standard_normal((4, 5))
484	            lt = T(x0.copy(), requires_grad=True)
485	         
…[truncated 6569 chars]

Check tolerances and data shape

shell
grep -n "TOL_GRAD\|TOL_OPT\|TOL_SCHED\|EPS =\|PUBLIC_SEED_BASE" /app/run_checks.py | head; echo "---data---"; python3 -c "import numpy as np; d=np.load('/app/data/train.npz'); print({k:(v.shape,v.dtype) for k,v in d.items()}); import numpy; print('y unique', np.unique(d['y']), 'counts', np.bincount(d['y']))"
output
54:TOL_GRAD = 2e-3
56:TOL_OPT = 1e-7
57:TOL_SCHED = 1e-9
58:EPS = 1e-5
60:PUBLIC_SEED_BASE = 1000   # the GRADER uses a DIFFERENT base; do not curve-fit to these seeds.
143:            results.append((f"grad/{name}", err < TOL_GRAD, f"max_abs={err:.2e}"))
199:            results.append(("grad/two_path_accum", _max_abs(xt.grad, 2.0 * x0) < TOL_GRAD, ""))
212:            results.append((f"grad/{name}", _max_abs(np.asarray(lt.grad), gnum) < TOL_GRAD, ""))
230:            results.append((f"grad/{name}", _max_abs(np.asarray(pt.grad), _num_grad_input(fwd, p0.copy())) < TOL_GRAD, ""))
258:            results.append((f"grad/conv2d_{which}", _max_abs(np.asarray(gan), gnum) < TOL_GRAD, ""))
---data---
{'X': ((2500, 3, 16, 16), dtype('uint8')), 'y': ((2500,), dtype('int64'))}
y unique [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9] counts [250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250]
I have a thorough understanding now. Let me create a task list and begin implementing autograd.py. I'll start with the core `backward` and a helper.

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    while grad.ndim > len(shape):
        grad = grad.sum(axis=0)
    for ax, sz in enumerate(shape):
        if sz == 1 and grad.shape[ax] != 1:
            grad = grad.sum(axis=ax, keepdims=True)
    return grad.reshape(shape)
+ added
    while grad.ndim > len(shape):
        grad = grad.sum(axis=0)
    for ax, sz in enumerate(shape):
        if sz == 1 and grad.shape[ax] != 1:
            grad = grad.sum(axis=ax, keepdims=True)
    return grad.reshape(shape)


def _expand_grad(g, in_shape, axis, keepdims):
    """Broadcast a reduced gradient ``g`` back up to ``in_shape`` (re-inserting reduced axes)."""
    g = np.asarray(g, dtype=np.float64)
    if axis is None:
        return np.broadcast_to(g, in_shape).copy()
    if not keepdims:
        ax = axis if isinstance(axis, tuple) else (axis,)
        ax = tuple(a % len(in_shape) for a in ax)
        for a in sorted(ax):
            g = np.expand_dims(g, a)
    return np.broadcast_to(g, in_shape).copy()

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
        TODO: implement the topological walk + seeding. (The per-op ``_backward`` closures do the
        local accumulation; here you only orchestrate the order + seed ``self.grad``.)
        """
        raise NotImplementedError("Tensor.backward")
+ added
        TODO: implement the topological walk + seeding. (The per-op ``_backward`` closures do the
        local accumulation; here you only orchestrate the order + seed ``self.grad``.)
        """
        if grad is None:
            grad = np.ones_like(self.data)
        self._accum(_as_f64(grad))
        topo: List["Tensor"] = []
        visited = set()
        stack = [(self, False)]
        while stack:
            node, processed = stack.pop()
            if processed:
                topo.append(node)
                continue
            if id(node) in visited:
                continue
            visited.add(id(node))
            stack.append((node, True))
            for p in node._parents:
                if id(p) not in visited:
                    stack.append((p, False))
        for node in reversed(topo):
            node._backward()

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now the elementwise binary ops:

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("add backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        if a.requires_grad:
            a._accum(_unbroadcast(g, a.data.shape))
        if b.requires_grad:
            b._accum(_unbroadcast(g, b.data.shape))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("sub backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        if a.requires_grad:
            a._accum(_unbroadcast(g, a.data.shape))
        if b.requires_grad:
            b._accum(_unbroadcast(-g, b.data.shape))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("mul backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        if a.requires_grad:
            a._accum(_unbroadcast(g * b.data, a.data.shape))
        if b.requires_grad:
            b._accum(_unbroadcast(g * a.data, b.data.shape))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("div backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        if a.requires_grad:
            a._accum(_unbroadcast(g / b.data, a.data.shape))
        if b.requires_grad:
            b._accum(_unbroadcast(-g * a.data / (b.data * b.data), b.data.shape))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("power backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            a._accum(out.grad * p * (a.data ** (p - 1)))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("maximum backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        am = (a.data > b.data) * 1.0 + (a.data == b.data) * 0.5
        if a.requires_grad:
            a._accum(_unbroadcast(g * am, a.data.shape))
        if b.requires_grad:
            b._accum(_unbroadcast(g * (1.0 - am), b.data.shape))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("minimum backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        am = (a.data < b.data) * 1.0 + (a.data == b.data) * 0.5
        if a.requires_grad:
            a._accum(_unbroadcast(g * am, a.data.shape))
        if b.requires_grad:
            b._accum(_unbroadcast(g * (1.0 - am), b.data.shape))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("where backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        if a.requires_grad:
            a._accum(_unbroadcast(np.where(c, g, 0.0), a.data.shape))
        if b.requires_grad:
            b._accum(_unbroadcast(np.where(c, 0.0, g), b.data.shape))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now the unary math ops:

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("exp backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            a._accum(out.grad * out.data)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("log backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            a._accum(out.grad / a.data)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("sqrt backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            a._accum(out.grad * 0.5 / out.data)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("abs backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            a._accum(out.grad * np.sign(a.data))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("clip backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            a._accum(out.grad * ((a.data > lo) & (a.data < hi)))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now the reductions:

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("sum backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            a._accum(_expand_grad(out.grad, a.data.shape, axis, keepdims))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("mean backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            n = a.data.size // out.data.size
            a._accum(_expand_grad(out.grad, a.data.shape, axis, keepdims) / n)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("max backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            od = a.data.max(axis=axis, keepdims=True)
            mask = (a.data == od).astype(np.float64)
            cnt = mask.sum(axis=axis, keepdims=True)
            g = _expand_grad(out.grad, a.data.shape, axis, keepdims)
            a._accum(g * mask / cnt)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("min backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            od = a.data.min(axis=axis, keepdims=True)
            mask = (a.data == od).astype(np.float64)
            cnt = mask.sum(axis=axis, keepdims=True)
            g = _expand_grad(out.grad, a.data.shape, axis, keepdims)
            a._accum(g * mask / cnt)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("concat backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        sizes = [t.data.shape[axis] for t in ts]
        idxs = np.cumsum(sizes)[:-1]
        parts = np.split(g, idxs, axis=axis)
        for t, part in zip(ts, parts):
            if t.requires_grad:
                t._accum(part)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("stack backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        for i, t in enumerate(ts):
            if t.requires_grad:
                t._accum(np.take(g, i, axis=axis))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("transpose backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            if axes is None:
                a._accum(np.transpose(out.grad))
            else:
                inv = np.argsort(axes)
                a._accum(np.transpose(out.grad, inv))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("reshape backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            a._accum(out.grad.reshape(a.data.shape))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("getitem backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            grad = np.zeros_like(a.data)
            np.add.at(grad, idx, out.grad)
            a._accum(grad)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("matmul backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        if a.requires_grad:
            da = g @ np.swapaxes(b.data, -1, -2)
            a._accum(_unbroadcast(da, a.data.shape))
        if b.requires_grad:
            db = np.swapaxes(a.data, -1, -2) @ g
            b._accum(_unbroadcast(db, b.data.shape))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now nonlinearities:

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("relu backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            a._accum(out.grad * (a.data > 0.0))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("leaky_relu backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            a._accum(out.grad * np.where(a.data > 0.0, 1.0, slope))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("sigmoid backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            a._accum(out.grad * out.data * (1.0 - out.data))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("tanh backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            a._accum(out.grad * (1.0 - out.data * out.data))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("gelu backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            pdf = np.exp(-0.5 * a.data * a.data) / np.sqrt(2.0 * np.pi)
            a._accum(out.grad * (cdf + a.data * pdf))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("softmax backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            g = out.grad
            sg = (g * s).sum(axis=axis, keepdims=True)
            a._accum(s * (g - sg))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("log_softmax backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            g = out.grad
            sm = np.exp(out.data)
            a._accum(g - sm * g.sum(axis=axis, keepdims=True))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now losses and layernorm:

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("cross_entropy backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if logits.requires_grad:
            sm = np.exp(logp)
            grad_in = sm.copy()
            grad_in[np.arange(n), t] -= 1.0
            grad_in *= (out.grad / n)
            logits._accum(grad_in)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("mse_loss backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if pred.requires_grad:
            N = pred.data.size
            pred._accum((2.0 / N) * (pred.data - tgt) * out.grad)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("layernorm backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        lead = tuple(range(g.ndim - 1))
        if gamma.requires_grad:
            gamma._accum((g * xhat).sum(axis=lead))
        if beta.requires_grad:
            beta._accum(g.sum(axis=lead))
        if x.requires_grad:
            gx = g * gamma.data
            dx = inv / D * (D * gx - gx.sum(axis=-1, keepdims=True)
                            - xhat * (gx * xhat).sum(axis=-1, keepdims=True))
            x._accum(dx)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now conv2d backward:

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("conv2d backward")  # TODO (dW, dbias, dx via _col2im)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        dout = out.grad.reshape(N, Cout, OH * OW)
        if weight.requires_grad:
            dW = np.einsum("nop,ncp->oc", dout, cols).reshape(Cout, Cin, KH, KW)
            weight._accum(dW)
        if has_bias and bias.requires_grad:
            bias._accum(dout.sum(axis=(0, 2)))
        if x.requires_grad:
            dcols = np.einsum("oc,nop->ncp", Wm, dout)
            dxp = _col2im(dcols, xp.shape, KH, KW, stride, OH, OW)
            if pad > 0:
                dx = dxp[:, :, pad:pad + H, pad:pad + W]
            else:
                dx = dxp
            x._accum(dx)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("avgpool2d backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if x.requires_grad:
            g = out.grad
            dxr = np.broadcast_to(g[:, :, :, None, :, None], (N, C, OH, k, OW, k)) / (k * k)
            dx = np.zeros_like(x.data)
            dx[:, :, :OH * k, :OW * k] = dxr.reshape(N, C, OH * k, OW * k)
            x._accum(dx)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("maxpool2d backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if x.requires_grad:
            xt = xr.transpose(0, 1, 2, 4, 3, 5).reshape(N, C, OH, OW, k * k)
            am = xt.argmax(axis=-1)
            g = out.grad
            dxt = np.zeros((N, C, OH, OW, k * k), dtype=np.float64)
            np.put_along_axis(dxt, am[..., None], g[..., None], axis=-1)
            dxr = dxt.reshape(N, C, OH, OW, k, k).transpose(0, 1, 2, 4, 3, 5)
            dx = np.zeros_like(x.data)
            dx[:, :, :OH * k, :OW * k] = dxr.reshape(N, C, OH * k, OW * k)
            x._accum(dx)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("batchnorm2d backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        if gamma.requires_grad:
            gamma._accum((g * xhat).sum(axis=(0, 2, 3)))
        if beta.requires_grad:
            beta._accum(g.sum(axis=(0, 2, 3)))
        if x.requires_grad:
            gx = g * g_
            if training:
                dx = inv / M * (M * gx - gx.sum(axis=(0, 2, 3), keepdims=True)
                                - xhat * (gx * xhat).sum(axis=(0, 2, 3), keepdims=True))
            else:
                dx = gx * inv
            x._accum(dx)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now the LSQ fake_quant , the crux:

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("fake_quant backward (STE + LSQ scale gradient)")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        up = out.grad
        mask = (r >= Qn) & (r <= Qp)
        if v.requires_grad:
            v._accum(up * mask)
        if scale.requires_grad:
            below = r < Qn
            above = r > Qp
            ds = np.where(below, Qn, np.where(above, Qp, np.round(r) - r))
            ds_total = float((up * ds).sum()) * grad_scale
            scale._accum(np.full_like(scale.data, ds_total))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now the extra generic ops (square/rsqrt/reciprocal/var/std/gather/pad2d):

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("square backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            a._accum(out.grad * 2.0 * a.data)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("rsqrt backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            a._accum(out.grad * (-0.5) * (a.data ** (-1.5)))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("reciprocal backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            a._accum(out.grad * (-1.0) / (a.data * a.data))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("var backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            N = a.data.size // out.data.size
            g = _expand_grad(out.grad, a.data.shape, axis, keepdims)
            a._accum(g * (2.0 / N) * xc)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("std backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            N = a.data.size // _bi_max(1, np.asarray(out.data).size)
            g = _expand_grad(out.grad, a.data.shape, axis, keepdims)
            a._accum(g * xc / (N * sd))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("gather backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            grad = np.zeros_like(a.data)
            coords = list(np.indices(idx.shape))
            coords[axis] = idx
            np.add.at(grad, tuple(coords), out.grad)
            a._accum(grad)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("pad2d backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if x.requires_grad:
            if pad == 0:
                x._accum(out.grad)
            else:
                H, W = x.data.shape[2], x.data.shape[3]
                x._accum(out.grad[:, :, pad:pad + H, pad:pad + W])

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now activations:

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("softplus backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            with np.errstate(over="ignore"):
                sig = 1.0 / (1.0 + np.exp(-bx))
            a._accum(out.grad * sig)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("silu backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            a._accum(out.grad * (sig + a.data * sig * (1.0 - sig)))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("mish backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            tsp = np.tanh(sp)
            with np.errstate(over="ignore"):
                sig = 1.0 / (1.0 + np.exp(-x))
            a._accum(out.grad * (tsp + x * (1.0 - tsp * tsp) * sig))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("elu backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            d = np.where(x > 0.0, 1.0, alpha * np.exp(np.minimum(x, 0.0)))
            a._accum(out.grad * d)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("hardtanh backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            a._accum(out.grad * ((a.data > lo) & (a.data < hi)))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("hardsigmoid backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            a._accum(out.grad * ((z > 0.0) & (z < 1.0)) / 6.0)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now groupnorm backward:

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("groupnorm backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        if gamma.requires_grad:
            gamma._accum((g * xhat).sum(axis=(0, 2, 3)))
        if beta.requires_grad:
            beta._accum(g.sum(axis=(0, 2, 3)))
        if x.requires_grad:
            M = cg * H * W
            gx = (g * gamma.data.reshape(1, C, 1, 1)).reshape(N, G, M)
            xh = xhat.reshape(N, G, M)
            dxg = inv / M * (M * gx - gx.sum(axis=2, keepdims=True)
                             - xh * (gx * xh).sum(axis=2, keepdims=True))
            x._accum(dxg.reshape(N, C, H, W))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now per-channel and affine fake-quant backward:

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("fake_quant_per_channel backward (STE + per-channel scale grad)")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        up = out.grad
        mask = (r >= Qn) & (r <= Qp)
        if v.requires_grad:
            v._accum(up * mask)
        if scale.requires_grad:
            below = r < Qn
            above = r > Qp
            ds = np.where(below, Qn, np.where(above, Qp, np.round(r) - r))
            reduce_axes = tuple(i for i in range(v.data.ndim) if i != axis)
            dsc = (up * ds).sum(axis=reduce_axes) * grad_scale
            scale._accum(dsc.reshape(scale.data.shape))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("fake_quant_affine backward (STE + scale grad on shifted grid)")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        up = out.grad
        mask = (r >= Qn) & (r <= Qp)
        if v.requires_grad:
            v._accum(up * mask)
        if scale.requires_grad:
            lower = r < Qn
            upper = r > Qp
            middle = ~(lower | upper)
            ds = np.where(middle, (q - z) - (r - z), np.where(lower, Qn - z, Qp - z))
            ds_total = float((up * ds).sum()) * grad_scale
            scale._accum(np.full_like(scale.data, ds_total))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now v2 generic ops:

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("cumsum backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            g = out.grad
            a._accum(np.flip(np.cumsum(np.flip(g, axis=axis), axis=axis), axis=axis))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("flip backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            a._accum(np.flip(out.grad, axis=axis))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("logsumexp backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            g = out.grad
            if not keepdims:
                g = np.expand_dims(g, axis)
            a._accum(sm * g)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("logaddexp backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        if a.requires_grad:
            a._accum(_unbroadcast(g * np.exp(a.data - out_data), a.data.shape))
        if b.requires_grad:
            b._accum(_unbroadcast(g * np.exp(b.data - out_data), b.data.shape))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("l2_normalize backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if a.requires_grad:
            g = out.grad
            dot = (y * g).sum(axis=axis, keepdims=True)
            a._accum((g - y * dot) / nrm)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("rms_norm backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        lead = tuple(range(g.ndim - 1))
        if gamma.requires_grad:
            gamma._accum((g * xhat).sum(axis=lead))
        if x.requires_grad:
            gg = g * gamma.data
            dx = inv * gg - (xd * inv ** 3 / D) * (gg * xd).sum(axis=-1, keepdims=True)
            x._accum(dx)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("instance_norm backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        if gamma.requires_grad:
            gamma._accum((g * xhat).sum(axis=(0, 2, 3)))
        if beta.requires_grad:
            beta._accum(g.sum(axis=(0, 2, 3)))
        if x.requires_grad:
            gx = (g * g_).reshape(N, C, M)
            xh = xhat.reshape(N, C, M)
            dxg = inv / M * (M * gx - gx.sum(axis=2, keepdims=True)
                             - xh * (gx * xh).sum(axis=2, keepdims=True))
            x._accum(dxg.reshape(N, C, H, W))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("huber_loss backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if pred.requires_grad:
            d = np.where(quad, diff, delta * np.sign(diff))
            pred._accum(d / n * out.grad)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("kl_div backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if log_p.requires_grad:
            log_p._accum((-q / n) * out.grad)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("embedding backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if weight.requires_grad:
            grad = np.zeros_like(weight.data)
            np.add.at(grad, idx, out.grad)
            weight._accum(grad)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now conv2d_gen backward:

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("conv2d_gen backward (grouped/dilated dW/db/dx)")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        dout_full = out.grad.reshape(N, Cout, OH * OW)
        dout_g = dout_full.reshape(N, groups, cog, OH * OW)
        if weight.requires_grad:
            dWm = np.einsum("ngop,ngcp->goc", dout_g, cols_g)
            weight._accum(dWm.reshape(Cout, cig, KH, KW))
        if has_bias and bias.requires_grad:
            bias._accum(dout_full.sum(axis=(0, 2)))
        if x.requires_grad:
            dcols_g = np.einsum("goc,ngop->ngcp", Wm, dout_g)
            dcols = dcols_g.reshape(N, Cin * KH * KW, OH * OW)
            dxp = _col2im_dil(dcols, xp.shape, KH, KW, stride, dilation, OH, OW)
            if pad > 0:
                dx = dxp[:, :, pad:pad + H, pad:pad + W]
            else:
                dx = dxp
            x._accum(dx)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now conv_transpose2d backward:

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("conv_transpose2d backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        if has_bias and bias.requires_grad:
            bias._accum(g.sum(axis=(0, 2, 3)))
        if pad > 0:
            gfull = np.zeros((N, Cout, OHf, OWf), dtype=np.float64)
            gfull[:, :, pad:OHf - pad, pad:OWf - pad] = g
        else:
            gfull = g
        gcontrib = np.empty((N, Cout, H, W, KH, KW), dtype=np.float64)
        for i in range(KH):
            for j in range(KW):
                gcontrib[:, :, :, :, i, j] = gfull[:, :, i:i + stride * H:stride, j:j + stride * W:stride]
        if x.requires_grad:
            dx = np.einsum("noijKL,coKL->ncij", gcontrib, Wm)
            x._accum(dx)
        if weight.requires_grad:
            dW = np.einsum("noijKL,ncij->coKL", gcontrib, xd)
            weight._accum(dW)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now the strided/padded pooling backward:

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("avgpool2d_s backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if x.requires_grad:
            g = out.grad
            dxp = np.zeros((N, C, Hp, Wp), dtype=np.float64)
            for oi in range(OH):
                for oj in range(OW):
                    dxp[:, :, oi * stride:oi * stride + k, oj * stride:oj * stride + k] += \
                        (g[:, :, oi, oj] / (k * k))[:, :, None, None]
            if pad > 0:
                dx = dxp[:, :, pad:pad + H, pad:pad + W]
            else:
                dx = dxp
            x._accum(dx)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("maxpool2d_s backward")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        if x.requires_grad:
            g = out.grad
            dxp = np.zeros((N, C, Hp, Wp), dtype=np.float64)
            nC, cC = np.meshgrid(np.arange(N), np.arange(C), indexing="ij")
            for oi in range(OH):
                for oj in range(OW):
                    ii = oi * stride + argi[:, :, oi, oj]
                    jj = oj * stride + argj[:, :, oi, oj]
                    np.add.at(dxp, (nC, cC, ii, jj), g[:, :, oi, oj])
            if pad > 0:
                dx = dxp[:, :, pad:pad + H, pad:pad + W]
            else:
                dx = dxp
            x._accum(dx)

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("fake_quant_lsq_plus backward (STE v-grad + beta-grad + LSQ scale grad)")  # TODO

    out._backward = _bw
    return out
+ added
    def _bw():
        up = out.grad
        mask = (r >= Qn) & (r <= Qp)
        if v.requires_grad:
            v._accum(up * mask)
        if beta.requires_grad:
            db_total = float((up * (~mask)).sum())
            beta._accum(np.full_like(beta.data, db_total))
        if scale.requires_grad:
            ds = np.where(mask, np.round(np.clip(r, Qn, Qp)) - r, np.where(r < Qn, Qn, Qp))
            ds_total = float((up * ds).sum()) * grad_scale
            scale._accum(np.full_like(scale.data, ds_total))

    out._backward = _bw
    return out

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Autograd is complete. Let me verify it imports and run the autograd_grads + quant_grads checks (data.py needed for import , let me fill data.py and nn.py forwards first). Let me do data.py:

/app/submission/data.py

− removed
    """uint8 (N,3,S,S) -> float64, x = (X/255 - NORM_MEAN) / NORM_STD."""
    # TODO: cast to float, scale to [0,1], subtract NORM_MEAN, divide by NORM_STD.
    raise NotImplementedError("normalize")
+ added
    """uint8 (N,3,S,S) -> float64, x = (X/255 - NORM_MEAN) / NORM_STD."""
    return (np.asarray(X, dtype=np.float64) / 255.0 - NORM_MEAN) / NORM_STD

contents
The file /app/submission/data.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/data.py

− removed
    """Yield (xb, yb) minibatches over one epoch. ``Xn`` is already normalized float."""
    # TODO: optionally shuffle an index array, then yield contiguous batch_size slices of it.
    raise NotImplementedError("iter_minibatches")
+ added
    """Yield (xb, yb) minibatches over one epoch. ``Xn`` is already normalized float."""
    n = Xn.shape[0]
    idx = np.arange(n)
    if shuffle:
        rng.shuffle(idx)
    for start in range(0, n, batch_size):
        sel = idx[start:start + batch_size]
        yield Xn[sel], y[sel]

contents
The file /app/submission/data.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now nn.py forwards. Let me fill them all:

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: y = x @ weight (+ bias). Use ag.matmul / ag.add.
        raise NotImplementedError("Linear.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        y = ag.matmul(x, self.weight)
        if self.bias is not None:
            y = ag.add(y, self.bias)
        return y

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: out = x + fc2(gelu(fc1(x)))
        raise NotImplementedError("MLP.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        return ag.add(x, self.fc2(ag.gelu(self.fc1(x))))

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: return ag.layernorm(x, self.gamma, self.beta, self.eps)
        raise NotImplementedError("LayerNorm.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        return ag.layernorm(x, self.gamma, self.beta, self.eps)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: return ag.conv2d(x, self.weight, bias=self.bias, stride=self.stride, pad=self.padding)
        raise NotImplementedError("Conv2d.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        return ag.conv2d(x, self.weight, bias=self.bias, stride=self.stride, pad=self.padding)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: return ag.maxpool2d(x, self.k)
        raise NotImplementedError("MaxPool2d.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        return ag.maxpool2d(x, self.k)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: return ag.avgpool2d(x, self.k)
        raise NotImplementedError("AvgPool2d.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        return ag.avgpool2d(x, self.k)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def quant(self, w: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: return ag.fake_quant(w, self.scale, W_NEG, W_POS)
        raise NotImplementedError("WeightQuant.quant")
+ added
    def quant(self, w: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        return ag.fake_quant(w, self.scale, W_NEG, W_POS)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: return ag.fake_quant(x, self.scale, A_NEG, A_POS)
        raise NotImplementedError("ActQuant.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        return ag.fake_quant(x, self.scale, A_NEG, A_POS)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: ag.batchnorm2d(x, gamma, beta, eps, running_mean, running_var, momentum, training)
        raise NotImplementedError("BatchNorm2d.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        return ag.batchnorm2d(x, self.gamma, self.beta, self.eps,
                              self.running_mean, self.running_var, self.momentum, self.training)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
batchnorm1d isn't in autograd.py. Let me check:

Check batchnorm1d presence

shell
grep -n "batchnorm1d\|def batchnorm" /app/submission/autograd.py
output
838:def batchnorm2d(x, gamma, beta, eps: float = 1e-5,
I need to add `batchnorm1d` to autograd.py. Let me view the end of batchnorm2d:

/app/submission/autograd.py

contents
838	def batchnorm2d(x, gamma, beta, eps: float = 1e-5,
839	                running_mean=None, running_var=None, momentum: float = 0.1,
840	                training: bool = True) -> Tensor:
841	    """BatchNorm over (N,H,W) per channel C. x:(N,C,H,W); gamma,beta:(C,).
842	
843	    TRAINING: normalize with the BATCH mean/var (POPULATION variance, divide by M=N*H*W); update
844	      running_mean/running_var IN PLACE if given (running var tracks the UNBIASED batch variance,
845	      i.e. var * M/(M-1)). The forward computes mu/var/inv/xhat; you implement the backward.
846	    EVAL (training=False): normalize with the running stats; backward dx = grad*gamma*inv.
847	    Backward (training): dgamma=sum(grad*xhat) over (N,H,W); dbeta=sum(grad) over (N,H,W);
848	      gx = grad*gamma; dx = inv/M * (M*gx - sum(gx) - xhat*sum(gx*xhat))   (sums over N,H,W).
849	    """
850	    x, gamma, beta = _ensure(x), _ensure(gamma), _ensure(beta)
851	    N, C, H, W = x.data.shape
852	    M = N * H * W
853	    xd = x.data
854	    if training:
855	        mu = xd.mean(axis=(0, 2, 3), keepdims=True)
856	        xc = xd - mu
857	        var = (xc * xc).mean(axis=(0, 2, 3), keepdims=True)
858	        inv = 1.0 / np.sqrt(var + eps)
859	        xhat = xc * inv
860	        if running_mean is not None and running_var is not None:
861	            ubvar = var * (M / _bi_max(1, M - 1))
862	            running_mean[:] = (1 - momentum) * running_mean + momentum * mu.reshape(-1)
863	            running_var[:] =
…[truncated 1683 chars]

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    out._backward = _bw
    return out


# ============================================================ LSQ fake-quant (DOMAIN; the crux)
def fake_quant(v, scale, n_levels_neg: int, n_levels_pos: int,
+ added
    out._backward = _bw
    return out


def batchnorm1d(x, gamma, beta, eps: float = 1e-5,
                running_mean=None, running_var=None, momentum: float = 0.1,
                training: bool = True) -> Tensor:
    """BatchNorm over the batch axis N per feature C. x:(N,C); gamma,beta:(C,)."""
    x, gamma, beta = _ensure(x), _ensure(gamma), _ensure(beta)
    N, C = x.data.shape
    M = N
    xd = x.data
    if training:
        mu = xd.mean(axis=0, keepdims=True)
        xc = xd - mu
        var = (xc * xc).mean(axis=0, keepdims=True)
        inv = 1.0 / np.sqrt(var + eps)
        xhat = xc * inv
        if running_mean is not None and running_var is not None:
            ubvar = var * (M / _bi_max(1, M - 1))
            running_mean[:] = (1 - momentum) * running_mean + momentum * mu.reshape(-1)
            running_var[:] = (1 - momentum) * running_var + momentum * ubvar.reshape(-1)
    else:
        mu = running_mean.reshape(1, C)
        var = running_var.reshape(1, C)
        inv = 1.0 / np.sqrt(var + eps)
        xhat = (xd - mu) * inv
    g_ = gamma.data.reshape(1, C)
    out = _mk(g_ * xhat + beta.data.reshape(1, C), (x, gamma, beta),
              x.requires_grad or gamma.requires_grad or beta.requires_grad)

    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        if gamma.requires_grad:
            gamma._accum((g * xhat).sum(axis=0))
        if beta.requires_grad:
            beta._accum(g.sum(axis=0))
        if x.requires_grad:
            gx = g * g_
            if tra
…[truncated 433 chars]

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: ag.batchnorm1d(x, gamma, beta, eps, running_mean, running_var, momentum, training)
        raise NotImplementedError("BatchNorm1d.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        return ag.batchnorm1d(x, self.gamma, self.beta, self.eps,
                              self.running_mean, self.running_var, self.momentum, self.training)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now QConv, ConvBlock, QuantCNN, QLinear, QuantMLP forwards:

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: wq = self.wq.quant(self.weight); return ag.conv2d(x, wq, bias=None, stride, pad=1)
        raise NotImplementedError("QConv.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        wq = self.wq.quant(self.weight)
        return ag.conv2d(x, wq, bias=None, stride=self.stride, pad=1)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: h = aq(relu(bn(conv(x)))) -- in that order.
        raise NotImplementedError("ConvBlock.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        return self.aq(ag.relu(self.bn(self.conv(x))))

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, X) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: run the stem + blocks, global-average-pool, then the (2-bit) linear head.
        raise NotImplementedError("QuantCNN.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, X) -> Tensor:
        x = X if isinstance(X, Tensor) else Tensor(X)
        h = self.stem(x)
        for b in self.blocks:
            h = b(h)
        H = h.data.shape[2]
        h = ag.avgpool2d(h, H)
        N = h.data.shape[0]
        h = ag.reshape(h, (N, self.feat))
        wq = self.head_wq.quant(self.head_w)
        return ag.add(ag.matmul(h, wq), self.head_b)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: wq = self.wq.quant(self.weight); return ag.add(ag.matmul(x, wq), self.bias)
        raise NotImplementedError("QLinear.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        wq = self.wq.quant(self.weight)
        return ag.add(ag.matmul(x, wq), self.bias)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, X) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: x -> reshape (N, in_dim); for each layer L: h = L["aq"](relu(L["bn"](L["fc"](h))));
        # then return self.head(h).
        raise NotImplementedError("QuantMLP.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, X) -> Tensor:
        x = X if isinstance(X, Tensor) else Tensor(X)
        N = x.data.shape[0]
        h = ag.reshape(x, (N, self.in_dim))
        for L in self.layers:
            h = L["aq"](ag.relu(L["bn"](L["fc"](h))))
        return self.head(h)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now the extra layers/cells. Let me fill SiLU, ELU, GroupNorm, RNN/GRU/LSTM cells, PerChannel/Affine quants:

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: return ag.silu(x)
        raise NotImplementedError("SiLU.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        return ag.silu(x)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: return ag.elu(x, self.alpha)
        raise NotImplementedError("ELU.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        return ag.elu(x, self.alpha)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: return ag.groupnorm(x, self.gamma, self.beta, self.num_groups, self.eps)
        raise NotImplementedError("GroupNorm.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        return ag.groupnorm(x, self.gamma, self.beta, self.num_groups, self.eps)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, x: Tensor, h: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: return ag.tanh(x@Wx + h@Wh + b)
        raise NotImplementedError("RNNCell.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, x: Tensor, h: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        return ag.tanh(ag.add(ag.add(ag.matmul(x, self.Wx), ag.matmul(h, self.Wh)), self.b))

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, x: Tensor, h: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: implement the GRU update with the named weights above.
        raise NotImplementedError("GRUCell.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, x: Tensor, h: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        z = ag.sigmoid(ag.add(ag.add(ag.matmul(x, self.Wxz), ag.matmul(h, self.Whz)), self.bz))
        r = ag.sigmoid(ag.add(ag.add(ag.matmul(x, self.Wxr), ag.matmul(h, self.Whr)), self.br))
        n = ag.tanh(ag.add(ag.add(ag.matmul(x, self.Wxn), ag.matmul(ag.mul(r, h), self.Whn)), self.bn))
        one = Tensor(np.ones((), dtype=np.float64))
        return ag.add(ag.mul(ag.sub(one, z), n), ag.mul(z, h))

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, x: Tensor, h: Tensor, c: Tensor):
        # TODO: implement the LSTM update; return (h2, c2).
        raise NotImplementedError("LSTMCell.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, x: Tensor, h: Tensor, c: Tensor):
        i = ag.sigmoid(ag.add(ag.add(ag.matmul(x, self.Wxi), ag.matmul(h, self.Whi)), self.bi))
        f = ag.sigmoid(ag.add(ag.add(ag.matmul(x, self.Wxf), ag.matmul(h, self.Whf)), self.bf))
        g = ag.tanh(ag.add(ag.add(ag.matmul(x, self.Wxg), ag.matmul(h, self.Whg)), self.bg))
        o = ag.sigmoid(ag.add(ag.add(ag.matmul(x, self.Wxo), ag.matmul(h, self.Who)), self.bo))
        c2 = ag.add(ag.mul(f, c), ag.mul(i, g))
        h2 = ag.mul(o, ag.tanh(c2))
        return h2, c2

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def quant(self, w: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: return ag.fake_quant_per_channel(w, self.scale, self.neg, self.pos, axis=0)
        raise NotImplementedError("PerChannelWeightQuant.quant")
+ added
    def quant(self, w: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        return ag.fake_quant_per_channel(w, self.scale, self.neg, self.pos, axis=0)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: return ag.fake_quant_affine(x, self.scale, self.zero_point, self.neg, self.pos)
        raise NotImplementedError("AffineActQuant.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        return ag.fake_quant_affine(x, self.scale, self.zero_point, self.neg, self.pos)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now the v2 layers: RMSNorm, InstanceNorm2d, Embedding, ConvTranspose2d, DilatedConv2d, LSQPlusActQuant, QDWSepConv, QSepBlock, QuantSepCNN:

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: return ag.rms_norm(x, self.gamma, self.eps)
        raise NotImplementedError("RMSNorm.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        return ag.rms_norm(x, self.gamma, self.eps)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: return ag.instance_norm(x, self.gamma, self.beta, self.eps)
        raise NotImplementedError("InstanceNorm2d.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        return ag.instance_norm(x, self.gamma, self.beta, self.eps)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, idx) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: return ag.embedding(self.weight, idx)
        raise NotImplementedError("Embedding.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, idx) -> Tensor:
        return ag.embedding(self.weight, idx)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: return ag.conv_transpose2d(x, self.weight, bias=self.bias, stride=self.stride, pad=self.padding)
        raise NotImplementedError("ConvTranspose2d.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        return ag.conv_transpose2d(x, self.weight, bias=self.bias, stride=self.stride, pad=self.padding)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: return ag.conv2d_gen(x, self.weight, bias=self.bias, stride=self.stride,
        #                            pad=self.padding, dilation=self.dilation, groups=1)
        raise NotImplementedError("DilatedConv2d.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        return ag.conv2d_gen(x, self.weight, bias=self.bias, stride=self.stride,
                             pad=self.padding, dilation=self.dilation, groups=1)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: return ag.fake_quant_lsq_plus(x, self.scale, self.beta, self.neg, self.pos)
        raise NotImplementedError("LSQPlusActQuant.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        return ag.fake_quant_lsq_plus(x, self.scale, self.beta, self.neg, self.pos)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: depthwise conv2d_gen(groups=Cin) on the LSQ-quantized dw_weight, then pointwise
        #       conv2d_gen(groups=1) on the LSQ-quantized pw_weight.
        raise NotImplementedError("QDWSepConv.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        dwq = self.dw_wq.quant(self.dw_weight)
        h = ag.conv2d_gen(x, dwq, bias=None, stride=self.stride, pad=1, dilation=1, groups=self.Cin)
        pwq = self.pw_wq.quant(self.pw_weight)
        return ag.conv2d_gen(h, pwq, bias=None, stride=1, pad=0, dilation=1, groups=1)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: conv -> bn -> relu -> aq
        raise NotImplementedError("QSepBlock.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        return self.aq(ag.relu(self.bn(self.conv(x))))

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, X) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: stem -> blocks -> avgpool2d(full window) -> reshape (N,C) -> matmul(LSQ head) + bias
        raise NotImplementedError("QuantSepCNN.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, X) -> Tensor:
        x = X if isinstance(X, Tensor) else Tensor(X)
        h = self.stem(x)
        for b in self.blocks:
            h = b(h)
        H = h.data.shape[2]
        h = ag.avgpool2d(h, H)
        N = h.data.shape[0]
        h = ag.reshape(h, (N, self.feat))
        wq = self.head_wq.quant(self.head_w)
        return ag.add(ag.matmul(h, wq), self.head_b)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now optim.py. Let me implement all the optimizers and schedulers:

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    def step(self):
        # TODO: SGD(+momentum, +per-group weight decay) update. Iterate self._groups; for each
        # group use wd = self.weight_decay if override is None else override; keep a momentum
        # buffer per parameter (self._v is indexed in self.params order).
        raise NotImplementedError("SGD.step")
+ added
    def step(self):
        idx = 0
        for plist, wd_o in self._groups:
            wd = self.weight_decay if wd_o is None else wd_o
            for p in plist:
                i = idx
                idx += 1
                if p.grad is None:
                    continue
                g = p.grad + wd * p.data
                self._v[i] = self.momentum * self._v[i] + g
                p.data -= self.lr * self._v[i]

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    def step(self):
        # TODO: AdamW with bias correction + DECOUPLED, per-group weight decay (see docstring).
        raise NotImplementedError("AdamW.step")
+ added
    def step(self):
        self.t += 1
        t = self.t
        idx = 0
        for plist, wd_o in self._groups:
            wd = self.weight_decay if wd_o is None else wd_o
            for p in plist:
                i = idx
                idx += 1
                if p.grad is None:
                    continue
                g = p.grad
                self._m[i] = self.b1 * self._m[i] + (1 - self.b1) * g
                self._v[i] = self.b2 * self._v[i] + (1 - self.b2) * (g * g)
                mhat = self._m[i] / (1 - self.b1 ** t)
                vhat = self._v[i] / (1 - self.b2 ** t)
                p.data -= self.lr * (mhat / (np.sqrt(vhat) + self.eps) + wd * p.data)

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    def step(self):
        # TODO: Adam with bias correction + COUPLED, per-group weight decay (see docstring).
        raise NotImplementedError("Adam.step")
+ added
    def step(self):
        self.t += 1
        t = self.t
        idx = 0
        for plist, wd_o in self._groups:
            wd = self.weight_decay if wd_o is None else wd_o
            for p in plist:
                i = idx
                idx += 1
                if p.grad is None:
                    continue
                g = p.grad + wd * p.data
                self._m[i] = self.b1 * self._m[i] + (1 - self.b1) * g
                self._v[i] = self.b2 * self._v[i] + (1 - self.b2) * (g * g)
                mhat = self._m[i] / (1 - self.b1 ** t)
                vhat = self._v[i] / (1 - self.b2 ** t)
                p.data -= self.lr * mhat / (np.sqrt(vhat) + self.eps)

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    def step(self):
        # TODO: RMSprop update with per-group weight decay (see docstring).
        raise NotImplementedError("RMSprop.step")
+ added
    def step(self):
        idx = 0
        for plist, wd_o in self._groups:
            wd = self.weight_decay if wd_o is None else wd_o
            for p in plist:
                i = idx
                idx += 1
                if p.grad is None:
                    continue
                g = p.grad + wd * p.data
                self._s[i] = self.alpha * self._s[i] + (1 - self.alpha) * (g * g)
                p.data -= self.lr * g / (np.sqrt(self._s[i]) + self.eps)

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    def step(self):
        # TODO: Adagrad update with per-group weight decay (see docstring).
        raise NotImplementedError("Adagrad.step")
+ added
    def step(self):
        idx = 0
        for plist, wd_o in self._groups:
            wd = self.weight_decay if wd_o is None else wd_o
            for p in plist:
                i = idx
                idx += 1
                if p.grad is None:
                    continue
                g = p.grad + wd * p.data
                self._s[i] = self._s[i] + g * g
                p.data -= self.lr * g / (np.sqrt(self._s[i]) + self.eps)

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    def step(self):
        # TODO: Lion update with per-group (decoupled) weight decay (see docstring).
        raise NotImplementedError("Lion.step")
+ added
    def step(self):
        idx = 0
        for plist, wd_o in self._groups:
            wd = self.weight_decay if wd_o is None else wd_o
            for p in plist:
                i = idx
                idx += 1
                if p.grad is None:
                    continue
                g = p.grad
                upd = np.sign(self.b1 * self._m[i] + (1 - self.b1) * g)
                p.data -= self.lr * (upd + wd * p.data)
                self._m[i] = self.b2 * self._m[i] + (1 - self.b2) * g

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now the schedulers and clip_grad_norm:

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    ``base_lr`` to ``min_lr`` over the remaining (total - warmup) steps. Return the LR at ``step``."""
    # TODO
    raise NotImplementedError("cosine_lr")
+ added
    ``base_lr`` to ``min_lr`` over the remaining (total - warmup) steps. Return the LR at ``step``."""
    if warmup > 0 and step < warmup:
        return base_lr * (step + 1) / warmup
    prog = min(1.0, max(0.0, (step - warmup) / max(1, total - warmup)))
    return min_lr + 0.5 * (base_lr - min_lr) * (1 + math.cos(math.pi * prog))

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    constant ``base_lr``."""
    # TODO
    raise NotImplementedError("warmup_lr")
+ added
    constant ``base_lr``."""
    if step < warmup:
        return base_lr * (step + 1) / warmup
    return base_lr

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    """Step decay: base_lr * gamma ** (step // step_size)."""
    # TODO
    raise NotImplementedError("step_lr")
+ added
    """Step decay: base_lr * gamma ** (step // step_size)."""
    return base_lr * (gamma ** (step // step_size))

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    """Exponential decay: base_lr * gamma ** step."""
    # TODO
    raise NotImplementedError("exponential_lr")
+ added
    """Exponential decay: base_lr * gamma ** step."""
    return base_lr * (gamma ** step)

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    # TODO: compute the global L2 norm over all param grads; scale in place if it exceeds max_norm.
    raise NotImplementedError("clip_grad_norm")
+ added
    total = 0.0
    for p in params:
        if p.grad is not None:
            total += float((p.grad ** 2).sum())
    total = math.sqrt(total)
    if total > max_norm:
        scale = max_norm / (total + 1e-6)
        for p in params:
            if p.grad is not None:
                p.grad = p.grad * scale
    return total

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now Adamax, NAdam, Adadelta, NesterovSGD:

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    def step(self):
        # TODO: implement the Adamax update honouring per-group weight decay.
        raise NotImplementedError("Adamax.step")
+ added
    def step(self):
        self.t += 1
        t = self.t
        idx = 0
        for plist, wd_o in self._groups:
            wd = self.weight_decay if wd_o is None else wd_o
            for p in plist:
                i = idx
                idx += 1
                if p.grad is None:
                    continue
                g = p.grad + wd * p.data
                self._m[i] = self.b1 * self._m[i] + (1 - self.b1) * g
                self._u[i] = np.maximum(self.b2 * self._u[i], np.abs(g))
                p.data -= (self.lr / (1 - self.b1 ** t)) * self._m[i] / (self._u[i] + self.eps)

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    def step(self):
        # TODO: implement the NAdam update honouring per-group weight decay.
        raise NotImplementedError("NAdam.step")
+ added
    def step(self):
        self.t += 1
        t = self.t
        idx = 0
        for plist, wd_o in self._groups:
            wd = self.weight_decay if wd_o is None else wd_o
            for p in plist:
                i = idx
                idx += 1
                if p.grad is None:
                    continue
                g = p.grad + wd * p.data
                self._m[i] = self.b1 * self._m[i] + (1 - self.b1) * g
                self._v[i] = self.b2 * self._v[i] + (1 - self.b2) * (g * g)
                mhat = (self.b1 * self._m[i] / (1 - self.b1 ** (t + 1))
                        + (1 - self.b1) * g / (1 - self.b1 ** t))
                vhat = self._v[i] / (1 - self.b2 ** t)
                p.data -= self.lr * mhat / (np.sqrt(vhat) + self.eps)

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    def step(self):
        # TODO: implement the Adadelta update honouring per-group weight decay.
        raise NotImplementedError("Adadelta.step")
+ added
    def step(self):
        idx = 0
        for plist, wd_o in self._groups:
            wd = self.weight_decay if wd_o is None else wd_o
            for p in plist:
                i = idx
                idx += 1
                if p.grad is None:
                    continue
                g = p.grad + wd * p.data
                self._s[i] = self.rho * self._s[i] + (1 - self.rho) * (g * g)
                delta = np.sqrt(self._d[i] + self.eps) / np.sqrt(self._s[i] + self.eps) * g
                p.data -= self.lr * delta
                self._d[i] = self.rho * self._d[i] + (1 - self.rho) * (delta * delta)

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    def step(self):
        # TODO: implement the Nesterov-SGD update honouring per-group weight decay.
        raise NotImplementedError("NesterovSGD.step")
+ added
    def step(self):
        idx = 0
        for plist, wd_o in self._groups:
            wd = self.weight_decay if wd_o is None else wd_o
            for p in plist:
                i = idx
                idx += 1
                if p.grad is None:
                    continue
                g = p.grad + wd * p.data
                self._v[i] = self.momentum * self._v[i] + g
                p.data -= self.lr * (g + self.momentum * self._v[i])

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now the extra schedulers:

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    """Polynomial decay: min_lr + (base_lr - min_lr) * (1 - step/total)^power (clamped at total)."""
    # TODO
    raise NotImplementedError("polynomial_lr")
+ added
    """Polynomial decay: min_lr + (base_lr - min_lr) * (1 - step/total)^power (clamped at total)."""
    prog = min(1.0, max(0.0, step / total))
    return min_lr + (base_lr - min_lr) * ((1 - prog) ** power)

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    """Linear decay from base_lr to min_lr over ``total`` steps, then constant at min_lr."""
    # TODO
    raise NotImplementedError("linear_lr")
+ added
    """Linear decay from base_lr to min_lr over ``total`` steps, then constant at min_lr."""
    prog = min(1.0, max(0.0, step / total))
    return base_lr + (min_lr - base_lr) * prog

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    """base_lr * gamma^(number of milestones <= step)."""
    # TODO
    raise NotImplementedError("multistep_lr")
+ added
    """base_lr * gamma^(number of milestones <= step)."""
    return base_lr * (gamma ** sum(1 for m in milestones if step >= m))

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    """Cosine annealing with warm restarts of fixed ``period`` (cosine within each period)."""
    # TODO
    raise NotImplementedError("cosine_restarts_lr")
+ added
    """Cosine annealing with warm restarts of fixed ``period`` (cosine within each period)."""
    t = step % period
    return min_lr + 0.5 * (base_lr - min_lr) * (1 + math.cos(math.pi * (t / period)))

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now let me run the public checks (all but training):

Run all public checks quiet

shell
python3 run_checks.py --quiet 2>&1 | tail -20
output
------------------------------------------------------------------------
autograd_grads 115/115 | quant_grads 21/21 | nn_forward 53/53 | optim 25/25 | integration 6/6 | data 2/2
TOTAL  222/222 public checks passing
All public checks pass. Now train qat_model.npz to clear the held-out top-1 threshold (the grader re-checks components with DIFFERENT seeds).
All 222 public checks pass. Now let me write the training loop. Let me implement train.py:

/app/submission/train.py

− removed
def train(data_path, out_path, epochs=30, seed=0, n_classes=10):
    # TODO: load + normalize the data; build QuantCNN(n_classes, WIDTHS, seed); initialize the LSQ
    # step sizes; build the optimizer with weight decay only on the conv/head weights; run the QAT
    # loop (forward -> cross_entropy -> backward -> clip_grad_norm -> step) with an LR schedule;
    # keep your best epoch; BAKE the quantized weights; save the state_dict to out_path.
    raise NotImplementedError("implement the QAT training loop")
+ added
def init_lsq_scales(model):
    """LSQ step-size init: weight scales from the weight magnitudes (a default 1.0 kills the net),
    activation scales to a small positive constant (learnable, adapts during QAT)."""
    nps = model.named_params()
    for nm, p in nps.items():
        if nm.endswith("wq.scale"):
            wkey = nm[:-len("wq.scale")] + "weight"
            val = 2.0 * float(np.mean(np.abs(nps[wkey].data)))
            p.data[...] = max(val, 1e-2)
        elif nm.endswith("aq.scale"):
            p.data[...] = 0.5


def evaluate(model, Xn, y, batch=256):
    model.set_training(False)
    correct = 0
    for s in range(0, len(Xn), batch):
        xb = Xn[s:s + batch]
        logits = model(xb).data
        pred = logits.argmax(axis=1)
        correct += int((pred == y[s:s + batch]).sum())
    model.set_training(True)
    return correct / len(Xn)


def bake_weights(model):
    """Replace each conv/head weight with its LSQ-quantized values so the saved tensor lands on the
    2-bit grid (<=4 distinct floats) and passes the bit audit."""
    nps = model.named_params()
    W_NEG, W_POS = 2, 1
    for nm, p in nps.items():
        if nm.endswith("wq.scale"):
            wkey = nm[:-len("wq.scale")] + "weight"
            w = nps[wkey]
            s = float(p.data.reshape(()))
            s = s if abs(s) > 1e-12 else 1e-12
            q = np.round(np.clip(w.data / s, -W_NEG, W_POS))
            w.data[...] = q * s


def train(data_path, out_path, epochs=50, seed=0, n_c
…[truncated 2036 chars]

contents
The file /app/submission/train.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Let me do a quick 3-epoch smoke run to check timing and trajectory:

Smoke test training 3 epochs

shell
cd /app/submission && time python3 -c "
import train
train.train('/app/data/train.npz','/tmp/test.npz',epochs=3,seed=0)
" 2>&1 | tail -15
Final diff , what the agent changed

No file changes, the agent left the workspace untouched.

Verifier output , the proof behind the reward
tests/test.sh
=== SyncVals verifier (local re-grade of the agent's own checkpoint) ===

COMPONENT CONFORMANCE SUITE: 278/278 cases passed  (all milestones pass: True)
FINAL METRIC: held-out INT2 top-1 = 0.846  >= threshold 0.7

REWARD = 1   (1 iff every component milestone passes AND the sealed held-out metric clears its threshold)

NOTE: the in-sandbox training in the 481MB e2b box was OOM-killed (0-byte checkpoint), so the raw
in-sandbox reward was an infrastructure artifact. This reward is from a faithful LOCAL re-train of the
agent's OWN train.py (24GB, no OOM) with its own default hyperparameters, then re-graded by the real verifier.

Reproduce this trial: git checkout 2f94510 && PYTHONPATH=src python3 scripts/build_site.py , then open trial/trial_6d4d55620daa45fe. Re-running the agent live requires EVAL_PLATFORM_ENABLE_OAUTH_SMOKE=1 and is non-deterministic.

Trial trial_6d4d55620daa45fe · verifier authoritative; classifier explanatory.