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secrets-rotation-kms

claude-code claude-opus-4-7 ✓ resolved GOOD_SUCCESS ↑ View task
Solved from the instruction alone, tests/ and solution/ were withheld from the agent's workspace and restored only for grading.
Reward = tests/test.sh exit code (0 → resolved); the classification below is post-hoc and cannot change it.
Classification , post-hoc; cannot change the reward
GOOD_SUCCESSLegitimate solve, implements the asked-for behavior; tests verify real functionality.
SubtypeLegitimate Solution
EvidenceAll 8 tests passed (reward=1.0), including: (1) test_role_policy_grants_kms_actions - validates the execution role has proper KMS permissions, (2) test_kms_key_policy_grants_lambda_role - validates the KMS CMK policy grants the Lambda role principal access, (3) test_lambda_permission_allows_secretsmanager_invoke - validates the Lambda resource policy allows Secrets Manager to invoke it, (4) test_rotate_secret_advances_awscurrent - validates the rotation completes and AWSCURRENT advances to a new version. The task.toml notes that wildcard Resource scope is rejected, and the agent's solution passed this strict validation without wildcards.
Root causeThe agent successfully diagnosed and fixed all four broken layers in the AWS Secrets Manager rotation setup: the IAM role's missing KMS permissions, the KMS key policy lacking the role principal, the Lambda resource policy missing Secrets Manager permissions, and the handler's incomplete finishSecret function that wasn't promoting AWSPENDING to AWSCURRENT.
RecommendationN/A - task is fine
Trajectory
Tool-by-tool agent trajectory
25 tool calls · 5 tool types · 30 steps
# Make AWS Secrets Manager rotation actually rotate You are working against a LocalStack AWS endpoint at `http://localstack:4566`. The container already has `aws` (AWS CLI v2), `python3`, `boto3`, `jq`, `zip`, and `curl` installed. `AWS_ENDPOINT_URL`, `AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=test`, `AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=test`, and `AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=us-east-1` are already exported. The environment has been pre-seeded by `/app/setup.sh` with a **partially-deployed, broken-by-design** Secrets Manager rotation setup. You must diagnose what's wrong and make rotation actually advance the secret to a new value. ## Starter resources Every resource below already exists , do not rename or recreate unless you know what you're doing: - **Secret**: `app/db/password`, encrypted with a customer-managed CMK - **KMS CMK**: alias `alias/app-rotation-key` (symmetric ENCRYPT_DECRYPT) - **Rotation Lambda**: function `secrets-rotator`, runtime `python3.11`, source on disk at `/app/handler.py` - **IAM role**: `secrets-rotator-role` (inline policy `SecretsRotatorPolicy`) with the Lambda's execution permissions - **Rotation config** is already attached to the secret (pointing at the rotation Lambda), but invoking it fails , the layers needed to actually carry out the rotation are broken. ## Required outcome After your fix, running ```bash aws secretsmanager rotate-secret --secret-id app/db/password ``` must: 1. **Succeed without error.** 2. **Advance `AWSCURRENT`** to a fresh version ID , the version that holds the `AWSCURRENT` label after rotation must be different from the version that held it before, and the string value returned by `get-secret-value` must change. 3. **Label the prior version as `AWSPREVIOUS`.** The verifier inspects both the end-to-end behaviour and the shape of the underlying IAM / KMS / Lambda configuration. Least privilege matters , the grader reads policy documents directly. The rotation Lambda source lives at `/app/handler.py`; redeploy with `aws lambda update-function-code --zip-file fileb://...`. LocalStack spawns Lambda containers on the shared compose network, so `http://localstack:4566` is reachable from inside the function.

List app directory contents

shell
ls -la /app/
output
total 28
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Apr 22 19:10 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Apr 22 19:41 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4137 Apr 22 19:10 handler.py
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6097 Apr 22 19:10 setup.sh
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 22 19:10 starter

[stdout]
total 28
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Apr 22 19:10 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Apr 22 19:41 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4137 Apr 22 19:10 handler.py
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6097 Apr 22 19:10 setup.sh
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 22 19:10 starter

/app/handler.py

contents
1	# Rotation Lambda for AWS Secrets Manager, "single-user" pattern
2	# (no external database, value is self-contained).
3	#
4	# Secrets Manager calls this function 4 times in sequence per rotation,
5	# passing a Step field: createSecret, setSecret, testSecret, finishSecret.
6	# Each step must return cleanly for the rotation to advance.
7	#
8	# Reference:
9	#   https://docs.aws.amazon.com/secretsmanager/latest/userguide/rotate-secrets_lambda-functions.html
10	
11	import json
12	import logging
13	import os
14	
15	import boto3
16	
17	logger = logging.getLogger()
18	logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
19	
20	ENDPOINT = os.environ.get("SECRETS_MANAGER_ENDPOINT") or os.environ.get(
21	    "AWS_ENDPOINT_URL"
22	)
23	
24	
25	def _client():
26	    return boto3.client("secretsmanager", endpoint_url=ENDPOINT) if ENDPOINT else boto3.client("secretsmanager")
27	
28	
29	def lambda_handler(event, context):
30	    arn = event["SecretId"]
31	    token = event["ClientRequestToken"]
32	    step = event["Step"]
33	
34	    client = _client()
35	
36	    desc = client.describe_secret(SecretId=arn)
37	    if not desc.get("RotationEnabled"):
38	        logger.error("Secret %s is not enabled for rotation", arn)
39	        raise ValueError(f"Secret {arn} is not enabled for rotation")
40	
41	    versions = desc.get("VersionIdsToStages", {})
42	    if token not in versions:
43	        logger.error("Secret version %s has no stage for rotation of %s", token, arn)
44	        raise ValueError(f"Secret version {token} has no stage for rotation of secret {arn}")
45	    if "AWSCURRENT" in versions[token]:
46	        logger.info("Secret version %s already AWSCURRENT for %s", token, arn)
47	        return
48	    if "AWSPENDING" not in versions[token]:
49	        logger.error("Secret version %s not staged as AWSPENDING for %s", token, arn)
50	        raise ValueError(f"Secret version {token} not set as AWSPENDING for rotation of secret {arn}")
51	
52	    if step == "createSecret":
53	        create_secret(client, arn, token)
54	    elif step == "setSecret":
55	        set_secret(client, arn, token)
56	    elif step == "testSecret":
57	        test_secret(client, arn, token)
58	    elif step == "finishSecret":
59	        finish_secret(client, arn, token)
60	    else:
61	        raise ValueError(f"Invalid step parameter: {step}")
62	
63	
64	def create_secret(client, arn, token):
65	    # Generate a new candidate value and stash it as AWSPENDING.
66	    client.get_secret_value(SecretId=arn, VersionStage="AWSCURRENT")
67	
68	    try:
69	        client.get_secret_value(SecretId=arn, VersionId=token, VersionStage="AWSPENDING")
70	        logger.info("createSecret: pending version %s already exists", token)
71	    except client.exceptions.ResourceNotFoundException:
72	        password = client.get_random_password(PasswordLength=32, ExcludePunctuation=True)
73	        client.put_secret_value(
74	            SecretId=arn,
75	            ClientRequestToken=token,
76	            SecretString=json.dumps({"password": password["RandomPassword"]}),
77	            VersionStages=["AWSPENDING"],
78	        )
79	        logger.info("createSecret: stored new AWSPENDING version %s", token)
80	
81	
82	def set_secret(client, arn, token):
83	    # No external system to update for a self-contained secret; validate
84	    # that both AWSCURRENT and AWSPENDING are readable and move on.
85	    client.get_secret_value(SecretId=arn, VersionStage="AWSCURRENT")
86	    client.get_secret_value(SecretId=arn, VersionId=token, VersionStage="AWSPENDING")
87	    logger.info("setSecret: both stages readable")
88	
89	
90	def test_secret(client, arn, token):
91	    # Sanity-check the pending value parses as JSON with a non-empty
92	    # password field. Real handlers would attempt a login here.
93	    pending = client.get_secret_value(SecretId=arn, VersionId=token, VersionStage="AWSPENDING")
94	    parsed = json.loads(pending["SecretString"])
95	    if not parsed.get("password"):
96	        raise ValueError("testSecret: pending value has no password")
97	    logger.info("testSecret: pending value validated")
98	
99	
100	def finish_secret(client, arn, token):
101	    # TODO: promote the AWSPENDING version to AWSCURRENT here.
102	    # Without this, rotation will appear to succeed from Secrets
103	    # Manager's orchestrator but AWSCURRENT never advances and
104	    # consumers keep reading the old password.
105	    logger.info("finishSecret: (no-op)")
106

/app/setup.sh

contents
1	#!/bin/bash
2	# Seeds LocalStack with the broken-by-design state the agent inherits:
3	#   - customer-managed KMS CMK (alias alias/app-rotation-key)
4	#   - Secrets Manager secret encrypted with that CMK
5	#   - IAM role for the rotation Lambda (with deliberately incomplete policy)
6	#   - Rotation Lambda (with a subtle bug in finishSecret)
7	#   - Rotation configured on the secret, pointing at the Lambda
8	#
9	# The task expects these resources to already exist when the agent starts
10	# working. The agent must find the bugs and make `rotate-secret` actually
11	# advance AWSCURRENT end-to-end.
12	
13	set -euo pipefail
14	
15	REGION="${AWS_DEFAULT_REGION:-us-east-1}"
16	ACCOUNT_ID="000000000000"
17	SECRET_NAME="app/db/password"
18	ROLE_NAME="secrets-rotator-role"
19	FUNCTION="secrets-rotator"
20	KEY_ALIAS="alias/app-rotation-key"
21	
22	log() { echo "[setup] $*" >&2; }
23	
24	log "waiting for localstack health..."
25	for _ in $(seq 1 60); do
26	  if curl -sf http://localstack:4566/_localstack/health | grep -q '"secretsmanager": "available"'; then
27	    break
28	  fi
29	  sleep 2
30	done
31	
32	# 1. CMK with a minimal key policy (root admin only , no grant for the
33	#    rotation Lambda role yet).
34	log "creating KMS CMK"
35	KEY_POLICY=$(cat <<JSON
36	{
37	  "Version": "2012-10-17",
38	  "Id": "app-rotation-key-policy",
39	  "Statement": [
40	    {
41	      "Sid": "EnableRootAdmin",
42	      "Effect": "Allow",
43	      "Principal": { "AWS": "arn:aws:iam::${ACCOUNT_ID}:root" },
44	      "Action": "kms:*",
45	      "Resource": "*"
46	    }
47	  ]
48	}
49	JSON
50	)
51	KEY_ID=$(aws kms create-key \
52	  --description "Customer CMK for app/db/password" \
53	  --key-usage ENCRYPT_DECRYPT \
54	  --policy "$KEY_POLICY" \
55	  --query 'KeyMetadata.KeyId' --output text)
56	aws kms create-alias --alias-name "$KEY_ALIAS" --target-key-id "$KEY_ID" >/dev/null
57	KEY_ARN="arn:aws:kms:${REGION}:${ACCOUNT_ID}:key/${KEY_ID}"
58	log "created CMK $KEY_ID"
59	
60	# 2. Secret, encrypted with the CMK.
61	log "creating secret"
62	aws secretsmanager create-secret \
63	  --name "$SECRET_NAME" \
64	  --kms-key-id "$KEY_ARN" \
65	  --secret-string '{"password": "initial-placeholder-value"}' \
66	  --description "App DB password, rotated by Lambda" >/dev/null
67	
68	SECRET_ARN=$(aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id "$SECRET_NAME" \
69	  --query 'ARN' --output text)
70	log "created secret $SECRET_ARN"
71	
72	# 3. IAM role for the rotation Lambda. Deliberately incomplete , has
73	#    secretsmanager:* but no KMS actions. The broken state the agent
74	#    inherits.
75	log "creating rotation Lambda role"
76	TRUST=$(cat <<'JSON'
77	{
78	  "Version": "2012-10-17",
79	  "Statement": [
80	    {"Effect": "Allow", "Principal": {"Service": "lambda.amazonaws.com"}, "Action": "sts:AssumeRole"}
81	  ]
82	}
83	JSON
84	)
85	aws iam create-role \
86	  --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" \
87	  --assume-role-policy-document "$TRUST" >/dev/null
88	
89	aws iam attach-role-policy \
90	  --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" \
91	  --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/service-role/AWSLambdaBasicExecutionRole
92	
93	INLINE=$(cat <<JSON
94	{
95	  "Version": "2012-10-17",
96	  "Statement": [
97	    {
98	      "Effect": "Allow",
99	      "Action": [
100	        "secretsmanager:DescribeSecret",
101	        "secretsmanager:GetSecretValue",
102	        "secretsmanager:PutSecretValue",
103	        "secretsmanager:UpdateSecretVersionStage"
104	      ],
105	      "Resource": "${SECRET_ARN}"
106	    },
107	    {
108	      "Effect": "Allow",
109	      "Action": "secretsmanager:GetRandomPassword",
110	      "Resource": "*"
111	    }
112	  ]
113	}
114	JSON
115	)
116	aws iam put-role-policy \
117	  --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" \
118	  --policy-name SecretsRotatorPolicy \
119	  --policy-document "$INLINE"
120	
121	ROLE_ARN=$(aws iam get-role --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" --query 'Role.Arn' --output text)
122	log "created role $ROLE_ARN"
123	
124	# 4. Package + deploy the rotation Lambda (with its buggy handler).
125	log "packaging rotation Lambda"
126	WORKDIR="$(mktemp -d)"
127	cp /app/handler.py "${WORKDIR}/handler.py"
128	(cd "$WORKDIR" && zip -q handler.zip handler.py)
129	
130	aws lambda create-function \
131	  --function-name "$FUNCTION" \
132	  --runtime python3.11 \
133	  --role "$ROLE_ARN" \
134	  --handler handler.lambda_handler \
135	  --timeout 30 \
136	  --memory-size 256 \
137	  --environment "Variables={SECRETS_MANAGER_ENDPOINT=http://localstack:4566}" \
138	  --zip-file "fileb://${WORKDIR}/handler.zip" >/dev/null
139	
140	for _ in $(seq 1 30); do
141	  STATE=$(aws lambda get-function --function-name "$FUNCTION" \
142	    --query 'Configuration.State' --output text 2>/dev/null || echo "Pending")
143	  [ "$STATE" = "Active" ] && break
144	  sleep 1
145	done
146	log "Lambda $FUNCTION active"
147	
148	# NOTE: deliberately NOT calling `aws lambda add-permission` with
149	# principal secretsmanager.amazonaws.com. The agent must add that.
150	
151	# 5. Attach rotation config on the secret. Secrets Manager refuses to
152	#    attach unless the rotation Lambda already grants it InvokeFunction,
153	#    so we temporarily add that permission, attach rotation, then remove
154	#    the permission so the agent still has to re-add it as part of their
155	#    fix. Net result: RotationEnabled=true but rotation fails at runtime
156	#    because of the other broken layers (KMS grants, handler bug, Lambda
157	#    resource policy).
158	log "attaching rotation config (temp Lambda permission)"
159	FUNCTION_ARN="arn:aws:lambda:${REGION}:${ACCOUNT_ID}:function:${FUNCTION}"
160	aws lambda add-permission \
161	  --function-name "$FUNCTION" \
162	  --statement-id TempRotationSetup \
163	  --action lambda:InvokeFunction \
164	  --principal secretsmanager.amazonaws.com \
165	  --source-arn "$SECRET_ARN" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
166	
167	if aws secretsmanager rotate-secret \
168	     --secret-id "$SECRET_NAME" \
169	     --rotation-lambda-arn "$FUNCTION_ARN" \
170	     --rotation-rules AutomaticallyAfterDays=30 \
171	     --no-rotate-immediately >/dev/null 2>&1; then
172	  log "rotation attached (no immediate trigger)"
173	elif aws secretsmanager rotate-secret \
174	       --secret-id "$SECRET_NAME" \
175	       --rotation-lambda-arn "$FUNCTION_ARN" \
176	       --rotation-rules AutomaticallyAfterDays=30 >/dev/null 2>&1; then
177	  log "rotation attached (first run may have fired)"
178	else
179	  log "rotate-secret failed even with temp permission , check LocalStack compat"
180	fi
181	
182	# Strip the temp permission so the agent still has to add it.
183	aws lambda remove-permission \
184	  --function-name "$FUNCTION" \
185	  --statement-id TempRotationSetup >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
186	
187	log "done"
188
Let me check the current state of the resources.

Inspect secret

shell
aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id app/db/password
output
{
    "ARN": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-zLciVt",
    "Name": "app/db/password",
    "Description": "App DB password, rotated by Lambda",
    "KmsKeyId": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/f559f8aa-d6b9-4364-9b56-83935f1be99f",
    "RotationEnabled": true,
    "RotationLambdaARN": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:000000000000:function:secrets-rotator",
    "RotationRules": {
        "AutomaticallyAfterDays": 30
    },
    "LastRotatedDate": "2026-04-22T19:41:11+00:00",
    "LastChangedDate": "2026-04-22T19:41:08.037000+00:00",
    "LastAccessedDate": "2026-04-22T00:00:00+00:00",
    "NextRotationDate": "2026-05-22T19:41:06+00:00",
    "VersionIdsToStages": {
        "5f6dcd1b-5af5-4fc8-baf6-51e3bb0b9783": [
            "AWSCURRENT"
        ],
        "39e9631b-5925-4950-ab75-2ab447df5e0e": [
            "AWSPENDING"
        ]
    },
    "CreatedDate": "2026-04-22T19:40:58.007729+00:00"
}

[stdout]
{
    "ARN": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-zLciVt",
    "Name": "app/db/password",
    "Description": "App DB password, rotated by Lambda",
    "KmsKeyId": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/f559f8aa-d6b9-4364-9b56-83935f1be99f",
    "RotationEnabled": true,
    "RotationLambdaARN": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:000000000000:function:secrets-rotator",
    "RotationRules": {
        "AutomaticallyAfterDays": 30
    },
    "LastRotatedDate": "2026-04-22T19:41:11+00:00",
    "LastChangedDate": "2026-04-22T19:41:08.037000+00:00",
    "LastAccessedDate": "2026-04-22T00:00:00+00:00",
    "NextRotationDate": "2026-05-22T19:41:06+00:00",
    "VersionIdsToStages": {
        "5f6dcd1b-5af5-4fc8-baf6-51e3bb0b9783": [
            "AWSCURRENT"
        ],
        "39e9631b-5925-4950-ab75-2ab447df5e0e": [
            "AWSPENDING"
        ]
    },
    "CreatedDate": "2026-04-22T19:40:58.007729+00:00"
}

Try rotation to see error

shell
aws secretsmanager rotate-secret --secret-id app/db/password 2>&1
output
{
    "ARN": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-zLciVt",
    "Name": "app/db/password",
    "VersionId": "39e9631b-5925-4950-ab75-2ab447df5e0e"
}

[stdout]
{
    "ARN": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-zLciVt",
    "Name": "app/db/password",
    "VersionId": "39e9631b-5925-4950-ab75-2ab447df5e0e"
}

Check secret stages after rotate

shell
sleep 3; aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id app/db/password --query 'VersionIdsToStages'
output
{
    "5f6dcd1b-5af5-4fc8-baf6-51e3bb0b9783": [
        "AWSCURRENT"
    ],
    "39e9631b-5925-4950-ab75-2ab447df5e0e": [
        "AWSPENDING"
    ]
}

[stdout]
{
    "5f6dcd1b-5af5-4fc8-baf6-51e3bb0b9783": [
        "AWSCURRENT"
    ],
    "39e9631b-5925-4950-ab75-2ab447df5e0e": [
        "AWSPENDING"
    ]
}

Check Lambda resource policy and config

shell
aws lambda get-policy --function-name secrets-rotator 2>&1; echo "---"; aws lambda get-function-configuration --function-name secrets-rotator
output
aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (ResourceNotFoundException) when calling the GetPolicy operation: The resource you requested does not exist.

Additional error details:
Type: User
---
{
    "FunctionName": "secrets-rotator",
    "FunctionArn": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:000000000000:function:secrets-rotator",
    "Runtime": "python3.11",
    "Role": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:role/secrets-rotator-role",
    "Handler": "handler.lambda_handler",
    "CodeSize": 1594,
    "Description": "",
    "Timeout": 30,
    "MemorySize": 256,
    "LastModified": "2026-04-22T19:41:00.511929+0000",
    "CodeSha256": "EUrzkxhJtdROVWMEENCirFXkGEqBUf7gWZMGFw0b83o=",
    "Version": "$LATEST",
    "Environment": {
        "Variables": {
            "SECRETS_MANAGER_ENDPOINT": "http://localstack:4566"
        }
    },
    "TracingConfig": {
        "Mode": "PassThrough"
    },
    "RevisionId": "59fbe9f4-78bc-4dcf-90c1-cf360fab2116",
    "State": "Active",
    "LastUpdateStatus": "Successful",
    "PackageType": "Zip",
    "Architectures": [
        "x86_64"
    ],
    "EphemeralStorage": {
        "Size": 512
    },
    "SnapStart": {
        "ApplyOn": "None",
        "OptimizationStatus": "Off"
    },
    "RuntimeVersionConfig": {
        "RuntimeVersionArn": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1::runtime:8eeff65f6809a3ce81507fe733fe09b835899b99481ba22fd75b5a7338290ec1"
    },
    "LoggingConfig": {
        "LogFormat": "Text",
        "LogGroup": "/aws/lambda/secrets-rotator"
    }
}

[stdout]
aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (ResourceNotFoundException) when calling the GetPolicy operation: The resource you requested does not exist.

Additional error details:
Type: User
---
{
    "FunctionName": "secrets-rotator",
    "FunctionArn": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:000000000000:function:secrets-rotator",
    "Runtime": "python3.11",
    "Role": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:role/secrets-rotator-role",
    "Handler": "handler.lambda_handler",
    "CodeSize": 1594,
    "Description": "",
    "Timeout": 30,
    "MemorySize": 256,
    "LastModified": "2026-04-22T19:41:00.511929+0000",
    "CodeSha256": "EUrzkxhJtdROVWMEENCirFXkGEqBUf7gWZMGFw0b83o=",
    "Version": "$LATEST",
    "Environment": {
        "Variables": {
            "SECRETS_MANAGER_ENDPOINT": "http://localstack:4566"
        }
    },
    "TracingConfig": {
        "Mode": "PassThrough"
    },
    "RevisionId": "59fbe9f4-78bc-4dcf-90c1-cf360fab2116",
    "State": "Active",
    "LastUpdateStatus": "Successful",
    "PackageType": "Zip",
    "Architectures": [
        "x86_64"
    ],
    "EphemeralStorage": {
        "Size": 512
    },
    "SnapStart": {
        "ApplyOn": "None",
        "OptimizationStatus": "Off"
    },
    "RuntimeVersionConfig": {
        "RuntimeVersionArn": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1::runtime:8eeff65f6809a3ce81507fe733fe09b835899b99481ba22fd75b5a7338290ec1"
    },
    "LoggingConfig": {
        "LogFormat": "Text",
        "LogGroup": "/aws/lambda/secrets-rotator"
    }
}

Inspect KMS key policy and grants

shell
KEY_ID=$(aws kms describe-key --key-id alias/app-rotation-key --query 'KeyMetadata.KeyId' --output text); echo "KEY_ID=$KEY_ID"; aws kms get-key-policy --key-id "$KEY_ID" --policy-name default --output text; echo "---"; aws kms list-grants --key-id "$KEY_ID"
output
KEY_ID=f559f8aa-d6b9-4364-9b56-83935f1be99f
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Id": "app-rotation-key-policy",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Sid": "EnableRootAdmin",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": { "AWS": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:root" },
      "Action": "kms:*",
      "Resource": "*"
    }
  ]
}
---
{
    "Grants": []
}

[stdout]
KEY_ID=f559f8aa-d6b9-4364-9b56-83935f1be99f
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Id": "app-rotation-key-policy",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Sid": "EnableRootAdmin",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": { "AWS": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:root" },
      "Action": "kms:*",
      "Resource": "*"
    }
  ]
}
---
{
    "Grants": []
}

Check inline role policy

shell
aws iam get-role-policy --role-name secrets-rotator-role --policy-name SecretsRotatorPolicy
output
{
    "RoleName": "secrets-rotator-role",
    "PolicyName": "SecretsRotatorPolicy",
    "PolicyDocument": {
        "Version": "2012-10-17",
        "Statement": [
            {
                "Effect": "Allow",
                "Action": [
                    "secretsmanager:DescribeSecret",
                    "secretsmanager:GetSecretValue",
                    "secretsmanager:PutSecretValue",
                    "secretsmanager:UpdateSecretVersionStage"
                ],
                "Resource": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-zLciVt"
            },
            {
                "Effect": "Allow",
                "Action": "secretsmanager:GetRandomPassword",
                "Resource": "*"
            }
        ]
    }
}

[stdout]
{
    "RoleName": "secrets-rotator-role",
    "PolicyName": "SecretsRotatorPolicy",
    "PolicyDocument": {
        "Version": "2012-10-17",
        "Statement": [
            {
                "Effect": "Allow",
                "Action": [
                    "secretsmanager:DescribeSecret",
                    "secretsmanager:GetSecretValue",
                    "secretsmanager:PutSecretValue",
                    "secretsmanager:UpdateSecretVersionStage"
                ],
                "Resource": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-zLciVt"
            },
            {
                "Effect": "Allow",
                "Action": "secretsmanager:GetRandomPassword",
                "Resource": "*"
            }
        ]
    }
}
ToolSearch
{
  "query": "select:TodoWrite",
  "max_results": 1
}

, output, 
{"type": "tool_reference", "tool_name": "TodoWrite"}
  • Fix finish_secret in handler.py to promote AWSPENDING to AWSCURRENT
  • Add KMS permissions to Lambda role with least privilege
  • Update KMS key policy to allow Secrets Manager and Lambda role
  • Add Lambda resource policy for secretsmanager.amazonaws.com
  • Redeploy Lambda and verify rotation advances AWSCURRENT

Look at Lambda logs

shell
aws logs describe-log-groups --log-group-name-prefix /aws/lambda/secrets-rotator 2>&1 | head -20; echo "---"; aws logs tail /aws/lambda/secrets-rotator --since 10m 2>&1 | tail -40
output
{
    "logGroups": [
        {
            "logGroupName": "/aws/lambda/secrets-rotator",
            "creationTime": 1776886868092,
            "metricFilterCount": 0,
            "arn": "arn:aws:logs:us-east-1:000000000000:log-group:/aws/lambda/secrets-rotator:*",
            "storedBytes": 3935,
            "logGroupClass": "STANDARD",
            "logGroupArn": "arn:aws:logs:us-east-1:000000000000:log-group:/aws/lambda/secrets-rotator"
        }
    ]
}
---
2026-04-22T19:41:08.043000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]94f51c98861627983fd822b1592c3875 START RequestId: 274740df-c5ea-40d2-a3c9-3c3c97b5487b Version: $LATEST
2026-04-22T19:41:08.043000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]94f51c98861627983fd822b1592c3875 [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:41:07.857Z	274740df-c5ea-40d2-a3c9-3c3c97b5487b	Found credentials in environment variables.
2026-04-22T19:41:08.043000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]94f51c98861627983fd822b1592c3875 [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:41:08.038Z	274740df-c5ea-40d2-a3c9-3c3c97b5487b	createSecret: stored new AWSPENDING version 39e9631b-5925-4950-ab75-2ab447df5e0e
2026-04-22T19:41:08.043000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]94f51c98861627983fd822b1592c3875 END RequestId: 274740df-c5ea-40d2-a3c9-3c3c97b5487b
2026-04-22T19:41:08.043000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]94f51c98861627983fd822b1592c3875 REPORT RequestId: 274740df-c5ea-40d2-a3c9-3c3c97b5487b	Duration: 236.18 ms	Billed Duration: 237 ms	Memory Size: 256 MB	Max Memory Used: 256 MB
2026-04-22T19:41:09.174000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]69b5695965878bf61b48c7f166e3ccd5 START RequestId: 30ab8ade-9414-477a-80ce-ca0ca9995f67 Version: $LATEST
2026-04-22T19:41:09.174000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]69b5695965878bf61b48c7f166e3ccd5 [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:41:09.007Z	30ab8ade-9414-477a-80ce-ca0ca9995f67	Found credentials in environment variables.
2026-04-22T19:41:09.174000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]69b5695965878bf61b48c7f166e3ccd5 [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:41:09.169Z	30ab8ade-9414-477a-80ce-ca0ca9995f67	setSecret: both stages readable
2026-04-22T19:41:09.174000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]69b5695965878bf61b48c7f166e3ccd5 END RequestId: 30ab8ade-9414-477a-80ce-ca0ca9995f67
2026-04-22T19:41:09.174000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]69b5695965878bf61b48c7f166e3ccd5 REPORT RequestId: 30ab8ade-9414-477a-80ce-ca0ca9995f67	Duration: 215.21 ms	Billed Duration: 216 ms	Memory Size: 256 MB	Max Memory Used: 256 MB
2026-04-22T19:41:10.284000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]b38927da2e8c49dcf74cf248ef848378 START RequestId: 5c2acda0-e903-4b37-9765-866a69e9b62c Version: $LATEST
2026-04-22T19:41:10.284000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]b38927da2e8c49dcf74cf248ef848378 [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:41:10.106Z	5c2acda0-e903-4b37-9765-866a69e9b62c	Found credentials in environment variables.
2026-04-22T19:41:10.284000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]b38927da2e8c49dcf74cf248ef848378 [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:41:10.279Z	5c2acda0-e903-4b37-9765-866a69e9b62c	testSecret: pending value validated
2026-04-22T19:41:10.284000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]b38927da2e8c49dcf74cf248ef848378 END RequestId: 5c2acda0-e903-4b37-9765-866a69e9b62c
2026-04-22T19:41:10.284000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]b38927da2e8c49dcf74cf248ef848378 REPORT RequestId: 5c2acda0-e903-4b37-9765-866a69e9b62c	Duration: 225.69 ms	Billed Duration: 226 ms	Memory Size: 256 MB	Max Memory Used: 256 MB
2026-04-22T19:41:11.503000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]798c47acba794eb943cc02751ce20dbb START RequestId: b42188c3-de39-4a53-bf90-e67f35565f46 Version: $LATEST
2026-04-22T19:41:11.503000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]798c47acba794eb943cc02751ce20dbb [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:41:11.341Z	b42188c3-de39-4a53-bf90-e67f35565f46	Found credentials in environment variables.
2026-04-22T19:41:11.503000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]798c47acba794eb943cc02751ce20dbb [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:41:11.498Z	b42188c3-de39-4a53-bf90-e67f35565f46	finishSecret: (no-op)
2026-04-22T19:41:11.503000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]798c47acba794eb943cc02751ce20dbb END RequestId: b42188c3-de39-4a53-bf90-e67f35565f46
2026-04-22T19:41:11.503000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]798c47acba794eb943cc02751ce20dbb REPORT RequestId: b42188c3-de39-4a53-bf90-e67f35565f46	Duration: 211.57 ms	Billed Duration: 212 ms	Memory Size: 256 MB	Max Memory Used: 256 MB
2026-04-22T19:42:52.326000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]896de0c77931722fd2b05799dc4d7132 START RequestId: 9cf983a1-292b-4109-9c00-4a8e720fe1cc Version: $LATEST
2026-04-22T19:42:52.326000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]896de0c77931722fd2b05799dc4d7132 [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:42:52.149Z	9cf983a1-292b-4109-9c00-4a8e720fe1cc	Found credentials in environment variables.
2026-04-22T19:42:52.326000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]896de0c77931722fd2b05799dc4d7132 [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:42:52.321Z	9cf983a1-292b-4109-9c00-4a8e720fe1cc	createSecret: pending version 39e9631b-5925-4950-ab75-2ab447df5e0e already exists
2026-04-22T19:42:52.326000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]896de0c77931722fd2b05799dc4d7132 END RequestId: 9cf983a1-292b-4109-9c00-4a8e720fe1cc
2026-04-22T19:42:52.326000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]896de0c77931722fd2b05799dc4d7132 REPORT RequestId: 9cf983a1-292b-4109-9c00-4a8e720fe1cc	Duration: 224.34 ms	Billed Duration: 225 ms	Memory Size: 256 MB	Max Memory Used: 256 MB
2026-04-22T19:42:53.446000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]20fd5cafe2ec358e4f06758823fd93be START RequestId: 756edb9d-08fb-418c-a223-6490b4f5b0ac Version: $LATEST
2026-04-22T19:42:53.446000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]20fd5cafe2ec358e4f06758823fd93be [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:42:53.279Z	756edb9d-08fb-418c-a223-6490b4f5b0ac	Found credentials in environment variables.
2026-04-22T19:42:53.446000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]20fd5cafe2ec358e4f06758823fd93be [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:42:53.441Z	756edb9d-08fb-418c-a223-6490b4f5b0ac	setSecret: both stages readable
2026-04-22T19:42:53.446000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]20fd5cafe2ec358e4f06758823fd93be END RequestId: 756edb9d-08fb-418c-a223-6490b4f5b0ac
2026-04-22T19:42:53.446000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]20fd5cafe2ec358e4f06758823fd93be REPORT RequestId: 756edb9d-08fb-418c-a223-6490b4f5b0ac	Duration: 213.76 ms	Billed Duration: 214 ms	Memory Size: 256 MB	Max Memory Used: 256 MB
2026-04-22T19:42:54.632000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]43ed70aacb018422a47b123d3bb66f62 START RequestId: dca238f6-9391-4b23-8123-095110338c07 Version: $LATEST
2026-04-22T19:42:54.632000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]43ed70aacb018422a47b123d3bb66f62 [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:42:54.468Z	dca238f6-9391-4b23-8123-095110338c07	Found credentials in environment variables.
2026-04-22T19:42:54.632000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]43ed70aacb018422a47b123d3bb66f62 [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:42:54.627Z	dca238f6-9391-4b23-8123-095110338c07	testSecret: pending value validated
2026-04-22T19:42:54.632000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]43ed70aacb018422a47b123d3bb66f62 END RequestId: dca238f6-9391-4b23-8123-095110338c07
2026-04-22T19:42:54.632000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]43ed70aacb018422a47b123d3bb66f62 REPORT RequestId: dca238f6-9391-4b23-8123-095110338c07	Duration: 210.42 ms	Billed Duration: 211 ms	Memory Size: 256 MB	Max Memory Used: 256 MB
2026-04-22T19:42:55.747000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]8ff8e570cf641117b6af2b415e8f3444 START RequestId: 84188510-a9d9-48af-9e6d-fe14febe4980 Version: $LATEST
2026-04-22T19:42:55.747000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]8ff8e570cf641117b6af2b415e8f3444 [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:42:55.590Z	84188510-a9d9-48af-9e6d-fe14febe4980	Found credentials in environment variables.
2026-04-22T19:42:55.747000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]8ff8e570cf641117b6af2b415e8f3444 [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:42:55.741Z	84188510-a9d9-48af-9e6d-fe14febe4980	finishSecret: (no-op)
2026-04-22T19:42:55.747000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]8ff8e570cf641117b6af2b415e8f3444 END RequestId: 84188510-a9d9-48af-9e6d-fe14febe4980
2026-04-22T19:42:55.747000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]8ff8e570cf641117b6af2b415e8f3444 REPORT RequestId: 84188510-a9d9-48af-9e6d-fe14febe4980	Duration: 202.32 ms	Billed Duration: 203 ms	Memory Size: 256 MB	Max Memory Used: 256 MB

[stdout]
{
    "logGroups": [
        {
            "logGroupName": "/aws/lambda/secrets-rotator",
            "creationTime": 1776886868092,
            "metricFilterCount": 0,
            "arn": "arn:aws:logs:us-east-1:000000000000:log-group:/aws/lambda/secrets-rotator:*",
            "storedBytes": 3935,
            "logGroupClass": "STANDARD",
            "logGroupArn": "arn:aws:logs:us-east-1:000000000000:log-group:/aws/lambda/secrets-rotator"
        }
    ]
}
---
2026-04-22T19:41:08.043000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]94f51c98861627983fd822b1592c3875 START RequestId: 274740df-c5ea-40d2-a3c9-3c3c97b5487b Version: $LATEST
2026-04-22T19:41:08.043000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]94f51c98861627983fd822b1592c3875 [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:41:07.857Z	274740df-c5ea-40d2-a3c9-3c3c97b5487b	Found credentials in environment variables.
2026-04-22T19:41:08.043000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]94f51c98861627983fd822b1592c3875 [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:41:08.038Z	274740df-c5ea-40d2-a3c9-3c3c97b5487b	createSecret: stored new AWSPENDING version 39e9631b-5925-4950-ab75-2ab447df5e0e
2026-04-22T19:41:08.043000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]94f51c98861627983fd822b1592c3875 END RequestId: 274740df-c5ea-40d2-a3c9-3c3c97b5487b
2026-04-22T19:41:08.043000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]94f51c98861627983fd822b1592c3875 REPORT RequestId: 274740df-c5ea-40d2-a3c9-3c3c97b5487b	Duration: 236.18 ms	Billed Duration: 237 ms	Memory Size: 256 MB	Max Memory Used: 256 MB
2026-04-22T19:41:09.174000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]69b5695965878bf61b48c7f166e3ccd5 START RequestId: 30ab8ade-9414-477a-80ce-ca0ca9995f67 Version: $LATEST
2026-04-22T19:41:09.174000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]69b5695965878bf61b48c7f166e3ccd5 [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:41:09.007Z	30ab8ade-9414-477a-80ce-ca0ca9995f67	Found credentials in environment variables.
2026-04-22T19:41:09.174000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]69b5695965878bf61b48c7f166e3ccd5 [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:41:09.169Z	30ab8ade-9414-477a-80ce-ca0ca9995f67	setSecret: both stages readable
2026-04-22T19:41:09.174000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]69b5695965878bf61b48c7f166e3ccd5 END RequestId: 30ab8ade-9414-477a-80ce-ca0ca9995f67
2026-04-22T19:41:09.174000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]69b5695965878bf61b48c7f166e3ccd5 REPORT RequestId: 30ab8ade-9414-477a-80ce-ca0ca9995f67	Duration: 215.21 ms	Billed Duration: 216 ms	Memory Size: 256 MB	Max Memory Used: 256 MB
2026-04-22T19:41:10.284000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]b38927da2e8c49dcf74cf248ef848378 START RequestId: 5c2acda0-e903-4b37-9765-866a69e9b62c Version: $LATEST
2026-04-22T19:41:10.284000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]b38927da2e8c49dcf74cf248ef848378 [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:41:10.106Z	5c2acda0-e903-4b37-9765-866a69e9b62c	Found credentials in environment variables.
2026-04-22T19:41:10.284000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]b38927da2e8c49dcf74cf248ef848378 [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:41:10.279Z	5c2acda0-e903-4b37-9765-866a69e9b62c	testSecret: pending value validated
2026-04-22T19:41:10.284000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]b38927da2e8c49dcf74cf248ef848378 END RequestId: 5c2acda0-e903-4b37-9765-866a69e9b62c
2026-04-22T19:41:10.284000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]b38927da2e8c49dcf74cf248ef848378 REPORT RequestId: 5c2acda0-e903-4b37-9765-866a69e9b62c	Duration: 225.69 ms	Billed Duration: 226 ms	Memory Size: 256 MB	Max Memory Used: 256 MB
2026-04-22T19:41:11.503000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]798c47acba794eb943cc02751ce20dbb START RequestId: b42188c3-de39-4a53-bf90-e67f35565f46 Version: $LATEST
2026-04-22T19:41:11.503000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]798c47acba794eb943cc02751ce20dbb [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:41:11.341Z	b42188c3-de39-4a53-bf90-e67f35565f46	Found credentials in environment variables.
2026-04-22T19:41:11.503000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]798c47acba794eb943cc02751ce20dbb [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:41:11.498Z	b42188c3-de39-4a53-bf90-e67f35565f46	finishSecret: (no-op)
2026-04-22T19:41:11.503000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]798c47acba794eb943cc02751ce20dbb END RequestId: b42188c3-de39-4a53-bf90-e67f35565f46
2026-04-22T19:41:11.503000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]798c47acba794eb943cc02751ce20dbb REPORT RequestId: b42188c3-de39-4a53-bf90-e67f35565f46	Duration: 211.57 ms	Billed Duration: 212 ms	Memory Size: 256 MB	Max Memory Used: 256 MB
2026-04-22T19:42:52.326000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]896de0c77931722fd2b05799dc4d7132 START RequestId: 9cf983a1-292b-4109-9c00-4a8e720fe1cc Version: $LATEST
2026-04-22T19:42:52.326000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]896de0c77931722fd2b05799dc4d7132 [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:42:52.149Z	9cf983a1-292b-4109-9c00-4a8e720fe1cc	Found credentials in environment variables.
2026-04-22T19:42:52.326000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]896de0c77931722fd2b05799dc4d7132 [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:42:52.321Z	9cf983a1-292b-4109-9c00-4a8e720fe1cc	createSecret: pending version 39e9631b-5925-4950-ab75-2ab447df5e0e already exists
2026-04-22T19:42:52.326000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]896de0c77931722fd2b05799dc4d7132 END RequestId: 9cf983a1-292b-4109-9c00-4a8e720fe1cc
2026-04-22T19:42:52.326000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]896de0c77931722fd2b05799dc4d7132 REPORT RequestId: 9cf983a1-292b-4109-9c00-4a8e720fe1cc	Duration: 224.34 ms	Billed Duration: 225 ms	Memory Size: 256 MB	Max Memory Used: 256 MB
2026-04-22T19:42:53.446000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]20fd5cafe2ec358e4f06758823fd93be START RequestId: 756edb9d-08fb-418c-a223-6490b4f5b0ac Version: $LATEST
2026-04-22T19:42:53.446000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]20fd5cafe2ec358e4f06758823fd93be [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:42:53.279Z	756edb9d-08fb-418c-a223-6490b4f5b0ac	Found credentials in environment variables.
2026-04-22T19:42:53.446000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]20fd5cafe2ec358e4f06758823fd93be [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:42:53.441Z	756edb9d-08fb-418c-a223-6490b4f5b0ac	setSecret: both stages readable
2026-04-22T19:42:53.446000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]20fd5cafe2ec358e4f06758823fd93be END RequestId: 756edb9d-08fb-418c-a223-6490b4f5b0ac
2026-04-22T19:42:53.446000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]20fd5cafe2ec358e4f06758823fd93be REPORT RequestId: 756edb9d-08fb-418c-a223-6490b4f5b0ac	Duration: 213.76 ms	Billed Duration: 214 ms	Memory Size: 256 MB	Max Memory Used: 256 MB
2026-04-22T19:42:54.632000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]43ed70aacb018422a47b123d3bb66f62 START RequestId: dca238f6-9391-4b23-8123-095110338c07 Version: $LATEST
2026-04-22T19:42:54.632000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]43ed70aacb018422a47b123d3bb66f62 [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:42:54.468Z	dca238f6-9391-4b23-8123-095110338c07	Found credentials in environment variables.
2026-04-22T19:42:54.632000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]43ed70aacb018422a47b123d3bb66f62 [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:42:54.627Z	dca238f6-9391-4b23-8123-095110338c07	testSecret: pending value validated
2026-04-22T19:42:54.632000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]43ed70aacb018422a47b123d3bb66f62 END RequestId: dca238f6-9391-4b23-8123-095110338c07
2026-04-22T19:42:54.632000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]43ed70aacb018422a47b123d3bb66f62 REPORT RequestId: dca238f6-9391-4b23-8123-095110338c07	Duration: 210.42 ms	Billed Duration: 211 ms	Memory Size: 256 MB	Max Memory Used: 256 MB
2026-04-22T19:42:55.747000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]8ff8e570cf641117b6af2b415e8f3444 START RequestId: 84188510-a9d9-48af-9e6d-fe14febe4980 Version: $LATEST
2026-04-22T19:42:55.747000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]8ff8e570cf641117b6af2b415e8f3444 [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:42:55.590Z	84188510-a9d9-48af-9e6d-fe14febe4980	Found credentials in environment variables.
2026-04-22T19:42:55.747000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]8ff8e570cf641117b6af2b415e8f3444 [INFO]	2026-04-22T19:42:55.741Z	84188510-a9d9-48af-9e6d-fe14febe4980	finishSecret: (no-op)
2026-04-22T19:42:55.747000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]8ff8e570cf641117b6af2b415e8f3444 END RequestId: 84188510-a9d9-48af-9e6d-fe14febe4980
2026-04-22T19:42:55.747000+00:00 2026/04/22/[$LATEST]8ff8e570cf641117b6af2b415e8f3444 REPORT RequestId: 84188510-a9d9-48af-9e6d-fe14febe4980	Duration: 202.32 ms	Billed Duration: 203 ms	Memory Size: 256 MB	Max Memory Used: 256 MB
All four steps run; finishSecret is a no-op. Now let me fix the handler and wire up the IAM/KMS/Lambda policies properly.

/app/handler.py

− removed
def finish_secret(client, arn, token):
    # TODO: promote the AWSPENDING version to AWSCURRENT here.
    # Without this, rotation will appear to succeed from Secrets
    # Manager's orchestrator but AWSCURRENT never advances and
    # consumers keep reading the old password.
    logger.info("finishSecret: (no-op)")
+ added
def finish_secret(client, arn, token):
    desc = client.describe_secret(SecretId=arn)
    current_version = None
    for version_id, stages in desc["VersionIdsToStages"].items():
        if "AWSCURRENT" in stages:
            if version_id == token:
                logger.info("finishSecret: %s already AWSCURRENT", token)
                return
            current_version = version_id
            break

    client.update_secret_version_stage(
        SecretId=arn,
        VersionStage="AWSCURRENT",
        MoveToVersionId=token,
        RemoveFromVersionId=current_version,
    )
    logger.info("finishSecret: promoted %s to AWSCURRENT", token)
  • Fix finish_secret in handler.py to promote AWSPENDING to AWSCURRENT
  • Add KMS permissions to Lambda role with least privilege
  • Update KMS key policy to allow Secrets Manager and Lambda role
  • Add Lambda resource policy for secretsmanager.amazonaws.com
  • Redeploy Lambda and verify rotation advances AWSCURRENT

Capture KMS/secret ARNs

shell
KEY_ID=$(aws kms describe-key --key-id alias/app-rotation-key --query 'KeyMetadata.KeyId' --output text)
KEY_ARN="arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/${KEY_ID}"
SECRET_ARN=$(aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id app/db/password --query 'ARN' --output text)
echo "KEY_ARN=$KEY_ARN"
echo "SECRET_ARN=$SECRET_ARN"
output
KEY_ARN=arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/f559f8aa-d6b9-4364-9b56-83935f1be99f
SECRET_ARN=arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-zLciVt

[stdout]
KEY_ARN=arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/f559f8aa-d6b9-4364-9b56-83935f1be99f
SECRET_ARN=arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-zLciVt

Update IAM role policy with KMS permissions

shell
cat > /tmp/rotator-policy.json <<'JSON'
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Sid": "SecretAccess",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "secretsmanager:DescribeSecret",
        "secretsmanager:GetSecretValue",
        "secretsmanager:PutSecretValue",
        "secretsmanager:UpdateSecretVersionStage"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-zLciVt"
    },
    {
      "Sid": "GenerateRandomPassword",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": "secretsmanager:GetRandomPassword",
      "Resource": "*"
    },
    {
      "Sid": "UseCmkViaSecretsManager",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "kms:Decrypt",
        "kms:GenerateDataKey"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/f559f8aa-d6b9-4364-9b56-83935f1be99f",
      "Condition": {
        "StringEquals": {
          "kms:ViaService": "secretsmanager.us-east-1.amazonaws.com"
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}
JSON
aws iam put-role-policy \
  --role-name secrets-rotator-role \
  --policy-name SecretsRotatorPolicy \
  --policy-document file:///tmp/rotator-policy.json
echo "role policy updated"
output
role policy updated

[stdout]
role policy updated
  • Fix finish_secret in handler.py to promote AWSPENDING to AWSCURRENT
  • Add KMS permissions to Lambda role with least privilege
  • Update KMS key policy to allow Secrets Manager and Lambda role
  • Add Lambda resource policy for secretsmanager.amazonaws.com
  • Redeploy Lambda and verify rotation advances AWSCURRENT

Update KMS key policy

shell
cat > /tmp/key-policy.json <<'JSON'
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Id": "app-rotation-key-policy",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Sid": "EnableRootAdmin",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": { "AWS": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:root" },
      "Action": "kms:*",
      "Resource": "*"
    },
    {
      "Sid": "AllowRotatorRoleUseOfKeyViaSecretsManager",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": {
        "AWS": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:role/secrets-rotator-role"
      },
      "Action": [
        "kms:Decrypt",
        "kms:GenerateDataKey"
      ],
      "Resource": "*",
      "Condition": {
        "StringEquals": {
          "kms:ViaService": "secretsmanager.us-east-1.amazonaws.com"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "Sid": "AllowSecretsManagerUseOfKey",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": {
        "Service": "secretsmanager.amazonaws.com"
      },
      "Action": [
        "kms:Decrypt",
        "kms:GenerateDataKey",
        "kms:DescribeKey"
      ],
      "Resource": "*"
    }
  ]
}
JSON
KEY_ID=$(aws kms describe-key --key-id alias/app-rotation-key --query 'KeyMetadata.KeyId' --output text)
aws kms put-key-policy \
  --key-id "$KEY_ID" \
  --policy-name default \
  --policy file:///tmp/key-policy.json
echo "key policy updated"
output
key policy updated

[stdout]
key policy updated
  • Fix finish_secret in handler.py to promote AWSPENDING to AWSCURRENT
  • Add KMS permissions to Lambda role with least privilege
  • Update KMS key policy to allow Secrets Manager and Lambda role
  • Add Lambda resource policy for secretsmanager.amazonaws.com
  • Redeploy Lambda and verify rotation advances AWSCURRENT

Add Lambda resource policy for Secrets Manager

shell
SECRET_ARN=$(aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id app/db/password --query 'ARN' --output text)
aws lambda add-permission \
  --function-name secrets-rotator \
  --statement-id SecretsManagerInvoke \
  --action lambda:InvokeFunction \
  --principal secretsmanager.amazonaws.com \
  --source-arn "$SECRET_ARN"
output
{
    "Statement": "{\"Sid\": \"SecretsManagerInvoke\", \"Effect\": \"Allow\", \"Action\": \"lambda:InvokeFunction\", \"Resource\": \"arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:000000000000:function:secrets-rotator\", \"Principal\": {\"Service\": \"secretsmanager.amazonaws.com\"}, \"Condition\": {\"ArnLike\": {\"AWS:SourceArn\": \"arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-zLciVt\"}}}"
}

[stdout]
{
    "Statement": "{\"Sid\": \"SecretsManagerInvoke\", \"Effect\": \"Allow\", \"Action\": \"lambda:InvokeFunction\", \"Resource\": \"arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:000000000000:function:secrets-rotator\", \"Principal\": {\"Service\": \"secretsmanager.amazonaws.com\"}, \"Condition\": {\"ArnLike\": {\"AWS:SourceArn\": \"arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-zLciVt\"}}}"
}
  • Fix finish_secret in handler.py to promote AWSPENDING to AWSCURRENT
  • Add KMS permissions to Lambda role with least privilege
  • Update KMS key policy to allow Secrets Manager and Lambda role
  • Add Lambda resource policy for secretsmanager.amazonaws.com
  • Redeploy Lambda and verify rotation advances AWSCURRENT

Redeploy Lambda

shell
WORKDIR="$(mktemp -d)"
cp /app/handler.py "${WORKDIR}/handler.py"
(cd "$WORKDIR" && zip -q handler.zip handler.py)
aws lambda update-function-code \
  --function-name secrets-rotator \
  --zip-file "fileb://${WORKDIR}/handler.zip" \
  --query 'LastUpdateStatus' --output text
for _ in $(seq 1 30); do
  STATUS=$(aws lambda get-function --function-name secrets-rotator --query 'Configuration.LastUpdateStatus' --output text 2>/dev/null || true)
  [ "$STATUS" = "Successful" ] && { echo "Lambda ready"; break; }
  sleep 1
done
output
InProgress
Lambda ready

[stdout]
InProgress
Lambda ready

Test rotation end-to-end

shell
echo "=== BEFORE ==="
aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id app/db/password --query '{Stages:VersionIdsToStages}' --output json
BEFORE_CURRENT_VALUE=$(aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id app/db/password --version-stage AWSCURRENT --query 'SecretString' --output text)
BEFORE_CURRENT_VERSION=$(aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id app/db/password --version-stage AWSCURRENT --query 'VersionId' --output text)
echo "BEFORE VersionId=$BEFORE_CURRENT_VERSION"
echo "BEFORE SecretString=$BEFORE_CURRENT_VALUE"
echo
echo "=== ROTATE ==="
aws secretsmanager rotate-secret --secret-id app/db/password
sleep 5
echo
echo "=== AFTER ==="
aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id app/db/password --query '{Stages:VersionIdsToStages}' --output json
AFTER_CURRENT_VALUE=$(aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id app/db/password --version-stage AWSCURRENT --query 'SecretString' --output text)
AFTER_CURRENT_VERSION=$(aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id app/db/password --version-stage AWSCURRENT --query 'VersionId' --output text)
echo "AFTER VersionId=$AFTER_CURRENT_VERSION"
echo "AFTER SecretString=$AFTER_CURRENT_VALUE"
echo
if [ "$BEFORE_CURRENT_VERSION" != "$AFTER_CURRENT_VERSION" ] && [ "$BEFORE_CURRENT_VALUE" != "$AFTER_CURRENT_VALUE" ]; then
  echo "SUCCESS: AWSCURRENT advanced and value changed"
else
  echo "FAIL: AWSCURRENT did NOT advance"
fi
output
=== BEFORE ===
{
    "Stages": {
        "5f6dcd1b-5af5-4fc8-baf6-51e3bb0b9783": [
            "AWSCURRENT"
        ],
        "39e9631b-5925-4950-ab75-2ab447df5e0e": [
            "AWSPENDING"
        ]
    }
}
BEFORE VersionId=5f6dcd1b-5af5-4fc8-baf6-51e3bb0b9783
BEFORE SecretString={"password": "initial-placeholder-value"}

=== ROTATE ===
{
    "ARN": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-zLciVt",
    "Name": "app/db/password",
    "VersionId": "39e9631b-5925-4950-ab75-2ab447df5e0e"
}

=== AFTER ===
{
    "Stages": {
        "5f6dcd1b-5af5-4fc8-baf6-51e3bb0b9783": [
            "AWSPREVIOUS"
        ],
        "39e9631b-5925-4950-ab75-2ab447df5e0e": [
            "AWSPENDING",
            "AWSCURRENT"
        ]
    }
}
AFTER VersionId=39e9631b-5925-4950-ab75-2ab447df5e0e
AFTER SecretString={"password": "PKvn7gmxUzKYzWoWXWpnj4Bb7YCYDvF4"}

SUCCESS: AWSCURRENT advanced and value changed

[stdout]
=== BEFORE ===
{
    "Stages": {
        "5f6dcd1b-5af5-4fc8-baf6-51e3bb0b9783": [
            "AWSCURRENT"
        ],
        "39e9631b-5925-4950-ab75-2ab447df5e0e": [
            "AWSPENDING"
        ]
    }
}
BEFORE VersionId=5f6dcd1b-5af5-4fc8-baf6-51e3bb0b9783
BEFORE SecretString={"password": "initial-placeholder-value"}

=== ROTATE ===
{
    "ARN": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-zLciVt",
    "Name": "app/db/password",
    "VersionId": "39e9631b-5925-4950-ab75-2ab447df5e0e"
}

=== AFTER ===
{
    "Stages": {
        "5f6dcd1b-5af5-4fc8-baf6-51e3bb0b9783": [
            "AWSPREVIOUS"
        ],
        "39e9631b-5925-4950-ab75-2ab447df5e0e": [
            "AWSPENDING",
            "AWSCURRENT"
        ]
    }
}
AFTER VersionId=39e9631b-5925-4950-ab75-2ab447df5e0e
AFTER SecretString={"password": "PKvn7gmxUzKYzWoWXWpnj4Bb7YCYDvF4"}

SUCCESS: AWSCURRENT advanced and value changed
Rotation works end-to-end. Let me run it again to confirm it works repeatedly, and verify the policy shape.

Run a second rotation

shell
echo "=== Second rotation ==="
BEFORE_VID=$(aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id app/db/password --version-stage AWSCURRENT --query 'VersionId' --output text)
BEFORE_VAL=$(aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id app/db/password --version-stage AWSCURRENT --query 'SecretString' --output text)
aws secretsmanager rotate-secret --secret-id app/db/password
sleep 5
AFTER_VID=$(aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id app/db/password --version-stage AWSCURRENT --query 'VersionId' --output text)
AFTER_VAL=$(aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id app/db/password --version-stage AWSCURRENT --query 'SecretString' --output text)
aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id app/db/password --query 'VersionIdsToStages'
echo "BEFORE_VID=$BEFORE_VID AFTER_VID=$AFTER_VID"
[ "$BEFORE_VID" != "$AFTER_VID" ] && [ "$BEFORE_VAL" != "$AFTER_VAL" ] && echo "SUCCESS 2nd rotation" || echo "FAIL"
output
=== Second rotation ===
{
    "ARN": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-zLciVt",
    "Name": "app/db/password",
    "VersionId": "d0682ffd-948b-4fbf-8e57-929a85627433"
}
{
    "39e9631b-5925-4950-ab75-2ab447df5e0e": [
        "AWSPREVIOUS"
    ],
    "d0682ffd-948b-4fbf-8e57-929a85627433": [
        "AWSPENDING",
        "AWSCURRENT"
    ]
}
BEFORE_VID=39e9631b-5925-4950-ab75-2ab447df5e0e AFTER_VID=d0682ffd-948b-4fbf-8e57-929a85627433
SUCCESS 2nd rotation

[stdout]
=== Second rotation ===
{
    "ARN": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-zLciVt",
    "Name": "app/db/password",
    "VersionId": "d0682ffd-948b-4fbf-8e57-929a85627433"
}
{
    "39e9631b-5925-4950-ab75-2ab447df5e0e": [
        "AWSPREVIOUS"
    ],
    "d0682ffd-948b-4fbf-8e57-929a85627433": [
        "AWSPENDING",
        "AWSCURRENT"
    ]
}
BEFORE_VID=39e9631b-5925-4950-ab75-2ab447df5e0e AFTER_VID=d0682ffd-948b-4fbf-8e57-929a85627433
SUCCESS 2nd rotation
  • Fix finish_secret in handler.py to promote AWSPENDING to AWSCURRENT
  • Add KMS permissions to Lambda role with least privilege
  • Update KMS key policy to allow Secrets Manager and Lambda role
  • Add Lambda resource policy for secretsmanager.amazonaws.com
  • Redeploy Lambda and verify rotation advances AWSCURRENT
Rotation now advances AWSCURRENT to a fresh version and labels the prior version AWSPREVIOUS on each `rotate-secret` call. Fixes: - **`/app/handler.py:100` `finish_secret`** , was a no-op; now calls `update_secret_version_stage` to move AWSCURRENT from the old version to the AWSPENDING token. - **Lambda resource policy** , added `SecretsManagerInvoke` allowing `secretsmanager.amazonaws.com` to `lambda:InvokeFunction`, conditioned on `AWS:SourceArn` = the secret's ARN. - **KMS key policy** , kept root admin; added the rotator role with `kms:Decrypt`/`GenerateDataKey` gated by `kms:ViaService = secretsmanager.us-east-1.amazonaws.com`, and added `secretsmanager.amazonaws.com` service with `Decrypt`/`GenerateDataKey`/`DescribeKey`. - **`SecretsRotatorPolicy` inline role policy** , kept original Secrets Manager scope (still limited to the one secret ARN) and added `kms:Decrypt`/`GenerateDataKey` on the specific CMK ARN only, gated by the same `kms:ViaService` condition. - Redeployed the Lambda with `update-function-code`.
Final diff , what the agent changed

No file changes, the agent left the workspace untouched.

Verifier output , the proof behind the reward
tests/test.sh
============================= test session starts ==============================
platform linux -- Python 3.12.3, pytest-8.4.1, pluggy-1.6.0 -- /root/.cache/uv/archive-v0/AjBwednM6VjLUnjkX6UXv/bin/python
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /tests
plugins: json-ctrf-0.3.5
collecting ... collected 8 items

../tests/test_outputs.py::test_aws_cli_binary_is_real PASSED             [ 12%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_localstack_reachable PASSED               [ 25%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_secret_exists_and_uses_customer_cmk PASSED [ 37%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_rotation_lambda_exists PASSED             [ 50%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_role_policy_grants_kms_actions PASSED     [ 62%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_kms_key_policy_grants_lambda_role PASSED  [ 75%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_lambda_permission_allows_secretsmanager_invoke PASSED [ 87%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_rotate_secret_advances_awscurrent PASSED  [100%]

=============================== warnings summary ===============================
test_outputs.py: 14 warnings
  /root/.cache/uv/archive-v0/AjBwednM6VjLUnjkX6UXv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/botocore/auth.py:424: DeprecationWarning: datetime.datetime.utcnow() is deprecated and scheduled for removal in a future version. Use timezone-aware objects to represent datetimes in UTC: datetime.datetime.now(datetime.UTC).
    datetime_now = datetime.datetime.utcnow()

-- Docs: https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/how-to/capture-warnings.html
==================================== PASSES ====================================
=========================== short test summary info ============================
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_aws_cli_binary_is_real
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_localstack_reachable
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_secret_exists_and_uses_customer_cmk
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_rotation_lambda_exists
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_role_policy_grants_kms_actions
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_kms_key_policy_grants_lambda_role
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_lambda_permission_allows_secretsmanager_invoke
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_rotate_secret_advances_awscurrent
======================== 8 passed, 14 warnings in 5.04s ========================

Reproduce this trial: git checkout 2f94510 && PYTHONPATH=src python3 scripts/build_site.py , then open trial/trial_333bc09ac60e4809. Re-running the agent live requires EVAL_PLATFORM_ENABLE_OAUTH_SMOKE=1 and is non-deterministic.

Trial trial_333bc09ac60e4809 · verifier authoritative; classifier explanatory.