SyncValsverifier → artifact → classifier → verdict
SyncVals · Trajectory

qat-int2-cifar

claude-code claude-opus-4-8 ✓ resolved GOOD_SUCCESS ↑ View task
Solved from the instruction alone, tests/ and solution/ were withheld from the agent's workspace and restored only for grading.
Reward = tests/test.sh exit code (0 → resolved); the classification below is post-hoc and cannot change it.
Classification , post-hoc; cannot change the reward
GOOD_SUCCESSLegitimate solve, implements the asked-for behavior; tests verify real functionality.
SubtypeLegitimate Solution
EvidenceVerifier output: 'COMPONENT CONFORMANCE SUITE: 278/278 cases passed (all milestones pass: True)' and 'FINAL METRIC: held-out INT2 top-1 = 0.8673 >= threshold 0.7'. Result.json shows reward=1.0. Trial passing all 278 component conformance test cases (autograd_grads, quant_grads, nn_forward, optim, integration, data) plus held-out metric verification indicates successful implementation of: reverse-mode autodiff with all required operations (conv2d, batchnorm, pooling, LSQ fake-quantizer with straight-through-estimator), all neural network layers, optimizers with per-parameter group weight decay, data pipeline, and QAT training that achieved INT-2 quantization while maintaining 86.73% accuracy on held-out test set (22.9 percentage points above 70% threshold).
Root causeClaude Opus successfully implemented a complete numpy-only deep learning framework with reverse-mode autodiff and LSQ quantization from stub code, then trained an INT-2 quantized CNN to exceed the held-out accuracy threshold. The complexity and breadth of the task (278 distinct test cases across 6 milestones) combined with a ~23pt margin above threshold indicates genuine implementation and training competence, not pattern-matching or luck.
RecommendationN/A - task is fine
Trajectory
Tool-by-tool agent trajectory
275 tool calls · 3 tool types · 299 steps
Agent session started, model: claude-opus-4-8 · 29 tools available · cwd: /app
I'll start by exploring the structure of the task and understanding the stubs.

Explore app structure

shell
ls -la && echo "---SUBMISSION---" && ls -la submission/ && echo "---DATA---" && ls -la data/ && echo "---run_checks---" && head -50 run_checks.py
output
total 117
drwxr-xr-x  4 user user  4096 Jun 30 23:56 .
drwxr-xr-x 21 root root  4096 Jun 30 23:56 ..
-rw-r--r--  1 user user 15364 Jun 30 23:56 PROMPT.txt
-rw-r--r--  1 user user     5 Jun 30 23:56 agent.pid
-rw-r--r--  1 user user     0 Jun 30 23:56 agent.stderr
-rw-r--r--  1 user user  4568 Jun 30 23:56 agent_trajectory.jsonl
drwxr-xr-x  2 user user    60 Jun 30 23:56 data
-rw-r--r--  1 user user     0 Jun 30 23:56 run.log
-rwxr-xr-x  1 user user 76773 Jun 30 10:02 run_checks.py
drwxr-xr-x  2 user user   128 Jun 30 23:56 submission
-rwxr-xr-x  1 user user   804 Jun 30 10:02 test.sh
-rwxr-xr-x  1 user user   629 Jun 30 10:02 timer.sh
---SUBMISSION---
total 112
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user   128 Jun 30 23:56 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 user user  4096 Jun 30 23:56 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user 50472 Jun 30 10:02 autograd.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  1661 Jun 30 10:02 data.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user 33295 Jun 30 10:02 nn.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user 11509 Jun 30 10:02 optim.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  2827 Jun 30 10:02 train.py
---DATA---
total 1900
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user      60 Jun 30 23:56 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 user user    4096 Jun 30 23:56 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user 1940490 Jun 30 10:02 train.npz
---run_checks---
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""PUBLIC component check runner for the from-scratch numpy QAT framework.

Run this AS OFTEN AS YOU LIKE while you implement, to get a per-check progress signal:

    python3 /app/run_checks.py                       # check the framework in /app/submission
    python3 /app/run
…[truncated 2699 chars]

/app/submission/autograd.py

contents
1	"""Reverse-mode automatic differentiation over numpy arrays.
2	
3	YOU MUST IMPLEMENT EVERYTHING MARKED ``# TODO`` / ``raise NotImplementedError`` using numpy
4	ONLY. No torch/jax/tensorflow/autograd/etc. The grader's conformance suite (a) differentiates the
5	differentiable ops below with central finite differences and compares against YOUR analytic
6	backward, and (b) checks the LSQ ``fake_quant`` STE + scale gradient against the reference
7	definition, so every backward must be correct (a single wrong reduction / STE / Jacobian fails
8	the gradient checks and zeroes the reward).
9	
10	A ``Tensor`` wraps one ``numpy.ndarray`` (stored as ``float64`` in ``self.data``) and records the
11	op that produced it so ``.backward()`` can accumulate ``.grad`` into every leaf.
12	
13	CONTRACT (the grader builds its own reference against this exact API):
14	* ``Tensor(data, requires_grad=False)`` -- ``self.data`` is ``float64``; ``self.grad`` is None
15	  until backward, then a same-shape ``float64`` array. requires_grad leaves accumulate grad.
16	* Every op returns a NEW Tensor whose ``requires_grad`` is the OR of its differentiable inputs,
17	  and whose ``_backward`` closure does ``input._accum(local_grad)`` (so multiple paths add up).
18	* ``t.backward(grad=None)`` -- seeds ``grad`` (all-ones for a scalar) and walks the graph in
19	  reverse topological order, calling each node's ``_backward``. Repeated backward accumulates.
20	* BROADCASTING: binary ops broadcast like numpy; the ba
…[truncated 54775 chars]
Now let me read the rest of the stub files.

/app/submission/nn.py

contents
1	"""QAT layers + a small INT2 CNN, built on YOUR autograd engine.
2	
3	Implement every ``# TODO`` forward (the parameters + ``named_params``/``buffers`` naming are
4	already wired for you; you compose the autograd ops). The grader checks each layer's forward
5	against its OWN reference AND finite-difference-checks the gradients that flow through your
6	autograd, so the composition must be exactly right.
7	
8	CHECKPOINT NAMING CONTRACT (the grader loads YOUR ``qat_model.npz`` into its own reference
9	QuantCNN by these exact keys/shapes -- do not rename):
10	  stem.conv.weight (W0,3,3,3) | stem.conv.wq.scale (1,) | stem.bn.gamma/.beta (W0,) | stem.aq.scale (1,)
11	  blocks.{i}.conv.weight (Cout,Cin,3,3) | blocks.{i}.conv.wq.scale (1,)
12	  blocks.{i}.bn.gamma/.beta (Cout,) | blocks.{i}.aq.scale (1,)
13	  head.weight (Cfeat,n_classes) | head.wq.scale (1,) | head.bias (n_classes,)
14	BN running stats are BUFFERS (saved alongside params, NOT trained by the optimizer, NOT audited):
15	  stem.bn.running_mean/.running_var (W0,) | blocks.{i}.bn.running_mean/.running_var (Cout,)
16	
17	Quantization: every conv/head WEIGHT is LSQ-quantized to a signed 2-bit grid {-2,-1,0,1} via a
18	per-tensor learnable step before use; every block activation (post-relu) is LSQ-quantized to an
19	unsigned 2-bit grid {0,1,2,3}. Conv = 3x3 same-padding cross-correlation. Linear head = x@weight+bias.
20	"""
21	from __future__ import annotations
22	
23	from typing import Dict, List
24	
25	import numpy as n
…[truncated 35167 chars]

/app/submission/optim.py

contents
1	"""Optimizers over autograd ``Tensor`` parameters.
2	
3	Implement the ``# TODO`` update math. Both optimizers update ``param.data`` IN PLACE using
4	``param.grad``. The grader runs one (and several) steps and compares your updated params against
5	its reference within a tight tolerance, so the math must be exact.
6	
7	SGD (with momentum ``mu`` and coupled weight decay ``wd``):
8	    g = grad + wd * param;  v = mu * v + g;  param -= lr * v
9	
10	AdamW (DECOUPLED weight decay -- the decay is applied to the PARAM, not folded into the moments):
11	    m = b1*m + (1-b1)*g;  v = b2*v + (1-b2)*g^2
12	    mhat = m / (1 - b1^t);  vhat = v / (1 - b2^t)        # t = 1-based step count
13	    param -= lr * ( mhat / (sqrt(vhat) + eps) + wd * param )
14	
15	PARAM GROUPS: both optimizers must accept EITHER a flat param list OR a list of
16	``{"params": [...], "weight_decay": wd}`` dicts, so weight decay can be applied to SOME params
17	and not others. This matters for low-bit LSQ QAT: the per-tensor quantizer ``scale`` params,
18	BatchNorm gamma/beta, and biases must be EXCLUDED from weight decay. ``_normalize_groups`` and
19	``split_decay_params`` are provided; honour the per-group weight decay in ``step``.
20	"""
21	from __future__ import annotations
22	
23	import math
24	
25	from typing import Dict, List
26	
27	import numpy as np
28	
29	from autograd import Tensor
30	
31	
32	def split_decay_params(model) -> Dict[str, List[Tensor]]:
33	    """Partition a model's named params into weight
…[truncated 11129 chars]

/app/submission/data.py

contents
1	"""Image data loading + normalization + batching.
2	
3	The dataset is a procedurally-generated CIFAR-style set: ``X`` is ``uint8`` (N,3,S,S) in [0,255],
4	``y`` is the integer class label in [0, n_classes). The shipped training split is at
5	``/app/data/train.npz``; the SEALED held-out split is regenerated by the verifier (never shipped).
6	
7	Implement the ``# TODO`` bodies (numpy only). The verifier normalizes the held-out split with the
8	SAME transform, so match it exactly.
9	
10	Contract:
11	  load_npz(path) -> (X uint8 (N,3,S,S), y int64 (N,))       [provided]
12	  normalize(X)   -> float64: x = (X/255 - 0.5) / 0.25       [per-channel, the grader's transform]
13	  iter_minibatches(Xn, y, batch_size, rng, shuffle=True) -> yields (xb, yb)
14	"""
15	from __future__ import annotations
16	
17	from typing import Tuple
18	
19	import numpy as np
20	
21	NORM_MEAN = 0.5
22	NORM_STD = 0.25
23	
24	
25	def load_npz(path: str) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]:
26	    d = np.load(path)
27	    X = np.asarray(d["X"]).astype(np.uint8)
28	    y = np.asarray(d["y"]).astype(np.int64).reshape(-1)
29	    return X, y
30	
31	
32	def normalize(X: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
33	    """uint8 (N,3,S,S) -> float64, x = (X/255 - NORM_MEAN) / NORM_STD."""
34	    # TODO: cast to float, scale to [0,1], subtract NORM_MEAN, divide by NORM_STD.
35	    raise NotImplementedError("normalize")
36	
37	
38	def iter_minibatches(Xn: np.ndarray, y: np.ndarray, batch_size: int,
39	                     rng: np.rando
…[truncated 281 chars]

/app/submission/train.py

contents
1	"""Training entry point. Implement the QAT loop, train your INT2 CNN on /app/data/train.npz, and
2	SAVE the checkpoint to /app/submission/qat_model.npz (numpy .npz of the model state_dict: every
3	param + every BN running buffer, by the nn.QuantCNN naming contract).
4	
5	The grader (verify.py) will:
6	  (1) run the conformance suite over your autograd/nn/optim,
7	  (2) BIT-AUDIT every conv/head weight tensor in your checkpoint to <= 4 distinct float values,
8	  (3) load your weights into its OWN QuantCNN and score held-out top-1 on a SEALED split.
9	
10	So at SAVE time you must BAKE the quantized weights back into each ``weight`` tensor (replace it
11	with round(clip(w/s, -W_NEG, W_POS)) * s using the learned wq.scale) so the saved weights already
12	lie on the 2-bit grid and pass the audit. Reaching the top-1 floor at INT-2 needs a real recipe:
13	sensible LSQ STEP-SIZE INITIALIZATION (a default scale of 1.0 quantizes the small init weights to
14	all-zeros -> a dead network at chance), per-tensor learnable scales, weight decay EXCLUDED from the
15	scale/BN/bias params, gradient clipping, a decaying LR, and enough epochs. Naive post-training
16	rounding or under-training lands at chance.
17	
18	This file is a skeleton; the loop body is yours to write.
19	"""
20	from __future__ import annotations
21	
22	import argparse
23	import os
24	import sys
25	
26	import numpy as np
27	
28	sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
29	sys.path.insert(0, "/app")
30	
3
…[truncated 1513 chars]
Let me look at key parts of run_checks.py to understand exact conventions tested.

Survey run_checks structure

shell
grep -n "def check\|def _ref\|fake_quant\|grad_scale\|def case\|milestone\|MILESTONE\|def run_\|tol\|atol\|rtol" /app/run_checks.py | head -80
output
8:    python3 /app/run_checks.py --only autograd_grads  # run one milestone
22:  * quant_grads    : the LSQ fake_quant STE indicator + scale-gradient CLIP RULES (the exact
26:                     fake_quant lands on the integer grid, the full models run + shapes).
40:reward = 1 from the grader iff (every component milestone fully passes on the held-out cases) AND
124:def check_autograd_grads(fw, sb):
130:    def case(name, build, shape, seed, upstream=None):
584:def check_quant_grads(fw, sb):
591:        out = ag.fake_quant(vt, st, Qn, Qp)
626:        # for an entirely IN-RANGE tensor, ds == sum( (round(r) - r) ) * grad_scale. Keep every
653:            out = ag.fake_quant(ag.Tensor(v0), ag.Tensor([scale]), Qn, Qp).data
673:            out = ag.fake_quant_per_channel(vt, st, Qn, Qp, axis=0)
697:            ag.fake_quant_per_channel(vt, st, 2, 1, axis=0).backward(up.copy())
716:            out = ag.fake_quant_affine(vt, st, zp, Qn, Qp)
743:            out = ag.fake_quant_lsq_plus(vt, st, bt, Qn, Qp)
764:            o1 = ag.fake_quant_lsq_plus(vt, st, bt, 2, 1); o1.backward(up.copy())
766:            o2 = ag.fake_quant(vt2, st2, 2, 1); o2.backward(up.copy())
769:            results.append(("quant/lsqplus_reduces_to_fake_quant", ok, ""))
771:            results.append(("quant/lsqplus_reduces_to_fake_quant", False, f"raised {type(e).__name__}: {e}"))
778:def check_nn_forward(fw, sb):
883:        out = ag.fake_quant(T(x), T([s]), 2, 1).data
892:        out = ag.fake_quant(T(x), T(
…[truncated 782 chars]

/app/run_checks.py

contents
584	def check_quant_grads(fw, sb):
585	    ag = fw["autograd"]
586	    results = []
587	
588	    def grads(v0, s0, Qn, Qp, up):
589	        vt = ag.Tensor(v0.copy(), requires_grad=True)
590	        st = ag.Tensor(np.array([s0]), requires_grad=True)
591	        out = ag.fake_quant(vt, st, Qn, Qp)
592	        out.backward(up.copy())
593	        return np.asarray(vt.grad, np.float64), np.asarray(st.grad, np.float64), out.data.copy()
594	
595	    def ste_indicator(name, seed, Qn, Qp, s0):
596	        try:
597	            rng = np.random.default_rng(sb + seed)
598	            v0 = rng.standard_normal((5, 5)) * 2.0
599	            up = rng.standard_normal((5, 5))
600	            gv, _, _ = grads(v0, s0, Qn, Qp, up)
601	            r = v0 / s0
602	            middle = (r >= -Qn) & (r <= Qp)
603	            expected = up * middle
604	            ok = _max_abs(gv, expected) < 1e-9 and np.all(gv[~middle] == 0.0)
605	            results.append((f"quant/{name}", ok, f"err={_max_abs(gv, expected):.1e}"))
606	        except Exception as e:  # noqa: BLE001
607	            results.append((f"quant/{name}", False, f"raised {type(e).__name__}: {e}"))
608	    ste_indicator("ste_indicator_w", 60, 2, 1, 0.7)
609	    ste_indicator("ste_indicator_a", 61, 0, 3, 0.5)
610	
611	    def scale_clip(name, seed, Qn, Qp, s0, fill, bound):
612	        try:
613	            v0 = np.full((4, 4), fill)
614	            up = np.ones((4, 4))
615	            _, gs, _ = grads(v0, s0, Qn, Qp, up)
616	            gscale
…[truncated 10053 chars]

/app/run_checks.py

contents
124	def check_autograd_grads(fw, sb):
125	    ag = fw["autograd"]
126	    nn = fw["nn"]
127	    T = ag.Tensor
128	    results = []
129	
130	    def case(name, build, shape, seed, upstream=None):
131	        try:
132	            rng = np.random.default_rng(sb + seed)
133	            x0 = rng.standard_normal(shape)
134	
135	            def wrapped(t):
136	                o = build(t)
137	                return ag.mul(o, T(upstream)) if upstream is not None else o
138	            t = T(x0.copy(), requires_grad=True)
139	            ag.sum(wrapped(t)).backward()
140	            gan = np.asarray(t.grad, np.float64)
141	            gnum = _num_grad_input(lambda xv: wrapped(T(xv)).data, x0.copy())
142	            err = _max_abs(gan, gnum)
143	            results.append((f"grad/{name}", err < TOL_GRAD, f"max_abs={err:.2e}"))
144	        except Exception as e:  # noqa: BLE001
145	            results.append((f"grad/{name}", False, f"raised {type(e).__name__}: {e}"))
146	
147	    # element-wise binary
148	    case("add_bcast", lambda t: ag.add(t, T(np.arange(t.shape[-1], dtype=float) + 1.0)), (4, 5), 1)
149	    case("sub_bcast", lambda t: ag.sub(t, T(np.arange(t.shape[-1], dtype=float) + 1.0)), (4, 5), 2)
150	    case("mul_bcast", lambda t: ag.mul(t, T(np.arange(t.shape[-1], dtype=float) + 1.0)), (4, 5), 3)
151	    case("div", lambda t: ag.div(t, T(np.full((4, 5), 2.0))), (4, 5), 4)
152	    case("div_denom", lambda t: ag.div(T(np.full((4, 5), 3.0)), ag.add(t, T(5.0))), (4, 5), 5)
153	  
…[truncated 10200 chars]

/app/run_checks.py

contents
324	            results.append((f"grad/{name}", _max_abs(np.asarray(xt.grad), gnum) < TOL_GRAD, ""))
325	        except Exception as e:  # noqa: BLE001
326	            results.append((f"grad/{name}", False, f"raised {type(e).__name__}: {e}"))
327	    layer_grad("nn.Linear_x", lambda r: nn.Linear(5, 3, r), (4, 5), 70)
328	    layer_grad("nn.MLP_x", lambda r: nn.MLP(8, 16, r), (2, 3, 8), 71)
329	    layer_grad("nn.LayerNorm_x", lambda r: nn.LayerNorm(5), (4, 5), 72)
330	    layer_grad("nn.Conv2d_x", lambda r: nn.Conv2d(2, 3, 3, r, 1, 1), (2, 2, 5, 5), 73)
331	    layer_grad("nn.AvgPool2d_x", lambda r: nn.AvgPool2d(2), (2, 3, 6, 6), 74)
332	
333	    # full quantized model: loss must DECREASE and grads must be finite (the deep STE backprop
334	    # composes -- the grader checks these grads to the reference exactly).
335	    def quant_model_backprop(name, build, make_X, seed):
336	        try:
337	            m = build(sb + seed)
338	            nps = m.named_params()
339	            for nm, p in nps.items():
340	                if nm.endswith("wq.scale"):
341	                    wkey = nm[:-len("wq.scale")] + "weight"
342	                    p.data[...] = _imax(2.0 * float(np.mean(np.abs(nps[wkey].data))), 1e-2)
343	                elif nm.endswith("aq.scale"):
344	                    p.data[...] = 1.0
345	            m.set_training(True)
346	            X = make_X(sb + seed + 5)
347	            tgt = np.array([0, 2])
348	            for p in m.params():
349	                p.gr
…[truncated 15339 chars]

/app/run_checks.py

contents
1106	def check_optim(fw, sb):
1107	    ag = fw["autograd"]
1108	    opt = fw["optim"]
1109	    T = ag.Tensor
1110	    results = []
1111	
1112	    def mk(seed):
1113	        rng = np.random.default_rng(seed)
1114	        return [T(rng.standard_normal((4, 3)), requires_grad=True), T(rng.standard_normal(3), requires_grad=True)]
1115	
1116	    def run(name, opt_fn, ref_step, nsteps, gseed):
1117	        try:
1118	            ps = mk(sb + 500)
1119	            ref = [p.data.copy() for p in ps]
1120	            o = opt_fn(ps)
1121	            st = {}
1122	            for s in range(nsteps):
1123	                grng = np.random.default_rng(gseed + s)
1124	                grads = [grng.standard_normal(p.data.shape) for p in ps]
1125	                for p, g in zip(ps, grads):
1126	                    p.grad = g.copy()
1127	                o.step()
1128	                ref = [ref_step(i, ref[i], grads[i].copy(), s + 1, st) for i in range(len(ps))]
1129	            err = max(_max_abs(p.data, ref[i]) for i, p in enumerate(ps))
1130	            results.append((f"optim/{name}", err < TOL_OPT, f"max_abs={err:.1e}"))
1131	        except Exception as e:  # noqa: BLE001
1132	            results.append((f"optim/{name}", False, f"raised {type(e).__name__}: {e}"))
1133	
1134	    def sgd_step(lr, mu, wd):
1135	        def f(i, p, g, t, st):
1136	            v = st.get(("v", i), np.zeros_like(p))
1137	            g = g + wd * p
1138	            v = mu * v + g
1139	            st[("v", i)] = v
114
…[truncated 11079 chars]

/app/run_checks.py

contents
1345	# ======================================================================= integration
1346	def check_integration(fw, sb):
1347	    ag = fw["autograd"]
1348	    nn = fw["nn"]
1349	    opt = fw["optim"]
1350	    results = []
1351	
1352	    def init_scales(m):
1353	        nps = m.named_params()
1354	        for nm, p in nps.items():
1355	            if nm.endswith("wq.scale"):
1356	                wkey = nm[:-len("wq.scale")] + "weight"
1357	                p.data[...] = _imax(2.0 * float(np.mean(np.abs(nps[wkey].data))), 1e-2)
1358	            elif nm.endswith("aq.scale"):
1359	                p.data[...] = 1.0
1360	
1361	    def overfit_loss(m, opt_build, X, y, nsteps):
1362	        # repeatedly train on ONE fixed (X, y) batch: a correct forward+backward+optimizer drives
1363	        # the loss DOWN on a memorizable batch. A broken backward keeps it flat/NaN.
1364	        m.set_training(True)
1365	        g = opt.split_decay_params(m)
1366	        o = opt_build(g)
1367	        losses = []
1368	        for _ in range(nsteps):
1369	            loss = ag.cross_entropy(m(X), y)
1370	            o.zero_grad(); loss.backward(); opt.clip_grad_norm(m.params(), 2.0); o.step()
1371	            losses.append(float(loss.data))
1372	        return losses
1373	
1374	    def qcnn_run():
1375	        m = nn.QuantCNN(6, widths=(8, 16), seed=sb + 5)
1376	        init_scales(m)
1377	        rng = np.random.default_rng(sb)
1378	        X = rng.standard_normal((8, 3, 16, 16)); y = rng.intege
…[truncated 4701 chars]

/app/run_checks.py

contents
778	def check_nn_forward(fw, sb):
779	    ag = fw["autograd"]
780	    nn = fw["nn"]
781	    T = ag.Tensor
782	    results = []
783	
784	    def prop(name, fn):
785	        try:
786	            ok, info = fn()
787	            results.append((f"fwd/{name}", ok, info))
788	        except Exception as e:  # noqa: BLE001
789	            results.append((f"fwd/{name}", False, f"raised {type(e).__name__}: {e}"))
790	
791	    def softmax_sums():
792	        x = np.random.default_rng(sb + 1).standard_normal((4, 5))
793	        s = ag.softmax(T(x), -1).data
794	        err = _max_abs(s.sum(-1), np.ones(4))
795	        return err < TOL_PROP and bool((s >= 0).all()), f"row_sum_err={err:.1e}"
796	
797	    def logsoftmax_matches():
798	        x = np.random.default_rng(sb + 3).standard_normal((4, 5))
799	        return _max_abs(ag.log_softmax(T(x), -1).data, np.log(ag.softmax(T(x), -1).data)) < 1e-6, ""
800	
801	    def relu_def():
802	        x = np.random.default_rng(sb + 4).standard_normal((4, 5))
803	        return _max_abs(ag.relu(T(x)).data, np.maximum(x, 0)) < TOL_PROP, ""
804	
805	    def leaky_def():
806	        x = np.random.default_rng(sb + 5).standard_normal((4, 5))
807	        return _max_abs(ag.leaky_relu(T(x), 0.1).data, np.where(x > 0, x, 0.1 * x)) < TOL_PROP, ""
808	
809	    def sigmoid_def():
810	        x = np.random.default_rng(sb + 6).standard_normal((4, 5))
811	        return _max_abs(ag.sigmoid(T(x)).data, 1 / (1 + np.exp(-x))) < 1e-6, ""
812	
813	    def tanh_def():

…[truncated 15797 chars]
I now have a full understanding. Let me implement everything, starting with `autograd.py`. First the `backward` topological walk.

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
        TODO: implement the topological walk + seeding. (The per-op ``_backward`` closures do the
        local accumulation; here you only orchestrate the order + seed ``self.grad``.)
        """
        raise NotImplementedError("Tensor.backward")
+ added
        TODO: implement the topological walk + seeding. (The per-op ``_backward`` closures do the
        local accumulation; here you only orchestrate the order + seed ``self.grad``.)
        """
        if grad is None:
            grad = np.ones_like(self.data)
        else:
            grad = _as_f64(grad)
        self._accum(grad)

        topo: List[Tensor] = []
        visited = set()

        def build(t: "Tensor"):
            if id(t) in visited:
                return
            visited.add(id(t))
            for p in t._parents:
                build(p)
            topo.append(t)

        build(self)
        for node in reversed(topo):
            node._backward()

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("add backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        a._accum(_unbroadcast(out.grad, a.data.shape))
        b._accum(_unbroadcast(out.grad, b.data.shape))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("sub backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        a._accum(_unbroadcast(out.grad, a.data.shape))
        b._accum(_unbroadcast(-out.grad, b.data.shape))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("mul backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        a._accum(_unbroadcast(out.grad * b.data, a.data.shape))
        b._accum(_unbroadcast(out.grad * a.data, b.data.shape))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("div backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        a._accum(_unbroadcast(out.grad / b.data, a.data.shape))
        b._accum(_unbroadcast(-out.grad * a.data / (b.data ** 2), b.data.shape))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("power backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        a._accum(out.grad * p * (a.data ** (p - 1)))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("maximum backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        ga = np.where(a.data > b.data, 1.0, np.where(a.data == b.data, 0.5, 0.0))
        a._accum(_unbroadcast(out.grad * ga, a.data.shape))
        b._accum(_unbroadcast(out.grad * (1.0 - ga), b.data.shape))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("minimum backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        ga = np.where(a.data < b.data, 1.0, np.where(a.data == b.data, 0.5, 0.0))
        a._accum(_unbroadcast(out.grad * ga, a.data.shape))
        b._accum(_unbroadcast(out.grad * (1.0 - ga), b.data.shape))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("where backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        a._accum(_unbroadcast(np.where(c, out.grad, 0.0), a.data.shape))
        b._accum(_unbroadcast(np.where(c, 0.0, out.grad), b.data.shape))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now the unary math ops:

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("exp backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        a._accum(out.grad * out.data)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("log backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        a._accum(out.grad / a.data)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("sqrt backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        a._accum(out.grad * 0.5 / out.data)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("abs backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        a._accum(out.grad * np.sign(a.data))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("clip backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        a._accum(out.grad * ((a.data > lo) & (a.data < hi)))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now reductions / shape ops:

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("sum backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        if axis is not None and not keepdims:
            g = np.expand_dims(g, axis)
        a._accum(np.broadcast_to(g, a.data.shape).copy())

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("mean backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        if axis is None:
            N = a.data.size
        else:
            axes = (axis,) if isinstance(axis, int) else tuple(axis)
            N = 1
            for ax in axes:
                N *= a.data.shape[ax]
        g = out.grad
        if axis is not None and not keepdims:
            g = np.expand_dims(g, axis)
        a._accum(np.broadcast_to(g, a.data.shape).copy() / N)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("max backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        vals = a.data.max(axis=axis, keepdims=True)
        g = out.grad
        if axis is not None and not keepdims:
            g = np.expand_dims(g, axis)
        elif axis is None:
            g = np.reshape(g, (1,) * a.data.ndim)
        mask = (a.data == vals).astype(np.float64)
        cnt = mask.sum(axis=axis, keepdims=True)
        a._accum(mask / cnt * g)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("min backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        vals = a.data.min(axis=axis, keepdims=True)
        g = out.grad
        if axis is not None and not keepdims:
            g = np.expand_dims(g, axis)
        elif axis is None:
            g = np.reshape(g, (1,) * a.data.ndim)
        mask = (a.data == vals).astype(np.float64)
        cnt = mask.sum(axis=axis, keepdims=True)
        a._accum(mask / cnt * g)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("concat backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        offset = 0
        for t in ts:
            n = t.data.shape[axis]
            sl = [slice(None)] * out.data.ndim
            sl[axis] = slice(offset, offset + n)
            t._accum(out.grad[tuple(sl)])
            offset += n

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("stack backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        for i, t in enumerate(ts):
            sl = [slice(None)] * out.data.ndim
            sl[axis] = i
            t._accum(out.grad[tuple(sl)])

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("transpose backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        if axes is None:
            a._accum(np.transpose(out.grad))
        else:
            inv = np.argsort(axes)
            a._accum(np.transpose(out.grad, inv))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("reshape backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        a._accum(out.grad.reshape(a.data.shape))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("getitem backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = np.zeros_like(a.data)
        np.add.at(g, idx, out.grad)
        a._accum(g)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("matmul backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        bt = np.swapaxes(b.data, -1, -2)
        at = np.swapaxes(a.data, -1, -2)
        da = out.grad @ bt
        db = at @ out.grad
        a._accum(_unbroadcast(da, a.data.shape))
        b._accum(_unbroadcast(db, b.data.shape))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now nonlinearities:

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("relu backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        a._accum(out.grad * (a.data > 0.0))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("leaky_relu backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        a._accum(out.grad * np.where(a.data > 0.0, 1.0, slope))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("sigmoid backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        a._accum(out.grad * out.data * (1.0 - out.data))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("tanh backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        a._accum(out.grad * (1.0 - out.data * out.data))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("gelu backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        pdf = np.exp(-0.5 * a.data * a.data) / np.sqrt(2.0 * np.pi)
        a._accum(out.grad * (cdf + a.data * pdf))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("softmax backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        dot = (g * out.data).sum(axis=axis, keepdims=True)
        a._accum(out.data * (g - dot))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("log_softmax backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        sm = np.exp(out.data)
        a._accum(g - sm * g.sum(axis=axis, keepdims=True))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now losses and layernorm:

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("cross_entropy backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        sm = np.exp(logp)
        grad_in = sm.copy()
        grad_in[np.arange(n), t] -= 1.0
        grad_in /= n
        logits._accum(grad_in * out.grad)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("mse_loss backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        pred._accum((2.0 / pred.data.size) * (pred.data - tgt) * out.grad)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("layernorm backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        lead = tuple(range(g.ndim - 1))
        if gamma.requires_grad:
            gamma._accum((g * xhat).sum(axis=lead))
        if beta.requires_grad:
            beta._accum(g.sum(axis=lead))
        if x.requires_grad:
            gx = g * gamma.data
            dx = inv / D * (D * gx - gx.sum(axis=-1, keepdims=True)
                            - xhat * (gx * xhat).sum(axis=-1, keepdims=True))
            x._accum(dx)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("conv2d backward")  # TODO (dW, dbias, dx via _col2im)
+ added
    def _bw():
        dout = out.grad.reshape(N, Cout, OH * OW)
        if weight.requires_grad:
            dW = np.einsum("nop,ncp->oc", dout, cols).reshape(Cout, Cin, KH, KW)
            weight._accum(dW)
        if has_bias and bias.requires_grad:
            bias._accum(dout.sum(axis=(0, 2)))
        if x.requires_grad:
            dcols = np.einsum("oc,nop->ncp", Wm, dout)
            dxp = _col2im(dcols, xp.shape, KH, KW, stride, OH, OW)
            if pad > 0:
                dx = dxp[:, :, pad:pad + H, pad:pad + W]
            else:
                dx = dxp
            x._accum(dx)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("avgpool2d backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad[:, :, :, None, :, None] / (k * k)
        gb = np.broadcast_to(g, (N, C, OH, k, OW, k))
        dx = np.zeros((N, C, H, W), dtype=np.float64)
        dx[:, :, :OH * k, :OW * k] = gb.reshape(N, C, OH * k, OW * k)
        x._accum(dx)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("maxpool2d backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        outb = out.data[:, :, :, None, :, None]
        mask = (xr == outb).astype(np.float64)
        cnt = mask.sum(axis=(3, 5), keepdims=True)
        g = out.grad[:, :, :, None, :, None]
        gb = mask / cnt * g
        dx = np.zeros((N, C, H, W), dtype=np.float64)
        dx[:, :, :OH * k, :OW * k] = gb.reshape(N, C, OH * k, OW * k)
        x._accum(dx)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("batchnorm2d backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        if gamma.requires_grad:
            gamma._accum((g * xhat).sum(axis=(0, 2, 3)))
        if beta.requires_grad:
            beta._accum(g.sum(axis=(0, 2, 3)))
        if x.requires_grad:
            gx = g * g_
            if training:
                dx = inv / M * (M * gx - gx.sum(axis=(0, 2, 3), keepdims=True)
                                - xhat * (gx * xhat).sum(axis=(0, 2, 3), keepdims=True))
            else:
                dx = gx * inv
            x._accum(dx)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("fake_quant backward (STE + LSQ scale gradient)")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        below = r < Qn
        above = r > Qp
        middle = ~(below | above)
        if v.requires_grad:
            v._accum(g * middle)
        if scale.requires_grad:
            d = np.where(middle, np.round(r) - r, np.where(below, Qn, Qp))
            ds = float((g * d).sum()) * grad_scale
            scale._accum(np.array(ds).reshape(scale.data.shape))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now the extra generic ops:

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("square backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        a._accum(out.grad * 2.0 * a.data)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("rsqrt backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        a._accum(out.grad * -0.5 * (a.data ** -1.5))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("reciprocal backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        a._accum(out.grad * -1.0 / (a.data * a.data))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("var backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        if axis is None:
            N = a.data.size
        else:
            axes = (axis,) if isinstance(axis, int) else tuple(axis)
            N = 1
            for ax in axes:
                N *= a.data.shape[ax]
        g = out.grad
        if axis is not None and not keepdims:
            g = np.expand_dims(g, axis)
        elif axis is None:
            g = np.reshape(g, (1,) * a.data.ndim)
        a._accum(g * (2.0 / N) * xc)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("std backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        if axis is None:
            N = a.data.size
        else:
            axes = (axis,) if isinstance(axis, int) else tuple(axis)
            N = 1
            for ax in axes:
                N *= a.data.shape[ax]
        g = out.grad
        if axis is not None and not keepdims:
            g = np.expand_dims(g, axis)
        elif axis is None:
            g = np.reshape(g, (1,) * a.data.ndim)
        a._accum(g * xc / (N * sd))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("gather backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = np.zeros_like(a.data)
        np.put_along_axis(g, idx, 0.0, axis=axis)
        np.add.at  # noqa
        # accumulate via take_along scatter
        gsrc = out.grad
        _scatter_add_along_axis(g, idx, gsrc, axis)
        a._accum(g)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        g = np.zeros_like(a.data)
        np.put_along_axis(g, idx, 0.0, axis=axis)
        np.add.at  # noqa
        # accumulate via take_along scatter
        gsrc = out.grad
        _scatter_add_along_axis(g, idx, gsrc, axis)
        a._accum(g)
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = np.zeros_like(a.data)
        grids = np.indices(idx.shape)
        index = list(grids)
        index[axis] = idx
        np.add.at(g, tuple(index), out.grad)
        a._accum(g)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("pad2d backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        if pad == 0:
            a._accum(out.grad)
        else:
            a._accum(out.grad[:, :, pad:-pad, pad:-pad])

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now the extra activations:

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("softplus backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        with np.errstate(over="ignore"):
            sig = 1.0 / (1.0 + np.exp(-bx))
        a._accum(out.grad * sig)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("silu backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        a._accum(out.grad * (sig + a.data * sig * (1.0 - sig)))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("mish backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        th = np.tanh(sp)
        with np.errstate(over="ignore"):
            sig = 1.0 / (1.0 + np.exp(-x))
        a._accum(out.grad * (th + x * (1.0 - th * th) * sig))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("elu backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        deriv = np.where(x > 0.0, 1.0, alpha * np.exp(np.minimum(x, 0.0)))
        a._accum(out.grad * deriv)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("hardtanh backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        a._accum(out.grad * ((a.data > lo) & (a.data < hi)))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("hardsigmoid backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        a._accum(out.grad / 6.0 * ((z > 0.0) & (z < 1.0)))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("groupnorm backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        if gamma.requires_grad:
            gamma._accum((g * xhat).sum(axis=(0, 2, 3)))
        if beta.requires_grad:
            beta._accum(g.sum(axis=(0, 2, 3)))
        if x.requires_grad:
            M = cg * H * W
            gx = (g * gamma.data.reshape(1, C, 1, 1)).reshape(N, G, M)
            xh = xhat.reshape(N, G, M)
            invg = inv.reshape(N, G, 1)
            dx = invg / M * (M * gx - gx.sum(axis=2, keepdims=True)
                             - xh * (gx * xh).sum(axis=2, keepdims=True))
            x._accum(dx.reshape(N, C, H, W))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("fake_quant_per_channel backward (STE + per-channel scale grad)")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        below = r < Qn
        above = r > Qp
        middle = ~(below | above)
        if v.requires_grad:
            v._accum(g * middle)
        if scale.requires_grad:
            d = np.where(middle, np.round(r) - r, np.where(below, Qn, Qp))
            gd = g * d
            sum_axes = tuple(ax for ax in range(v.data.ndim) if ax != axis)
            ds = gd.sum(axis=sum_axes) * grad_scale
            scale._accum(ds.reshape(scale.data.shape))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("fake_quant_affine backward (STE + scale grad on shifted grid)")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        lower = r < Qn
        upper = r > Qp
        middle = ~(lower | upper)
        if v.requires_grad:
            v._accum(g * middle)
        if scale.requires_grad:
            d = np.where(middle, (q - z) - (r - z), np.where(lower, Qn - z, Qp - z))
            ds = float((g * d).sum()) * grad_scale
            scale._accum(np.array(ds).reshape(scale.data.shape))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now v2 generic ops:

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("cumsum backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        gf = np.flip(out.grad, axis=axis)
        gc = np.cumsum(gf, axis=axis)
        a._accum(np.flip(gc, axis=axis))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("flip backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        a._accum(np.flip(out.grad, axis=axis))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("logsumexp backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        if not keepdims:
            g = np.expand_dims(g, axis)
        a._accum(sm * g)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("logaddexp backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        wa = np.exp(a.data - out_data)
        wb = np.exp(b.data - out_data)
        a._accum(_unbroadcast(out.grad * wa, a.data.shape))
        b._accum(_unbroadcast(out.grad * wb, b.data.shape))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("l2_normalize backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        dot = (y * g).sum(axis=axis, keepdims=True)
        a._accum((g - y * dot) / nrm)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("rms_norm backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        if gamma.requires_grad:
            lead = tuple(range(g.ndim - 1))
            gamma._accum((g * xhat).sum(axis=lead))
        if x.requires_grad:
            ggamma = g * gamma.data
            s = (ggamma * xd).sum(axis=-1, keepdims=True)
            dx = inv * ggamma - (xd * inv ** 3 / D) * s
            x._accum(dx)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("instance_norm backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        if gamma.requires_grad:
            gamma._accum((g * xhat).sum(axis=(0, 2, 3)))
        if beta.requires_grad:
            beta._accum(g.sum(axis=(0, 2, 3)))
        if x.requires_grad:
            gx = (g * g_).reshape(N, C, M)
            xh = xhat.reshape(N, C, M)
            invg = inv.reshape(N, C, 1)
            dx = invg / M * (M * gx - gx.sum(axis=2, keepdims=True)
                             - xh * (gx * xh).sum(axis=2, keepdims=True))
            x._accum(dx.reshape(N, C, H, W))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("huber_loss backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        per_grad = np.where(quad, diff, delta * np.sign(diff))
        pred._accum((per_grad / n) * out.grad)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("kl_div backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        log_p._accum((-q / n) * out.grad)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("embedding backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = np.zeros_like(weight.data)
        np.add.at(g, idx, out.grad)
        weight._accum(g)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now conv2d_gen backward:

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("conv2d_gen backward (grouped/dilated dW/db/dx)")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        dout_g = out.grad.reshape(N, groups, cog, OH * OW)
        if weight.requires_grad:
            dWm = np.einsum("ngop,ngcp->goc", dout_g, cols_g)
            weight._accum(dWm.reshape(Cout, cig, KH, KW))
        if has_bias and bias.requires_grad:
            bias._accum(out.grad.reshape(N, Cout, OH * OW).sum(axis=(0, 2)))
        if x.requires_grad:
            dcols_g = np.einsum("goc,ngop->ngcp", Wm, dout_g)
            dcols = dcols_g.reshape(N, Cin * KH * KW, OH * OW)
            dxp = _col2im_dil(dcols, xp.shape, KH, KW, stride, dilation, OH, OW)
            if pad > 0:
                dx = dxp[:, :, pad:pad + H, pad:pad + W]
            else:
                dx = dxp
            x._accum(dx)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("conv_transpose2d backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        if has_bias and bias.requires_grad:
            bias._accum(out.grad.sum(axis=(0, 2, 3)))
        gfull = np.zeros((N, Cout, OHf, OWf), dtype=np.float64)
        if pad > 0:
            gfull[:, :, pad:OHf - pad, pad:OWf - pad] = out.grad
        else:
            gfull = out.grad
        gcontrib = np.empty((N, Cout, H, W, KH, KW), dtype=np.float64)
        for i in range(KH):
            for j in range(KW):
                gcontrib[:, :, :, :, i, j] = gfull[:, :, i:i + stride * H:stride, j:j + stride * W:stride]
        if x.requires_grad:
            dx = np.einsum("noijKL,coKL->ncij", gcontrib, Wm)
            x._accum(dx)
        if weight.requires_grad:
            dW = np.einsum("ncij,noijKL->coKL", xd, gcontrib)
            weight._accum(dW)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("avgpool2d_s backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        dxp = np.zeros((N, C, Hp, Wp), dtype=np.float64)
        for oi in range(OH):
            for oj in range(OW):
                dxp[:, :, oi * stride:oi * stride + k, oj * stride:oj * stride + k] += \
                    (out.grad[:, :, oi, oj] / (k * k))[:, :, None, None]
        if pad > 0:
            dx = dxp[:, :, pad:pad + H, pad:pad + W]
        else:
            dx = dxp
        x._accum(dx)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("maxpool2d_s backward")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        dxp = np.zeros((N, C, Hp, Wp), dtype=np.float64)
        nn_idx, cc_idx = np.meshgrid(np.arange(N), np.arange(C), indexing="ij")
        for oi in range(OH):
            for oj in range(OW):
                ii = oi * stride + argi[:, :, oi, oj]
                jj = oj * stride + argj[:, :, oi, oj]
                np.add.at(dxp, (nn_idx, cc_idx, ii, jj), out.grad[:, :, oi, oj])
        if pad > 0:
            dx = dxp[:, :, pad:pad + H, pad:pad + W]
        else:
            dx = dxp
        x._accum(dx)

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        raise NotImplementedError("fake_quant_lsq_plus backward (STE v-grad + beta-grad + LSQ scale grad)")  # TODO
+ added
    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        below = r < Qn
        above = r > Qp
        mid = ~(below | above)
        if v.requires_grad:
            v._accum(g * mid)
        if beta.requires_grad:
            db = float((g * (~mid)).sum())
            beta._accum(np.array(db).reshape(beta.data.shape))
        if scale.requires_grad:
            d = np.where(mid, q - r, np.where(below, Qn, Qp))
            ds = float((g * d).sum()) * grad_scale
            scale._accum(np.array(ds).reshape(scale.data.shape))

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
autograd.py is complete. Now data.py:

/app/submission/data.py

− removed
    # TODO: cast to float, scale to [0,1], subtract NORM_MEAN, divide by NORM_STD.
    raise NotImplementedError("normalize")
+ added
    return (X.astype(np.float64) / 255.0 - NORM_MEAN) / NORM_STD

contents
The file /app/submission/data.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/data.py

− removed
    # TODO: optionally shuffle an index array, then yield contiguous batch_size slices of it.
    raise NotImplementedError("iter_minibatches")
+ added
    n = Xn.shape[0]
    idx = np.arange(n)
    if shuffle:
        rng.shuffle(idx)
    for start in range(0, n, batch_size):
        sel = idx[start:start + batch_size]
        yield Xn[sel], y[sel]

contents
The file /app/submission/data.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now optim.py. Let me implement all step functions and schedulers:

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    def step(self):
        # TODO: SGD(+momentum, +per-group weight decay) update. Iterate self._groups; for each
        # group use wd = self.weight_decay if override is None else override; keep a momentum
        # buffer per parameter (self._v is indexed in self.params order).
        raise NotImplementedError("SGD.step")
+ added
    def step(self):
        i = 0
        for group, wd_override in self._groups:
            wd = self.weight_decay if wd_override is None else wd_override
            for p in group:
                if p.grad is not None:
                    g = p.grad + wd * p.data
                    self._v[i] = self.momentum * self._v[i] + g
                    p.data -= self.lr * self._v[i]
                i += 1

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    def step(self):
        # TODO: AdamW with bias correction + DECOUPLED, per-group weight decay (see docstring).
        raise NotImplementedError("AdamW.step")
+ added
    def step(self):
        self.t += 1
        t = self.t
        i = 0
        for group, wd_override in self._groups:
            wd = self.weight_decay if wd_override is None else wd_override
            for p in group:
                if p.grad is not None:
                    g = p.grad
                    self._m[i] = self.b1 * self._m[i] + (1 - self.b1) * g
                    self._v[i] = self.b2 * self._v[i] + (1 - self.b2) * (g * g)
                    mhat = self._m[i] / (1 - self.b1 ** t)
                    vhat = self._v[i] / (1 - self.b2 ** t)
                    p.data -= self.lr * (mhat / (np.sqrt(vhat) + self.eps) + wd * p.data)
                i += 1

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    def step(self):
        # TODO: Adam with bias correction + COUPLED, per-group weight decay (see docstring).
        raise NotImplementedError("Adam.step")
+ added
    def step(self):
        self.t += 1
        t = self.t
        i = 0
        for group, wd_override in self._groups:
            wd = self.weight_decay if wd_override is None else wd_override
            for p in group:
                if p.grad is not None:
                    g = p.grad + wd * p.data
                    self._m[i] = self.b1 * self._m[i] + (1 - self.b1) * g
                    self._v[i] = self.b2 * self._v[i] + (1 - self.b2) * (g * g)
                    mhat = self._m[i] / (1 - self.b1 ** t)
                    vhat = self._v[i] / (1 - self.b2 ** t)
                    p.data -= self.lr * mhat / (np.sqrt(vhat) + self.eps)
                i += 1

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    def step(self):
        # TODO: RMSprop update with per-group weight decay (see docstring).
        raise NotImplementedError("RMSprop.step")
+ added
    def step(self):
        i = 0
        for group, wd_override in self._groups:
            wd = self.weight_decay if wd_override is None else wd_override
            for p in group:
                if p.grad is not None:
                    g = p.grad + wd * p.data
                    self._s[i] = self.alpha * self._s[i] + (1 - self.alpha) * (g * g)
                    p.data -= self.lr * g / (np.sqrt(self._s[i]) + self.eps)
                i += 1

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    def step(self):
        # TODO: Adagrad update with per-group weight decay (see docstring).
        raise NotImplementedError("Adagrad.step")
+ added
    def step(self):
        i = 0
        for group, wd_override in self._groups:
            wd = self.weight_decay if wd_override is None else wd_override
            for p in group:
                if p.grad is not None:
                    g = p.grad + wd * p.data
                    self._s[i] = self._s[i] + g * g
                    p.data -= self.lr * g / (np.sqrt(self._s[i]) + self.eps)
                i += 1

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    def step(self):
        # TODO: Lion update with per-group (decoupled) weight decay (see docstring).
        raise NotImplementedError("Lion.step")
+ added
    def step(self):
        i = 0
        for group, wd_override in self._groups:
            wd = self.weight_decay if wd_override is None else wd_override
            for p in group:
                if p.grad is not None:
                    g = p.grad
                    upd = np.sign(self.b1 * self._m[i] + (1 - self.b1) * g)
                    p.data -= self.lr * (upd + wd * p.data)
                    self._m[i] = self.b2 * self._m[i] + (1 - self.b2) * g
                i += 1

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now Adamax, NAdam, Adadelta, NesterovSGD:

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    def step(self):
        # TODO: implement the Adamax update honouring per-group weight decay.
        raise NotImplementedError("Adamax.step")
+ added
    def step(self):
        self.t += 1
        t = self.t
        i = 0
        for group, wd_override in self._groups:
            wd = self.weight_decay if wd_override is None else wd_override
            for p in group:
                if p.grad is not None:
                    g = p.grad + wd * p.data
                    self._m[i] = self.b1 * self._m[i] + (1 - self.b1) * g
                    self._u[i] = np.maximum(self.b2 * self._u[i], np.abs(g))
                    p.data -= (self.lr / (1 - self.b1 ** t)) * self._m[i] / (self._u[i] + self.eps)
                i += 1

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    def step(self):
        # TODO: implement the NAdam update honouring per-group weight decay.
        raise NotImplementedError("NAdam.step")
+ added
    def step(self):
        self.t += 1
        t = self.t
        i = 0
        for group, wd_override in self._groups:
            wd = self.weight_decay if wd_override is None else wd_override
            for p in group:
                if p.grad is not None:
                    g = p.grad + wd * p.data
                    self._m[i] = self.b1 * self._m[i] + (1 - self.b1) * g
                    self._v[i] = self.b2 * self._v[i] + (1 - self.b2) * (g * g)
                    mhat = (self.b1 * self._m[i] / (1 - self.b1 ** (t + 1))
                            + (1 - self.b1) * g / (1 - self.b1 ** t))
                    vhat = self._v[i] / (1 - self.b2 ** t)
                    p.data -= self.lr * mhat / (np.sqrt(vhat) + self.eps)
                i += 1

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    def step(self):
        # TODO: implement the Adadelta update honouring per-group weight decay.
        raise NotImplementedError("Adadelta.step")
+ added
    def step(self):
        i = 0
        for group, wd_override in self._groups:
            wd = self.weight_decay if wd_override is None else wd_override
            for p in group:
                if p.grad is not None:
                    g = p.grad + wd * p.data
                    self._s[i] = self.rho * self._s[i] + (1 - self.rho) * (g * g)
                    delta = np.sqrt(self._d[i] + self.eps) / np.sqrt(self._s[i] + self.eps) * g
                    p.data -= self.lr * delta
                    self._d[i] = self.rho * self._d[i] + (1 - self.rho) * (delta * delta)
                i += 1

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    def step(self):
        # TODO: implement the Nesterov-SGD update honouring per-group weight decay.
        raise NotImplementedError("NesterovSGD.step")
+ added
    def step(self):
        i = 0
        for group, wd_override in self._groups:
            wd = self.weight_decay if wd_override is None else wd_override
            for p in group:
                if p.grad is not None:
                    g = p.grad + wd * p.data
                    self._v[i] = self.momentum * self._v[i] + g
                    p.data -= self.lr * (g + self.momentum * self._v[i])
                i += 1

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now the schedulers and clip_grad_norm:

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    ``base_lr`` over the remaining (total - warmup) steps. Return the LR at ``step``."""
    # TODO
    raise NotImplementedError("cosine_lr")
+ added
    ``base_lr`` over the remaining (total - warmup) steps. Return the LR at ``step``."""
    if warmup > 0 and step < warmup:
        return base_lr * (step + 1) / warmup
    prog = min(1.0, max(0.0, (step - warmup) / max(1, total - warmup)))
    return min_lr + 0.5 * (base_lr - min_lr) * (1 + math.cos(math.pi * prog))

contents
<tool_use_error>String to replace not found in file.
String:     ``base_lr`` over the remaining (total - warmup) steps. Return the LR at ``step``."""
    # TODO
    raise NotImplementedError("cosine_lr")</tool_use_error>

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    # TODO
    raise NotImplementedError("cosine_lr")
+ added
    if warmup > 0 and step < warmup:
        return base_lr * (step + 1) / warmup
    prog = min(1.0, max(0.0, (step - warmup) / max(1, total - warmup)))
    return min_lr + 0.5 * (base_lr - min_lr) * (1 + math.cos(math.pi * prog))

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    # TODO
    raise NotImplementedError("warmup_lr")
+ added
    if step < warmup:
        return base_lr * (step + 1) / warmup
    return base_lr

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    # TODO
    raise NotImplementedError("step_lr")
+ added
    return base_lr * gamma ** (step // step_size)

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    # TODO
    raise NotImplementedError("exponential_lr")
+ added
    return base_lr * gamma ** step

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    # TODO: compute the global L2 norm over all param grads; scale in place if it exceeds max_norm.
    raise NotImplementedError("clip_grad_norm")
+ added
    total = 0.0
    for p in params:
        if p.grad is not None:
            total += float((p.grad ** 2).sum())
    total = math.sqrt(total)
    if total > max_norm:
        scale = max_norm / (total + 1e-6)
        for p in params:
            if p.grad is not None:
                p.grad = p.grad * scale
    return total

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    # TODO
    raise NotImplementedError("polynomial_lr")
+ added
    prog = min(1.0, max(0.0, step / total))
    return min_lr + (base_lr - min_lr) * ((1 - prog) ** power)

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    # TODO
    raise NotImplementedError("linear_lr")
+ added
    prog = min(1.0, max(0.0, step / total))
    return base_lr + (min_lr - base_lr) * prog

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    # TODO
    raise NotImplementedError("multistep_lr")
+ added
    return base_lr * gamma ** sum(1 for m in milestones if step >= m)

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/optim.py

− removed
    # TODO
    raise NotImplementedError("cosine_restarts_lr")
+ added
    t = step % period
    return min_lr + 0.5 * (base_lr - min_lr) * (1 + math.cos(math.pi * (t / period)))

contents
The file /app/submission/optim.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now nn.py. Let me fill in all the forwards:

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: y = x @ weight (+ bias). Use ag.matmul / ag.add.
        raise NotImplementedError("Linear.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        y = ag.matmul(x, self.weight)
        if self.bias is not None:
            y = ag.add(y, self.bias)
        return y

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: out = x + fc2(gelu(fc1(x)))
        raise NotImplementedError("MLP.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        return ag.add(x, self.fc2(ag.gelu(self.fc1(x))))

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
        # TODO: return ag.layernorm(x, self.gamma, self.beta, self.eps)
        raise NotImplementedError("LayerNorm.forward")
+ added
        return ag.layernorm(x, self.gamma, self.beta, self.eps)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
        # TODO: return ag.conv2d(x, self.weight, bias=self.bias, stride=self.stride, pad=self.padding)
        raise NotImplementedError("Conv2d.forward")
+ added
        return ag.conv2d(x, self.weight, bias=self.bias, stride=self.stride, pad=self.padding)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
        # TODO: return ag.maxpool2d(x, self.k)
        raise NotImplementedError("MaxPool2d.forward")
+ added
        return ag.maxpool2d(x, self.k)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
        # TODO: return ag.avgpool2d(x, self.k)
        raise NotImplementedError("AvgPool2d.forward")
+ added
        return ag.avgpool2d(x, self.k)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
        # TODO: return ag.fake_quant(w, self.scale, W_NEG, W_POS)
        raise NotImplementedError("WeightQuant.quant")
+ added
        return ag.fake_quant(w, self.scale, W_NEG, W_POS)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
        # TODO: return ag.fake_quant(x, self.scale, A_NEG, A_POS)
        raise NotImplementedError("ActQuant.forward")
+ added
        return ag.fake_quant(x, self.scale, A_NEG, A_POS)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
        # TODO: ag.batchnorm2d(x, gamma, beta, eps, running_mean, running_var, momentum, training)
        raise NotImplementedError("BatchNorm2d.forward")
+ added
        return ag.batchnorm2d(x, self.gamma, self.beta, self.eps,
                              self.running_mean, self.running_var, self.momentum, self.training)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

Check batchnorm1d presence

shell
grep -n "batchnorm1d\|def batchnorm" /app/submission/autograd.py
output
797:def batchnorm2d(x, gamma, beta, eps: float = 1e-5,
batchnorm1d is missing from autograd.py. Let me add it:

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
# ============================================================ LSQ fake-quant (DOMAIN; the crux)
+ added
def batchnorm1d(x, gamma, beta, eps: float = 1e-5,
                running_mean=None, running_var=None, momentum: float = 0.1,
                training: bool = True) -> Tensor:
    """BatchNorm over the batch axis N for a (N, C) input, per feature C. gamma,beta:(C,)."""
    x, gamma, beta = _ensure(x), _ensure(gamma), _ensure(beta)
    N, C = x.data.shape
    M = N
    xd = x.data
    if training:
        mu = xd.mean(axis=0, keepdims=True)
        xc = xd - mu
        var = (xc * xc).mean(axis=0, keepdims=True)
        inv = 1.0 / np.sqrt(var + eps)
        xhat = xc * inv
        if running_mean is not None and running_var is not None:
            ubvar = var * (M / _bi_max(1, M - 1))
            running_mean[:] = (1 - momentum) * running_mean + momentum * mu.reshape(-1)
            running_var[:] = (1 - momentum) * running_var + momentum * ubvar.reshape(-1)
    else:
        mu = running_mean.reshape(1, C)
        var = running_var.reshape(1, C)
        inv = 1.0 / np.sqrt(var + eps)
        xhat = (xd - mu) * inv
    g_ = gamma.data.reshape(1, C)
    out = _mk(g_ * xhat + beta.data.reshape(1, C), (x, gamma, beta),
              x.requires_grad or gamma.requires_grad or beta.requires_grad)

    def _bw():
        g = out.grad
        if gamma.requires_grad:
            gamma._accum((g * xhat).sum(axis=0))
        if beta.requires_grad:
            beta._accum(g.sum(axis=0))
        if x.requires_grad:
            gx = g * g_
            if training:
                dx = in
…[truncated 340 chars]

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
        # TODO: ag.batchnorm1d(x, gamma, beta, eps, running_mean, running_var, momentum, training)
        raise NotImplementedError("BatchNorm1d.forward")
+ added
        return ag.batchnorm1d(x, self.gamma, self.beta, self.eps,
                              self.running_mean, self.running_var, self.momentum, self.training)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
        # TODO: wq = self.wq.quant(self.weight); return ag.conv2d(x, wq, bias=None, stride, pad=1)
        raise NotImplementedError("QConv.forward")
+ added
        wq = self.wq.quant(self.weight)
        return ag.conv2d(x, wq, bias=None, stride=self.stride, pad=1)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
        # TODO: h = aq(relu(bn(conv(x)))) -- in that order.
        raise NotImplementedError("ConvBlock.forward")
+ added
        return self.aq(ag.relu(self.bn(self.conv(x))))

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
    def forward(self, X) -> Tensor:
        # TODO: run the stem + blocks, global-average-pool, then the (2-bit) linear head.
        raise NotImplementedError("QuantCNN.forward")
+ added
    def forward(self, X) -> Tensor:
        h = X if isinstance(X, Tensor) else Tensor(X)
        h = self.stem(h)
        for b in self.blocks:
            h = b(h)
        N = h.data.shape[0]
        full_h = h.data.shape[2]
        pooled = ag.avgpool2d(h, full_h)               # (N, C, 1, 1)
        feat = ag.reshape(pooled, (N, self.feat))
        wq = self.head_wq.quant(self.head_w)
        return ag.add(ag.matmul(feat, wq), self.head_b)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
        # TODO: wq = self.wq.quant(self.weight); return ag.add(ag.matmul(x, wq), self.bias)
        raise NotImplementedError("QLinear.forward")
+ added
        wq = self.wq.quant(self.weight)
        return ag.add(ag.matmul(x, wq), self.bias)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
        # TODO: x -> reshape (N, in_dim); for each layer L: h = L["aq"](relu(L["bn"](L["fc"](h))));
        # then return self.head(h).
        raise NotImplementedError("QuantMLP.forward")
+ added
        h = X if isinstance(X, Tensor) else Tensor(X)
        N = h.data.shape[0]
        h = ag.reshape(h, (N, self.in_dim))
        for L in self.layers:
            h = L["aq"](ag.relu(L["bn"](L["fc"](h))))
        return self.head(h)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now the extra layers and cells:

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
        # TODO: return ag.silu(x)
        raise NotImplementedError("SiLU.forward")
+ added
        return ag.silu(x)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
        # TODO: return ag.elu(x, self.alpha)
        raise NotImplementedError("ELU.forward")
+ added
        return ag.elu(x, self.alpha)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
        # TODO: return ag.groupnorm(x, self.gamma, self.beta, self.num_groups, self.eps)
        raise NotImplementedError("GroupNorm.forward")
+ added
        return ag.groupnorm(x, self.gamma, self.beta, self.num_groups, self.eps)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
        # TODO: return ag.tanh(x@Wx + h@Wh + b)
        raise NotImplementedError("RNNCell.forward")
+ added
        return ag.tanh(ag.add(ag.add(ag.matmul(x, self.Wx), ag.matmul(h, self.Wh)), self.b))

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
        # TODO: implement the GRU update with the named weights above.
        raise NotImplementedError("GRUCell.forward")
+ added
        z = ag.sigmoid(ag.add(ag.add(ag.matmul(x, self.Wxz), ag.matmul(h, self.Whz)), self.bz))
        r = ag.sigmoid(ag.add(ag.add(ag.matmul(x, self.Wxr), ag.matmul(h, self.Whr)), self.br))
        n = ag.tanh(ag.add(ag.add(ag.matmul(x, self.Wxn), ag.matmul(ag.mul(r, h), self.Whn)), self.bn))
        one_minus_z = ag.sub(1.0, z)
        return ag.add(ag.mul(one_minus_z, n), ag.mul(z, h))

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
        # TODO: implement the LSTM update; return (h2, c2).
        raise NotImplementedError("LSTMCell.forward")
+ added
        i = ag.sigmoid(ag.add(ag.add(ag.matmul(x, self.Wxi), ag.matmul(h, self.Whi)), self.bi))
        f = ag.sigmoid(ag.add(ag.add(ag.matmul(x, self.Wxf), ag.matmul(h, self.Whf)), self.bf))
        g = ag.tanh(ag.add(ag.add(ag.matmul(x, self.Wxg), ag.matmul(h, self.Whg)), self.bg))
        o = ag.sigmoid(ag.add(ag.add(ag.matmul(x, self.Wxo), ag.matmul(h, self.Who)), self.bo))
        c2 = ag.add(ag.mul(f, c), ag.mul(i, g))
        h2 = ag.mul(o, ag.tanh(c2))
        return h2, c2

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
        # TODO: return ag.fake_quant_per_channel(w, self.scale, self.neg, self.pos, axis=0)
        raise NotImplementedError("PerChannelWeightQuant.quant")
+ added
        return ag.fake_quant_per_channel(w, self.scale, self.neg, self.pos, axis=0)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
        # TODO: return ag.fake_quant_affine(x, self.scale, self.zero_point, self.neg, self.pos)
        raise NotImplementedError("AffineActQuant.forward")
+ added
        return ag.fake_quant_affine(x, self.scale, self.zero_point, self.neg, self.pos)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
        # TODO: return ag.rms_norm(x, self.gamma, self.eps)
        raise NotImplementedError("RMSNorm.forward")
+ added
        return ag.rms_norm(x, self.gamma, self.eps)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
        # TODO: return ag.instance_norm(x, self.gamma, self.beta, self.eps)
        raise NotImplementedError("InstanceNorm2d.forward")
+ added
        return ag.instance_norm(x, self.gamma, self.beta, self.eps)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
        # TODO: return ag.embedding(self.weight, idx)
        raise NotImplementedError("Embedding.forward")
+ added
        return ag.embedding(self.weight, idx)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
        # TODO: return ag.conv_transpose2d(x, self.weight, bias=self.bias, stride=self.stride, pad=self.padding)
        raise NotImplementedError("ConvTranspose2d.forward")
+ added
        return ag.conv_transpose2d(x, self.weight, bias=self.bias, stride=self.stride, pad=self.padding)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
        # TODO: return ag.conv2d_gen(x, self.weight, bias=self.bias, stride=self.stride,
        #                            pad=self.padding, dilation=self.dilation, groups=1)
        raise NotImplementedError("DilatedConv2d.forward")
+ added
        return ag.conv2d_gen(x, self.weight, bias=self.bias, stride=self.stride,
                             pad=self.padding, dilation=self.dilation, groups=1)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
        # TODO: return ag.fake_quant_lsq_plus(x, self.scale, self.beta, self.neg, self.pos)
        raise NotImplementedError("LSQPlusActQuant.forward")
+ added
        return ag.fake_quant_lsq_plus(x, self.scale, self.beta, self.neg, self.pos)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
        # TODO: depthwise conv2d_gen(groups=Cin) on the LSQ-quantized dw_weight, then pointwise
        #       conv2d_gen(groups=1) on the LSQ-quantized pw_weight.
        raise NotImplementedError("QDWSepConv.forward")
+ added
        dwq = self.dw_wq.quant(self.dw_weight)
        h = ag.conv2d_gen(x, dwq, bias=None, stride=self.stride, pad=1, dilation=1, groups=self.Cin)
        pwq = self.pw_wq.quant(self.pw_weight)
        return ag.conv2d_gen(h, pwq, bias=None, stride=1, pad=0, dilation=1, groups=1)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
        # TODO: conv -> bn -> relu -> aq
        raise NotImplementedError("QSepBlock.forward")
+ added
        return self.aq(ag.relu(self.bn(self.conv(x))))

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

/app/submission/nn.py

− removed
        # TODO: stem -> blocks -> avgpool2d(full window) -> reshape (N,C) -> matmul(LSQ head) + bias
        raise NotImplementedError("QuantSepCNN.forward")
+ added
        h = X if isinstance(X, Tensor) else Tensor(X)
        h = self.stem(h)
        for b in self.blocks:
            h = b(h)
        N = h.data.shape[0]
        full_h = h.data.shape[2]
        pooled = ag.avgpool2d(h, full_h)
        feat = ag.reshape(pooled, (N, self.feat))
        wq = self.head_wq.quant(self.head_w)
        return ag.add(ag.matmul(feat, wq), self.head_b)

contents
The file /app/submission/nn.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Now let me run the checks:

Run all public checks quiet

shell
python3 run_checks.py --quiet 2>&1 | tail -30
output
------------------------------------------------------------------------
autograd_grads 114/115 | quant_grads 21/21 | nn_forward 53/53 | optim 25/25 | integration 6/6 | data 2/2
TOTAL  221/222 public checks passing
Fix the FAIL lines above (each is a backward/forward/optimizer bug). Re-run until all green, then train.
Almost all green. Let me find the one failure:

Find failing autograd check

shell
python3 run_checks.py --only autograd_grads 2>&1 | grep -i fail
output
grad/pad2d                               FAIL  (raised NameError: name 'a' is not defined)
Fix the FAIL lines above (each is a backward/forward/optimizer bug). Re-run until all green, then train.

/app/submission/autograd.py

− removed
    def _bw():
        if pad == 0:
            a._accum(out.grad)
        else:
            a._accum(out.grad[:, :, pad:-pad, pad:-pad])
+ added
    def _bw():
        if pad == 0:
            x._accum(out.grad)
        else:
            x._accum(out.grad[:, :, pad:-pad, pad:-pad])

contents
The file /app/submission/autograd.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

Re-run all checks

shell
python3 run_checks.py --quiet 2>&1 | tail -4
output
------------------------------------------------------------------------
autograd_grads 115/115 | quant_grads 21/21 | nn_forward 53/53 | optim 25/25 | integration 6/6 | data 2/2
TOTAL  222/222 public checks passing
All public checks pass. Now train qat_model.npz to clear the held-out top-1 threshold (the grader re-checks components with DIFFERENT seeds).
All 222 public checks pass. Now let me run the env smoke test and inspect the data before writing the training loop.

Run smoke test and inspect data

shell
bash /app/test.sh 2>&1 | tail -15; echo "---DATA---"; python3 -c "
import numpy as np
d=np.load('/app/data/train.npz')
X,y=d['X'],d['y']
print('X',X.shape,X.dtype,'y',y.shape,y.dtype)
print('classes',np.unique(y),'counts',np.bincount(y))
print('X range',X.min(),X.max())
"
output
train: X=(2500, 3, 16, 16) uint8, y=(2500,), classes=10
submission stubs present: ['nn.py', 'autograd.py', 'train.py', 'optim.py', 'data.py', '__pycache__']
numpy 2.2.6
app_test smoke OK
---DATA---
X (2500, 3, 16, 16) uint8 y (2500,) int64
classes [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9] counts [250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250]
X range 0 255
All checks pass. Now let me write the training loop:

/app/submission/train.py

− removed
def train(data_path, out_path, epochs=30, seed=0, n_classes=10):
    # TODO: load + normalize the data; build QuantCNN(n_classes, WIDTHS, seed); initialize the LSQ
    # step sizes; build the optimizer with weight decay only on the conv/head weights; run the QAT
    # loop (forward -> cross_entropy -> backward -> clip_grad_norm -> step) with an LR schedule;
    # keep your best epoch; BAKE the quantized weights; save the state_dict to out_path.
    raise NotImplementedError("implement the QAT training loop")
+ added
def _init_lsq_scales(model):
    """Initialize LSQ step sizes. Weight steps from the LSQ heuristic s = 2*mean(|w|)/sqrt(Qp);
    activation steps to a reasonable positive value (learned thereafter)."""
    from nn import W_POS, A_POS
    nps = model.named_params()
    for nm, p in nps.items():
        if nm.endswith("wq.scale"):
            wkey = nm[:-len("wq.scale")] + "weight"
            w = nps[wkey].data
            s = 2.0 * float(np.mean(np.abs(w))) / np.sqrt(max(1.0, W_POS))
            p.data[...] = max(s, 1e-3)
        elif nm.endswith("aq.scale"):
            p.data[...] = 1.0


def _accuracy(model, Xn, y, batch=256):
    model.set_training(False)
    correct = 0
    for i in range(0, len(Xn), batch):
        xb = Xn[i:i + batch]
        logits = model(xb).data
        correct += int((logits.argmax(1) == y[i:i + batch]).sum())
    return correct / len(Xn)


def _bake(model):
    """Replace each conv/head weight with its LSQ-quantized value on the 2-bit grid using the
    learned per-tensor scale, so the saved checkpoint passes the bit-audit."""
    from nn import W_NEG, W_POS
    nps = model.named_params()
    for nm, p in list(nps.items()):
        if nm.endswith("wq.scale"):
            wkey = nm[:-len("wq.scale")] + "weight"
            w = nps[wkey].data
            s = float(p.data.reshape(()))
            s = s if abs(s) > 1e-12 else 1e-12
            q = np.round(np.clip(w / s, -W_NEG, W_POS)) * s
            nps[wkey].data[...] = q


def train(data_path, o
…[truncated 2109 chars]

contents
The file /app/submission/train.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

Run training

shell
cd /app/submission && time python3 train.py --epochs 40 --seed 0 2>&1 | tail -50
Final diff , what the agent changed

No file changes, the agent left the workspace untouched.

Verifier output , the proof behind the reward
tests/test.sh
=== SyncVals verifier (local re-grade of the agent's own checkpoint) ===

COMPONENT CONFORMANCE SUITE: 278/278 cases passed  (all milestones pass: True)
FINAL METRIC: held-out INT2 top-1 = 0.8673  >= threshold 0.7

REWARD = 1   (1 iff every component milestone passes AND the sealed held-out metric clears its threshold)

NOTE: the in-sandbox training in the 481MB e2b box was OOM-killed (0-byte checkpoint), so the raw
in-sandbox reward was an infrastructure artifact. This reward is from a faithful LOCAL re-train of the
agent's OWN train.py (24GB, no OOM) with its own default hyperparameters, then re-graded by the real verifier.

Reproduce this trial: git checkout 2f94510 && PYTHONPATH=src python3 scripts/build_site.py , then open trial/trial_8c94041c99bb41a0. Re-running the agent live requires EVAL_PLATFORM_ENABLE_OAUTH_SMOKE=1 and is non-deterministic.

Trial trial_8c94041c99bb41a0 · verifier authoritative; classifier explanatory.