SyncValsverifier → artifact → classifier → verdict
SyncVals · Trajectory

iam-permissions-boundary-ceiling

claude-code claude-opus-4-7 ✗ failed GOOD_FAILURE ↑ View task
Solved from the instruction alone, tests/ and solution/ were withheld from the agent's workspace and restored only for grading.
Reward = tests/test.sh exit code (0 → resolved); the classification below is post-hoc and cannot change it.
Classification , post-hoc; cannot change the reward
GOOD_FAILUREHonest miss, the agent ran correctly but couldn't solve it. Expected for a hard task; the task is sound.
SubtypeIncomplete Understanding - Architectural Constraint
EvidenceTest failures: `test_09_boundary_effect_allow_only` (agent's boundary has explicit Deny 'PublicGuard' statement) and `test_12_boundary_listbucket_uses_s3_prefix_condition` (ListBucket lacks Condition.StringLike on s3:prefix). Agent's final boundary (step 83 trajectory) contains exactly these issues. However, agent's manual end-to-end verification (steps 75-80, 83) confirmed all 5 runtime behaviors work correctly: confidential read/write pass, public/other-bucket writes denied, kms:CreateKey denied, kms:GenerateDataKey and Decrypt succeed. Agent correctly diagnosed and fixed 4 of 5 configuration issues but misunderstood the architectural constraint that 'permissions boundary is a CEILING, not a deny list.'"
Root causeThe agent achieved correct runtime behavior but violated the instruction's explicit architectural constraint that IAM permissions boundaries must be Allow-only (implicit ceiling), never explicit Deny statements. The agent also omitted the Condition.StringLike on s3:prefix for ListBucket, which the instruction specifies as 'the documented way to restrict list to a prefix.' The agent's solution works functionally but fails the structural requirements the verifier tests enforce.
RecommendationN/A - task is fine. The instruction clearly states 'a permissions boundary is a CEILING, not a deny list' and lists specific structural requirements (Allow-only statements, Condition.StringLike for ListBucket prefix scoping, kms data-key actions only). The tests correctly enforce these constraints. This is a well-specified extreme-difficulty task requiring both diagnosis and architectural understanding; the agent demonstrated diagnostic skill but misunderstood the design pattern."
Trajectory
Tool-by-tool agent trajectory
86 tool calls · 3 tool types · 86 steps
a teammate left mid-setup and the analyst access design isn't working: the analyst is supposed to be capped by a permissions boundary so they can only read/write objects under the `confidential/` prefix of one specific bucket (`vault-bucket`) using one specific customer-managed kms key (`alias/vault-kms`). nothing else , not the `public/` prefix, not other buckets, not creating new kms keys, not escalating their own iam. the pieces exist (the iam user `analyst-user`, the two managed policies `AnalystIdentityPolicy` and `AnalystBoundary`, the bucket, the cmk, the access keys for the analyst, ssm pointers); something is off. diagnose and fix it **in place** (recreating an individual managed policy by deleting and re-creating under the same name is fine when its document can't be edited in place; replacing the user is fine when an attribute set at create time can't be changed in place , keep the same names, and update ssm pointers to match if you do). a manifest of every resource (arns, names, the analyst's access keys) is published under ssm at `/harbor/boundary/*`; read it instead of guessing. the environment is reachable at `$AWS_ENDPOINT_URL` (`ENFORCE_IAM=1`, account `000000000000`, region `us-east-1`). "fixed" is judged end-to-end and in shape. signing real requests with the analyst's own access keys (exported via the ssm manifest), under `ENFORCE_IAM=1`, the runtime evaluates identity ∩ boundary and the behaviour must be: - `s3:PutObject` and `s3:GetObject` under `arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/confidential/<anything>` succeed - `s3:PutObject` under `arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/<anything>` is `AccessDenied` - `s3:PutObject` on any bucket other than `vault-bucket` is `AccessDenied` - `kms:CreateKey` is `AccessDenied` - a `kms:Decrypt`/`kms:GenerateDataKey` call against the vault cmk on behalf of the analyst succeeds (so that confidential objects encrypted with that cmk can actually be read by the analyst) `iam:GetUser` on `analyst-user` has to return a `PermissionsBoundary.PermissionsBoundaryArn` pointing at the `AnalystBoundary` managed policy , that's the only signal the auditor uses to confirm the boundary is wired up. and the boundary's *active* document (its default version , managed policies can have several versions but only one is in force) has to actually shape the runtime behaviour above. a permissions boundary is a **ceiling**, not a deny list, and it's not the same as an SCP. work out the shape from behaviour: anything you'd write into the boundary that doesn't translate into the runtime answers above is wrong. the identity policy stays deliberately broad (`s3:*` on `*`, `kms:*` on `*`) so that the intersection semantics can be observed; if the identity policy itself does any gating, the design's whole point is lost. names the verifier reads from ssm , use them exactly: | thing | name | |-|-| | iam user | `analyst-user` | | identity managed policy | `AnalystIdentityPolicy` | | boundary managed policy | `AnalystBoundary` | | s3 bucket | `vault-bucket` | | kms alias | `alias/vault-kms` | | ssm , boundary policy arn | `/harbor/boundary/policy-arn` | | ssm , identity policy arn | `/harbor/boundary/identity-arn` | | ssm , user arn | `/harbor/boundary/user-arn` | | ssm , cmk arn | `/harbor/boundary/kms-key-arn` | | ssm , analyst access key id | `/harbor/boundary/analyst-access-key-id` | | ssm , analyst secret key | `/harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key` | | cloudwatch log group | `/harbor/boundary/decisions` |
Bash
{
  "command": "echo \"AWS_ENDPOINT_URL=$AWS_ENDPOINT_URL\"; echo \"ENFORCE_IAM=$ENFORCE_IAM\"; aws --version",
  "description": "Check environment"
}
output
AWS_ENDPOINT_URL=http://localstack:4566
ENFORCE_IAM=
aws-cli/2.34.48 Python/3.14.4 Linux/6.12.76-linuxkit exe/aarch64.ubuntu.24

[stdout]
AWS_ENDPOINT_URL=http://localstack:4566
ENFORCE_IAM=
aws-cli/2.34.48 Python/3.14.4 Linux/6.12.76-linuxkit exe/aarch64.ubuntu.24
Bash
{
  "command": "aws ssm get-parameters-by-path --path /harbor/boundary --recursive --region us-east-1",
  "description": "Read SSM manifest"
}
output
{
    "Parameters": [
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/policy-arn",
            "Type": "String",
            "Value": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundaryPolicy",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:13.818000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/policy-arn",
            "DataType": "text"
        },
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/identity-arn",
            "Type": "String",
            "Value": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystIdentityPolicy",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:14.328000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/identity-arn",
            "DataType": "text"
        },
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/user-arn",
            "Type": "String",
            "Value": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:14.859000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/user-arn",
            "DataType": "text"
        },
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/kms-key-arn",
            "Type": "String",
            "Value": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/3ae95037-78fa-4324-81ae-5fd8a22ad760",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:15.392000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/kms-key-arn",
            "DataType": "text"
        },
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/bucket-name",
            "Type": "String",
            "Value": "vault-bucket",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:15.903000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/bucket-name",
            "DataType": "text"
        },
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/analyst-access-key-id",
            "Type": "String",
            "Value": "LKIAQAAAAAAAPQGODZ7N",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:16.403000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/analyst-access-key-id",
            "DataType": "text"
        },
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key",
            "Type": "SecureString",
            "Value": "kms:alias/aws/ssm:TA5OqQdKtN1lL6Xa2w6peph6X1HskyBSPfm77FMz",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:17.126000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key",
            "DataType": "text"
        }
    ]
}

[stdout]
{
    "Parameters": [
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/policy-arn",
            "Type": "String",
            "Value": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundaryPolicy",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:13.818000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/policy-arn",
            "DataType": "text"
        },
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/identity-arn",
            "Type": "String",
            "Value": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystIdentityPolicy",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:14.328000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/identity-arn",
            "DataType": "text"
        },
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/user-arn",
            "Type": "String",
            "Value": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:14.859000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/user-arn",
      
…[truncated]
Bash
{
  "command": "aws iam get-user --user-name analyst-user --region us-east-1",
  "description": "Inspect analyst user"
}
output
{
    "User": {
        "Path": "/",
        "UserName": "analyst-user",
        "UserId": "AIDAQAAAAAAAJAE636BZO",
        "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user",
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:08.674500+00:00"
    }
}

[stdout]
{
    "User": {
        "Path": "/",
        "UserName": "analyst-user",
        "UserId": "AIDAQAAAAAAAJAE636BZO",
        "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user",
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:08.674500+00:00"
    }
}
Bash
{
  "command": "aws iam list-attached-user-policies --user-name analyst-user --region us-east-1; echo \"---\"; aws iam list-user-policies --user-name analyst-user --region us-east-1",
  "description": "List policies attached to analyst"
}
output
{
    "AttachedPolicies": [
        {
            "PolicyName": "AnalystIdentityPolicy",
            "PolicyArn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystIdentityPolicy"
        }
    ]
}
---
{
    "PolicyNames": []
}

[stdout]
{
    "AttachedPolicies": [
        {
            "PolicyName": "AnalystIdentityPolicy",
            "PolicyArn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystIdentityPolicy"
        }
    ]
}
---
{
    "PolicyNames": []
}
Bash
{
  "command": "aws iam list-policies --scope Local --region us-east-1",
  "description": "List local managed policies"
}
output
{
    "Policies": [
        {
            "PolicyName": "AnalystBoundary",
            "PolicyId": "A29VSOEA1Y9IWMXXL52OY",
            "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary",
            "Path": "/",
            "DefaultVersionId": "v1",
            "AttachmentCount": 0,
            "PermissionsBoundaryUsageCount": 0,
            "IsAttachable": true,
            "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:06.903873+00:00",
            "UpdateDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:06.903873+00:00"
        },
        {
            "PolicyName": "AnalystIdentityPolicy",
            "PolicyId": "A3TCD2IJQ69EMY6HMDXZ8",
            "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystIdentityPolicy",
            "Path": "/",
            "DefaultVersionId": "v1",
            "AttachmentCount": 1,
            "PermissionsBoundaryUsageCount": 0,
            "IsAttachable": true,
            "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:05.657890+00:00",
            "UpdateDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:05.657890+00:00"
        }
    ]
}

[stdout]
{
    "Policies": [
        {
            "PolicyName": "AnalystBoundary",
            "PolicyId": "A29VSOEA1Y9IWMXXL52OY",
            "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary",
            "Path": "/",
            "DefaultVersionId": "v1",
            "AttachmentCount": 0,
            "PermissionsBoundaryUsageCount": 0,
            "IsAttachable": true,
            "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:06.903873+00:00",
            "UpdateDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:06.903873+00:00"
        },
        {
            "PolicyName": "AnalystIdentityPolicy",
            "PolicyId": "A3TCD2IJQ69EMY6HMDXZ8",
            "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystIdentityPolicy",
            "Path": "/",
            "DefaultVersionId": "v1",
            "AttachmentCount": 1,
            "PermissionsBoundaryUsageCount": 0,
            "IsAttachable": true,
            "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:05.657890+00:00",
            "UpdateDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:05.657890+00:00"
        }
    ]
}
Bash
{
  "command": "aws iam list-access-keys --user-name analyst-user --region us-east-1",
  "description": "List analyst access keys"
}
output
{
    "AccessKeyMetadata": [
        {
            "UserName": "analyst-user",
            "AccessKeyId": "LKIAQAAAAAAAPQGODZ7N",
            "Status": "Active",
            "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:09.994414+00:00"
        }
    ]
}

[stdout]
{
    "AccessKeyMetadata": [
        {
            "UserName": "analyst-user",
            "AccessKeyId": "LKIAQAAAAAAAPQGODZ7N",
            "Status": "Active",
            "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:09.994414+00:00"
        }
    ]
}
Bash
{
  "command": "aws iam get-policy-version --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary --version-id v1 --region us-east-1",
  "description": "Get AnalystBoundary doc"
}
output
{
    "PolicyVersion": {
        "Document": {
            "Version": "2012-10-17",
            "Statement": [
                {
                    "Sid": "BucketListing",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": [
                        "s3:ListBucket",
                        "s3:GetBucketLocation"
                    ],
                    "NotResource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "ObjectOps",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": [
                        "s3:GetObject",
                        "s3:PutObject",
                        "s3:DeleteObject"
                    ],
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/Confidential/*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "PublicGuard",
                    "Effect": "Deny",
                    "Action": "s3:*",
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "KmsForVault",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": "kms:*",
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/3ae95037-78fa-4324-81ae-5fd8a22ad760"
                }
            ]
        },
        "VersionId": "v1",
        "IsDefaultVersion": true,
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:06.903873+00:00"
    }
}

[stdout]
{
    "PolicyVersion": {
        "Document": {
            "Version": "2012-10-17",
            "Statement": [
                {
                    "Sid": "BucketListing",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": [
                        "s3:ListBucket",
                        "s3:GetBucketLocation"
                    ],
                    "NotResource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "ObjectOps",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": [
                        "s3:GetObject",
                        "s3:PutObject",
                        "s3:DeleteObject"
                    ],
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/Confidential/*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "PublicGuard",
                    "Effect": "Deny",
                    "Action": "s3:*",
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "KmsForVault",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": "kms:*",
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/3ae95037-78fa-4324-81ae-5fd8a22ad760"
                }
            ]
        },
        "VersionId": "v1",
        "IsDefaultVersion": true,
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:06.903873+00:00"
    }
}
Bash
{
  "command": "aws iam get-policy-version --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystIdentityPolicy --version-id v1 --region us-east-1",
  "description": "Get identity policy doc"
}
output
{
    "PolicyVersion": {
        "Document": {
            "Version": "2012-10-17",
            "Statement": [
                {
                    "Sid": "AnalystS3",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": "s3:*",
                    "Resource": "*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "AnalystKms",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": "kms:*",
                    "Resource": "*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "AnalystGuard",
                    "Effect": "Deny",
                    "Action": "s3:PutObject",
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/*"
                }
            ]
        },
        "VersionId": "v1",
        "IsDefaultVersion": true,
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:05.657890+00:00"
    }
}

[stdout]
{
    "PolicyVersion": {
        "Document": {
            "Version": "2012-10-17",
            "Statement": [
                {
                    "Sid": "AnalystS3",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": "s3:*",
                    "Resource": "*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "AnalystKms",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": "kms:*",
                    "Resource": "*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "AnalystGuard",
                    "Effect": "Deny",
                    "Action": "s3:PutObject",
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/*"
                }
            ]
        },
        "VersionId": "v1",
        "IsDefaultVersion": true,
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:05.657890+00:00"
    }
}
Bash
{
  "command": "aws ssm get-parameter --name /harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key --with-decryption --region us-east-1",
  "description": "Decrypt secret key"
}
output
{
    "Parameter": {
        "Name": "/harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key",
        "Type": "SecureString",
        "Value": "TA5OqQdKtN1lL6Xa2w6peph6X1HskyBSPfm77FMz",
        "Version": 1,
        "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:17.126000+00:00",
        "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key",
        "DataType": "text"
    }
}

[stdout]
{
    "Parameter": {
        "Name": "/harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key",
        "Type": "SecureString",
        "Value": "TA5OqQdKtN1lL6Xa2w6peph6X1HskyBSPfm77FMz",
        "Version": 1,
        "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:17.126000+00:00",
        "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key",
        "DataType": "text"
    }
}
Bash
{
  "command": "aws kms list-aliases --region us-east-1 | head -50",
  "description": "List KMS aliases"
}
output
{
    "Aliases": [
        {
            "AliasName": "alias/vault-kms",
            "AliasArn": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:alias/vault-kms",
            "TargetKeyId": "3ae95037-78fa-4324-81ae-5fd8a22ad760",
            "CreationDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:00.899372+00:00"
        }
    ]
}

[stdout]
{
    "Aliases": [
        {
            "AliasName": "alias/vault-kms",
            "AliasArn": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:alias/vault-kms",
            "TargetKeyId": "3ae95037-78fa-4324-81ae-5fd8a22ad760",
            "CreationDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:00.899372+00:00"
        }
    ]
}
I've identified several issues. Let me load the tools I need and track work.
ToolSearch
{
  "query": "select:TaskCreate,TaskUpdate,TaskList",
  "max_results": 5
}
output
{"type": "tool_reference", "tool_name": "TaskCreate"}

{"type": "tool_reference", "tool_name": "TaskUpdate"}

{"type": "tool_reference", "tool_name": "TaskList"}
Bash
{
  "command": "aws kms get-key-policy --key-id 3ae95037-78fa-4324-81ae-5fd8a22ad760 --policy-name default --region us-east-1",
  "description": "Get KMS key policy"
}
output
{
    "Policy": "{\n  \"Version\": \"2012-10-17\",\n  \"Statement\": [\n    {\n      \"Sid\": \"EnableIAMUserPermissions\",\n      \"Effect\": \"Allow\",\n      \"Principal\": {\"AWS\": \"arn:aws:iam::000000000000:root\"},\n      \"Action\": \"kms:*\",\n      \"Resource\": \"*\"\n    }\n  ]\n}"
}

[stdout]
{
    "Policy": "{\n  \"Version\": \"2012-10-17\",\n  \"Statement\": [\n    {\n      \"Sid\": \"EnableIAMUserPermissions\",\n      \"Effect\": \"Allow\",\n      \"Principal\": {\"AWS\": \"arn:aws:iam::000000000000:root\"},\n      \"Action\": \"kms:*\",\n      \"Resource\": \"*\"\n    }\n  ]\n}"
}
Bash
{
  "command": "aws s3api list-buckets --region us-east-1; echo \"---\"; aws s3api list-objects --bucket vault-bucket --region us-east-1 2>&1 | head",
  "description": "Check buckets exist"
}
output
{
    "Buckets": [
        {
            "Name": "vault-bucket",
            "CreationDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:01+00:00",
            "BucketRegion": "us-east-1",
            "BucketArn": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket"
        }
    ],
    "Owner": {
        "ID": "75aa57f09aa0c8caeab4f8c24e99d10f8e7faeebf76c078efc7c6caea54ba06a"
    },
    "Prefix": null
}
---
{
    "RequestCharged": null,
    "Prefix": ""
}

[stdout]
{
    "Buckets": [
        {
            "Name": "vault-bucket",
            "CreationDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:01+00:00",
            "BucketRegion": "us-east-1",
            "BucketArn": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket"
        }
    ],
    "Owner": {
        "ID": "75aa57f09aa0c8caeab4f8c24e99d10f8e7faeebf76c078efc7c6caea54ba06a"
    },
    "Prefix": null
}
---
{
    "RequestCharged": null,
    "Prefix": ""
}
Found the core issues. Let me track and fix.
TaskCreate
{
  "subject": "Attach boundary to analyst-user",
  "description": "analyst-user currently has no PermissionsBoundary. Use put-user-permissions-boundary so GetUser returns PermissionsBoundaryArn pointing at AnalystBoundary.",
  "activeForm": "Attaching boundary to user"
}
output
Task #1 created successfully: Attach boundary to analyst-user
TaskCreate
{
  "subject": "Fix identity policy to be purely broad",
  "description": "AnalystIdentityPolicy currently has an extra Deny on s3:PutObject to vault-bucket/public/*. Spec says identity must stay broad (s3:* on *, kms:* on *) so intersection semantics drive behaviour. Remove the Deny.",
  "activeForm": "Fixing identity policy"
}
output
Task #2 created successfully: Fix identity policy to be purely broad
TaskCreate
{
  "subject": "Verify end-to-end as analyst",
  "description": "With ENFORCE_IAM=1 and analyst keys, confirm: PutObject/GetObject under confidential/ work; PutObject under public/ denied; PutObject to other bucket denied; kms:CreateKey denied; Decrypt/GenerateDataKey on vault CMK succeed.",
  "activeForm": "Verifying end-to-end"
}
output
Task #3 created successfully: Verify end-to-end as analyst
TaskCreate
{
  "subject": "Fix SSM boundary pointer",
  "description": "/harbor/boundary/policy-arn currently points at iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundaryPolicy which doesn't exist. The real policy name is AnalystBoundary. Update SSM to point at the correct ARN.",
  "activeForm": "Fixing SSM pointer"
}
output
Task #4 created successfully: Fix SSM boundary pointer
TaskCreate
{
  "subject": "Fix boundary policy case + shape",
  "description": "AnalystBoundary uses Confidential/* (capital C) , S3 is case-sensitive, breaks confidential reads/writes. Rewrite with lowercase confidential/*; keep kms cap to vault CMK; keep public deny.",
  "activeForm": "Fixing boundary policy"
}
output
Task #5 created successfully: Fix boundary policy case + shape
TaskUpdate
{
  "taskId": "2",
  "status": "in_progress"
}
output
Updated task #2 status
Write
{
  "file_path": "/tmp/identity.json",
  "content": "{\n  \"Version\": \"2012-10-17\",\n  \"Statement\": [\n    {\n      \"Sid\": \"AnalystS3\",\n      \"Effect\": \"Allow\",\n      \"Action\": \"s3:*\",\n      \"Resource\": \"*\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"Sid\": \"AnalystKms\",\n      \"Effect\": \"Allow\",\n      \"Action\": \"kms:*\",\n      \"Resource\": \"*\"\n    }\n  ]\n}\n"
}
output
File created successfully at: /tmp/identity.json (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Write
{
  "file_path": "/tmp/boundary.json",
  "content": "{\n  \"Version\": \"2012-10-17\",\n  \"Statement\": [\n    {\n      \"Sid\": \"ObjectOps\",\n      \"Effect\": \"Allow\",\n      \"Action\": [\n        \"s3:GetObject\",\n        \"s3:PutObject\",\n        \"s3:DeleteObject\"\n      ],\n      \"Resource\": \"arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/confidential/*\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"Sid\": \"BucketListing\",\n      \"Effect\": \"Allow\",\n      \"Action\": [\n        \"s3:ListBucket\",\n        \"s3:GetBucketLocation\"\n      ],\n      \"Resource\": \"arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"Sid\": \"PublicGuard\",\n      \"Effect\": \"Deny\",\n      \"Action\": \"s3:*\",\n      \"Resource\": \"arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/*\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"Sid\": \"KmsForVault\",\n      \"Effect\": \"Allow\",\n      \"Action\": [\n        \"kms:Encrypt\",\n        \"kms:Decrypt\",\n        \"kms:ReEncrypt*\",\n        \"kms:GenerateDataKey*\",\n        \"kms:DescribeKey\"\n      ],\n      \"Resource\": \"arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/3ae95037-78fa-4324-81ae-5fd8a22ad760\"\n    }\n  ]\n}\n"
}
output
File created successfully at: /tmp/boundary.json (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)
Bash
{
  "command": "aws iam create-policy-version --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystIdentityPolicy --policy-document file:///tmp/identity.json --set-as-default --region us-east-1",
  "description": "Push new identity policy version"
}
output
{
    "PolicyVersion": {
        "VersionId": "v2",
        "IsDefaultVersion": true,
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T07:58:28.241762+00:00"
    }
}

[stdout]
{
    "PolicyVersion": {
        "VersionId": "v2",
        "IsDefaultVersion": true,
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T07:58:28.241762+00:00"
    }
}
TaskUpdate
{
  "taskId": "5",
  "status": "in_progress"
}
output
Updated task #5 status
TaskUpdate
{
  "taskId": "2",
  "status": "completed"
}
output
Updated task #2 status
Bash
{
  "command": "aws iam create-policy-version --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary --policy-document file:///tmp/boundary.json --set-as-default --region us-east-1",
  "description": "Push new boundary policy version"
}
output
{
    "PolicyVersion": {
        "VersionId": "v3",
        "IsDefaultVersion": true,
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T07:58:33.842549+00:00"
    }
}

[stdout]
{
    "PolicyVersion": {
        "VersionId": "v3",
        "IsDefaultVersion": true,
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T07:58:33.842549+00:00"
    }
}
TaskUpdate
{
  "taskId": "5",
  "status": "completed"
}
output
Updated task #5 status
TaskUpdate
{
  "taskId": "1",
  "status": "in_progress"
}
output
Updated task #1 status
Bash
{
  "command": "aws iam put-user-permissions-boundary --user-name analyst-user --permissions-boundary arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary --region us-east-1",
  "description": "Attach boundary to user"
}
output
(Bash completed with no output)
Bash
{
  "command": "aws ssm put-parameter --name /harbor/boundary/policy-arn --value arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary --type String --overwrite --region us-east-1",
  "description": "Fix SSM boundary pointer"
}
output
{
    "Version": 2,
    "Tier": "Standard"
}

[stdout]
{
    "Version": 2,
    "Tier": "Standard"
}
Bash
{
  "command": "aws iam get-user --user-name analyst-user --region us-east-1",
  "description": "Confirm boundary on user"
}
output
{
    "User": {
        "Path": "/",
        "UserName": "analyst-user",
        "UserId": "AIDAQAAAAAAAJAE636BZO",
        "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user",
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:08.674500+00:00",
        "PermissionsBoundary": {
            "PermissionsBoundaryType": "Policy",
            "PermissionsBoundaryArn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary"
        }
    }
}

[stdout]
{
    "User": {
        "Path": "/",
        "UserName": "analyst-user",
        "UserId": "AIDAQAAAAAAAJAE636BZO",
        "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user",
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T07:55:08.674500+00:00",
        "PermissionsBoundary": {
            "PermissionsBoundaryType": "Policy",
            "PermissionsBoundaryArn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary"
        }
    }
}
Boundary is attached. Now let me verify end-to-end as the analyst.
TaskUpdate
{
  "taskId": "4",
  "status": "completed"
}
output
Updated task #4 status
TaskUpdate
{
  "taskId": "1",
  "status": "completed"
}
output
Updated task #1 status
TaskUpdate
{
  "taskId": "3",
  "status": "in_progress"
}
output
Updated task #3 status
Bash
{
  "command": "set -e\nexport AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=$(aws ssm get-parameter --name /harbor/boundary/analyst-access-key-id --region us-east-1 --query Parameter.Value --output text)\nexport AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=$(aws ssm get-parameter --name /harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key --with-decryption --region us-east-1 --query Parameter.Value --output text)\nexport AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=us-east-1\nexport ENFORCE_IAM=1\nunset AWS_SESSION_TOKEN\n\necho \"== sts get-caller-identity ==\"\naws sts get-caller-identity || true\n\nKMS=arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/3ae95037-78fa-4324-81ae-5fd8a22ad760\n\necho \"== Put confidential/ object (expect OK) ==\"\necho \"secret\" > /tmp/secret.txt\naws s3api put-object --bucket vault-bucket --key confidential/test.txt --body /tmp/secret.txt --server-side-encryption aws:kms --ssekms-key-id \"$KMS\" && echo OK_PUT_CONF || echo FAIL_PUT_CONF\n\necho \"== Get confidential/ object (expect OK) ==\"\naws s3api get-object --bucket vault-bucket --key confidential/test.txt /tmp/got.txt && echo OK_GET_CONF || echo FAIL_GET_CONF\ncat /tmp/got.txt\n\necho \"== Put public/ object (expect AccessDenied) ==\"\naws s3api put-object --bucket vault-bucket --key public/oops.txt --body /tmp/secret.txt 2>&1 | tail -3\n\necho \"== Put to other bucket (expect AccessDenied) ==\"\naws s3api put-object --bucket some-other-bucket --key x.txt --body /tmp/secret.txt 2>&1 | tail -3\n\necho \"== kms CreateKey (expect AccessDenied) ==\"\naws kms create-key 2>&1 | tail -3\n\necho \"== kms Decrypt/GenerateDataKey on vault CMK (expect OK) ==\"\naws kms generate-data-key --key-id \"$KMS\" --key-spec AES_256 --query CiphertextBlob --output text > /tmp/ct.b64 && echo OK_GDK || echo FAIL_GDK\naws kms decrypt --ciphertext-blob fileb:///tmp/ct.b64 --query Plaintext --output text >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo OK_DEC || echo FAIL_DEC\n",
  "description": "End-to-end as analyst"
}
output
aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (AccessDeniedException) when calling the GetParameter operation: User: arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user is not authorized to perform: ssm:GetParameter on resource: arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key because no identity-based policy allows the ssm:GetParameter action
== sts get-caller-identity ==

aws: [ERROR]: Partial credentials found in env, missing: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
== Put confidential/ object (expect OK) ==

aws: [ERROR]: Partial credentials found in env, missing: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
FAIL_PUT_CONF
== Get confidential/ object (expect OK) ==

aws: [ERROR]: Partial credentials found in env, missing: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
FAIL_GET_CONF
cat: /tmp/got.txt: No such file or directory
== Put public/ object (expect AccessDenied) ==

aws: [ERROR]: Partial credentials found in env, missing: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
== Put to other bucket (expect AccessDenied) ==

aws: [ERROR]: Partial credentials found in env, missing: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
== kms CreateKey (expect AccessDenied) ==

aws: [ERROR]: Partial credentials found in env, missing: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
== kms Decrypt/GenerateDataKey on vault CMK (expect OK) ==

aws: [ERROR]: Partial credentials found in env, missing: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
FAIL_GDK
FAIL_DEC

[stdout]
aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (AccessDeniedException) when calling the GetParameter operation: User: arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user is not authorized to perform: ssm:GetParameter on resource: arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key because no identity-based policy allows the ssm:GetParameter action
== sts get-caller-identity ==

aws: [ERROR]: Partial credentials found in env, missing: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
== Put confidential/ object (expect OK) ==

aws: [ERROR]: Partial credentials found in env, missing: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
FAIL_PUT_CONF
== Get confidential/ object (expect OK) ==

aws: [ERROR]: Partial credentials found in env, missing: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
FAIL_GET_CONF
cat: /tmp/got.txt: No such file or directory
== Put public/ object (expect AccessDenied) ==

aws: [ERROR]: Partial credentials found in env, missing: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
== Put to other bucket (expect AccessDenied) ==

aws: [ERROR]: Partial credentials found in env, missing: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
== kms CreateKey (expect AccessDenied) ==

aws: [ERROR]: Partial credentials found in env, missing: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
== kms Decrypt/GenerateDataKey on vault CMK (expect OK) ==

aws: [ERROR]: Partial credentials found in env, missing: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
FAIL_GDK
FAIL_DEC
The script set AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID before fetching the secret, so the secret fetch ran as the analyst. Let me reorder.
Bash
{
  "command": "AKID=$(aws ssm get-parameter --name /harbor/boundary/analyst-access-key-id --region us-east-1 --query Parameter.Value --output text)\nSKEY=$(aws ssm get-parameter --name /harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key --with-decryption --region us-east-1 --query Parameter.Value --output text)\necho \"AKID=$AKID\"; echo \"SKEY=${SKEY:0:6}...\"\n\nexport AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=\"$AKID\"\nexport AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=\"$SKEY\"\nexport AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=us-east-1\nexport ENFORCE_IAM=1\nunset AWS_SESSION_TOKEN\n\necho \"== sts get-caller-identity ==\"\naws sts get-caller-identity\n\nKMS=arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/3ae95037-78fa-4324-81ae-5fd8a22ad760\n\necho \"== Put confidential/ object (expect OK) ==\"\necho \"secret\" > /tmp/secret.txt\naws s3api put-object --bucket vault-bucket --key confidential/test.txt --body /tmp/secret.txt --server-side-encryption aws:kms --ssekms-key-id \"$KMS\" >/dev/null && echo OK_PUT_CONF || echo FAIL_PUT_CONF\n\necho \"== Get confidential/ object (expect OK) ==\"\naws s3api get-object --bucket vault-bucket --key confidential/test.txt /tmp/got.txt >/dev/null && echo OK_GET_CONF || echo FAIL_GET_CONF\ncat /tmp/got.txt 2>/dev/null\n\necho \"== Put public/ object (expect AccessDenied) ==\"\naws s3api put-object --bucket vault-bucket --key public/oops.txt --body /tmp/secret.txt 2>&1 | tail -1\n\necho \"== Put to other bucket (expect AccessDenied) ==\"\naws s3api put-object --bucket some-other-bucket --key x.txt --body /tmp/secret.txt 2>&1 | tail -1\n\necho \"== kms CreateKey (expect AccessDenied) ==\"\naws kms create-key 2>&1 | tail -1\n\necho \"== kms GenerateDataKey on vault CMK (expect OK) ==\"\naws kms generate-data-key --key-id \"$KMS\" --key-spec AES_256 --query CiphertextBlob --output text > /tmp/ct.b64 2>/tmp/err && echo OK_GDK || (echo FAIL_GDK; cat /tmp/err)\n\necho \"== kms Decrypt against vault CMK (expect OK) ==\"\naws kms decrypt --ciphertext-blob fileb:///tmp/ct.b64 --query Plaintext --output text >/dev/null 2>/tmp/err && echo OK_DEC || (echo FAIL_DEC; cat /tmp/err)\n",
  "description": "End-to-end as analyst (corrected)"
}
output
AKID=LKIAQAAAAAAAPQGODZ7N
SKEY=TA5OqQ...
== sts get-caller-identity ==
{
    "UserId": "AIDAQAAAAAAAJAE636BZO",
    "Account": "000000000000",
    "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user"
}
== Put confidential/ object (expect OK) ==
OK_PUT_CONF
== Get confidential/ object (expect OK) ==
OK_GET_CONF
secret
== Put public/ object (expect AccessDenied) ==
aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (AccessDenied) when calling the PutObject operation: Access Denied
== Put to other bucket (expect AccessDenied) ==
aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (AccessDenied) when calling the PutObject operation: Access Denied
== kms CreateKey (expect AccessDenied) ==
aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (AccessDeniedException) when calling the CreateKey operation: User: arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user is not authorized to perform: kms:CreateKey on resource: * because no identity-based policy allows the kms:CreateKey action
== kms GenerateDataKey on vault CMK (expect OK) ==
OK_GDK
== kms Decrypt against vault CMK (expect OK) ==
FAIL_DEC

aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (AccessDeniedException) when calling the Decrypt operation: User: arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user is not authorized to perform: kms:Decrypt on resource: arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/* because no identity-based policy allows the kms:Decrypt action

[stdout]
AKID=LKIAQAAAAAAAPQGODZ7N
SKEY=TA5OqQ...
== sts get-caller-identity ==
{
    "UserId": "AIDAQAAAAAAAJAE636BZO",
    "Account": "000000000000",
    "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user"
}
== Put confidential/ object (expect OK) ==
OK_PUT_CONF
== Get confidential/ object (expect OK) ==
OK_GET_CONF
secret
== Put public/ object (expect AccessDenied) ==
aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (AccessDenied) when calling the PutObject operation: Access Denied
== Put to other bucket (expect AccessDenied) ==
aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (AccessDenied) when calling the PutObject operation: Access Denied
== kms CreateKey (expect AccessDenied) ==
aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (AccessDeniedException) when calling the CreateKey operation: User: arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user is not authorized to perform: kms:CreateKey on resource: * because no identity-based policy allows the kms:CreateKey action
== kms GenerateDataKey on vault CMK (expect OK) ==
OK_GDK
== kms Decrypt against vault CMK (expect OK) ==
FAIL_DEC

aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (AccessDeniedException) when calling the Decrypt operation: User: arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user is not authorized to perform: kms:Decrypt on resource: arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/* because no identity-based policy allows the kms:Decrypt action
Everything but Decrypt works , and the Decrypt failure is a test bug (I passed base64 as `fileb://` raw bytes, so KMS couldn't resolve the key id). Let me redo it correctly.
Bash
{
  "command": "AKID=$(aws ssm get-parameter --name /harbor/boundary/analyst-access-key-id --region us-east-1 --query Parameter.Value --output text)\nSKEY=$(aws ssm get-parameter --name /harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key --with-decryption --region us-east-1 --query Parameter.Value --output text)\nexport AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=\"$AKID\" AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=\"$SKEY\" AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=us-east-1 ENFORCE_IAM=1\nunset AWS_SESSION_TOKEN\n\nKMS=arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/3ae95037-78fa-4324-81ae-5fd8a22ad760\naws kms generate-data-key --key-id \"$KMS\" --key-spec AES_256 --query CiphertextBlob --output text | base64 -d > /tmp/ct.bin\naws kms decrypt --ciphertext-blob fileb:///tmp/ct.bin --query Plaintext --output text >/dev/null && echo OK_DEC || echo FAIL_DEC\n",
  "description": "Decrypt with properly decoded blob"
}
output
aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (AccessDeniedException) when calling the Decrypt operation: User: arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user is not authorized to perform: kms:Decrypt on resource: arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/* because no identity-based policy allows the kms:Decrypt action
FAIL_DEC

[stdout]
aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (AccessDeniedException) when calling the Decrypt operation: User: arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user is not authorized to perform: kms:Decrypt on resource: arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/* because no identity-based policy allows the kms:Decrypt action
FAIL_DEC
Bash
{
  "command": "AKID=$(aws ssm get-parameter --name /harbor/boundary/analyst-access-key-id --region us-east-1 --query Parameter.Value --output text)\nSKEY=$(aws ssm get-parameter --name /harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key --with-decryption --region us-east-1 --query Parameter.Value --output text)\nexport AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=\"$AKID\" AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=\"$SKEY\" AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=us-east-1 ENFORCE_IAM=1\nunset AWS_SESSION_TOKEN\nKMS=arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/3ae95037-78fa-4324-81ae-5fd8a22ad760\n\naws kms generate-data-key --key-id \"$KMS\" --key-spec AES_256 --query CiphertextBlob --output text | base64 -d > /tmp/ct.bin\necho \"== decrypt with explicit --key-id ==\"\naws kms decrypt --key-id \"$KMS\" --ciphertext-blob fileb:///tmp/ct.bin --query Plaintext --output text >/dev/null && echo OK_DEC || echo FAIL_DEC\n",
  "description": "Decrypt with explicit key-id"
}
output
== decrypt with explicit --key-id ==
OK_DEC

[stdout]
== decrypt with explicit --key-id ==
OK_DEC
All five behaviours pass as the analyst. Let me also confirm the auditor's signal (`GetUser → PermissionsBoundary.PermissionsBoundaryArn`) and the ssm pointer match.
Bash
{
  "command": "echo \"== auditor signal: GetUser PermissionsBoundary ==\"\naws iam get-user --user-name analyst-user --region us-east-1 --query \"User.PermissionsBoundary\"\necho \"== ssm pointer ==\"\naws ssm get-parameter --name /harbor/boundary/policy-arn --region us-east-1 --query Parameter.Value --output text\necho \"== boundary default version (active doc) ==\"\nDEFAULT=$(aws iam get-policy --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary --region us-east-1 --query Policy.DefaultVersionId --output text)\necho \"DefaultVersionId=$DEFAULT\"\naws iam get-policy-version --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary --version-id \"$DEFAULT\" --region us-east-1 --query \"PolicyVersion.Document\"\necho \"== identity default version ==\"\nDEFAULT2=$(aws iam get-policy --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystIdentityPolicy --region us-east-1 --query Policy.DefaultVersionId --output text)\naws iam get-policy-version --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystIdentityPolicy --version-id \"$DEFAULT2\" --region us-east-1 --query \"PolicyVersion.Document\"\n",
  "description": "Confirm auditor surfaces"
}
output
== auditor signal: GetUser PermissionsBoundary ==
{
    "PermissionsBoundaryType": "Policy",
    "PermissionsBoundaryArn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary"
}
== ssm pointer ==
arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary
== boundary default version (active doc) ==
DefaultVersionId=v3
{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Sid": "ObjectOps",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "s3:GetObject",
                "s3:PutObject",
                "s3:DeleteObject"
            ],
            "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/confidential/*"
        },
        {
            "Sid": "BucketListing",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "s3:ListBucket",
                "s3:GetBucketLocation"
            ],
            "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket"
        },
        {
            "Sid": "PublicGuard",
            "Effect": "Deny",
            "Action": "s3:*",
            "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/*"
        },
        {
            "Sid": "KmsForVault",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "kms:Encrypt",
                "kms:Decrypt",
                "kms:ReEncrypt*",
                "kms:GenerateDataKey*",
                "kms:DescribeKey"
            ],
            "Resource": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/3ae95037-78fa-4324-81ae-5fd8a22ad760"
        }
    ]
}
== identity default version ==
{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Sid": "AnalystS3",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": "s3:*",
            "Resource": "*"
        },
        {
            "Sid": "AnalystKms",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": "kms:*",
            "Resource": "*"
        }
    ]
}

[stdout]
== auditor signal: GetUser PermissionsBoundary ==
{
    "PermissionsBoundaryType": "Policy",
    "PermissionsBoundaryArn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary"
}
== ssm pointer ==
arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary
== boundary default version (active doc) ==
DefaultVersionId=v3
{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Sid": "ObjectOps",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "s3:GetObject",
                "s3:PutObject",
                "s3:DeleteObject"
            ],
            "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/confidential/*"
        },
        {
            "Sid": "BucketListing",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "s3:ListBucket",
                "s3:GetBucketLocation"
            ],
            "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket"
        },
        {
            "Sid": "PublicGuard",
            "Effect": "Deny",
            "Action": "s3:*",
            "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/*"
        },
        {
            "Sid": "KmsForVault",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "kms:Encrypt",
                "kms:Decrypt",
                "kms:ReEncrypt*",
                "kms:GenerateDataKey*",
                "kms:DescribeKey"
            ],
            "Resource": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/3ae95037-78fa-4324-81ae-5fd8a22ad760"
        }
    ]
}
== identity default version ==
{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Sid": "AnalystS3",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": "s3:*",
            "Resource": "*"
        },
        {
            "Sid": "AnalystKms",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": "kms:*",
            "Resource": "*"
        }
    ]
}
TaskUpdate
{
  "taskId": "3",
  "status": "completed"
}
output
Updated task #3 status
All green. Summary of what was wrong and what I fixed in place: **Diagnoses** 1. `analyst-user` had **no permissions boundary attached** , the auditor's `GetUser → PermissionsBoundaryArn` signal was missing entirely. 2. `AnalystBoundary` allowed object ops on `vault-bucket/Confidential/*` (capital C). S3 prefixes are case-sensitive, so the boundary's ceiling didn't actually cover `confidential/`, and the required reads/writes would have been denied. 3. `AnalystIdentityPolicy` carried an `AnalystGuard` Deny on `s3:PutObject` to `public/*` , the identity policy was doing gating. The whole design hinges on identity being broad (`s3:*`, `kms:*` on `*`) so the boundary is what shapes behaviour; that Deny had to move out. 4. SSM `/harbor/boundary/policy-arn` pointed at `arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundaryPolicy` , a name that doesn't exist. The real policy is `AnalystBoundary`. **Fixes (in place, names preserved)** - `AnalystIdentityPolicy`: new default version with only `s3:* on *` and `kms:* on *` (no Deny). - `AnalystBoundary`: new default version with `confidential/*` (lowercase), explicit `Deny s3:* on public/*`, ListBucket scoped to `vault-bucket`, and kms data-plane actions (`Decrypt`, `GenerateDataKey*`, `Encrypt`, `ReEncrypt*`, `DescribeKey`) capped to the vault CMK arn , so `kms:CreateKey` (resource `*`) is denied by the boundary while data-plane on the vault key passes. - `put-user-permissions-boundary` on `analyst-user` → `AnalystBoundary`. - `/harbor/boundary/policy-arn` updated to `arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary`. **End-to-end verification (analyst keys, ENFORCE_IAM=1)** - `s3:PutObject`/`GetObject` on `vault-bucket/confidential/test.txt` → OK - `s3:PutObject` on `vault-bucket/public/oops.txt` → AccessDenied - `s3:PutObject` on `some-other-bucket/x.txt` → AccessDenied - `kms:CreateKey` → AccessDenied - `kms:GenerateDataKey` and `kms:Decrypt` against `alias/vault-kms` → OK
Final diff , what the agent changed

No file changes, the agent left the workspace untouched.

Verifier output , the proof behind the reward
tests/test.sh
downloading uv 0.9.7 aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
Downloading botocore (12.7MiB)
Downloading pygments (1.2MiB)
 Downloading pygments
 Downloading botocore
Installed 13 packages in 69ms
============================= test session starts ==============================
platform linux -- Python 3.12.3, pytest-8.4.1, pluggy-1.6.0 -- /root/.cache/uv/archive-v0/xB_JqQqXFpuaLlojbF1Wo/bin/python
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /tests
plugins: json-ctrf-0.3.5
collecting ... collected 27 items

../tests/test_outputs.py::test_01_analyst_user_exists PASSED             [  3%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_02_identity_policy_attached_to_user PASSED [  7%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_03_boundary_attached_via_get_user PASSED  [ 11%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_04_vault_bucket_exists_with_public_access_block PASSED [ 14%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_05_kms_alias_and_ssm_pointers_resolve PASSED [ 18%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_06_identity_policy_grants_full_s3_and_full_kms PASSED [ 22%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_07_identity_policy_has_no_explicit_deny_anywhere PASSED [ 25%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_08_user_has_no_admin_managed_policy_attached PASSED [ 29%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_09_boundary_effect_allow_only FAILED      [ 33%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_10_boundary_has_no_NotResource_or_NotAction PASSED [ 37%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_11_boundary_object_actions_scoped_to_confidential_prefix PASSED [ 40%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_12_boundary_listbucket_uses_s3_prefix_condition FAILED [ 44%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_13_boundary_kms_actions_scoped_to_cmk_arn PASSED [ 48%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_14_boundary_does_not_grant_kms_create_key_or_wildcard_kms PASSED [ 51%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_15_boundary_does_not_grant_iam_self_modify PASSED [ 55%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_16_boundary_size_under_managed_policy_limit PASSED [ 59%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_17_boundary_allows_confidential_put_via_simulator PASSED [ 62%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_18_boundary_denies_public_put_via_simulator PASSED [ 66%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_19_boundary_allows_kms_decrypt_via_simulator PASSED [ 70%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_20_boundary_denies_kms_create_key_via_simulator PASSED [ 74%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_21_analyst_can_put_to_confidential_prefix PASSED [ 77%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_22_analyst_cannot_put_to_public_prefix PASSED [ 81%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_23_analyst_cannot_create_kms_key PASSED   [ 85%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_24_analyst_cannot_put_to_a_different_bucket PASSED [ 88%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_25_boundary_object_resource_prefix_is_lowercase_confidential PASSED [ 92%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_26_ssm_policy_arn_resolves_to_a_live_boundary_managed_policy PASSED [ 96%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_27_boundary_default_version_reflects_the_runtime_intended_shape PASSED [100%]

=================================== FAILURES ===================================
______________________ test_09_boundary_effect_allow_only ______________________

    def test_09_boundary_effect_allow_only():
        for s in _stmts(_boundary_doc()):
            eff = s.get("Effect")
>           assert eff == "Allow", (
                f"boundary has a non-Allow statement: {s!r} , a permissions boundary is a CEILING, "
                f"not a deny list; anything not listed is implicitly denied by the boundary itself, "
                f"and the auditor rejects an explicit Deny in the boundary as a design smell"
            )
E           AssertionError: boundary has a non-Allow statement: {'Sid': 'PublicGuard', 'Effect': 'Deny', 'Action': 's3:*', 'Resource': 'arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/*'} , a permissions boundary is a CEILING, not a deny list; anything not listed is implicitly denied by the boundary itself, and the auditor rejects an explicit Deny in the boundary as a design smell
E           assert 'Deny' == 'Allow'
E             
E             - Allow
E             + Deny

/tests/test_outputs.py:251: AssertionError
_____________ test_12_boundary_listbucket_uses_s3_prefix_condition _____________

    def test_12_boundary_listbucket_uses_s3_prefix_condition():
        bucket = _bucket()
        bucket_arn = f"arn:aws:s3:::{bucket}"
        found = False
        for s in _stmts(_boundary_doc()):
            if s.get("Effect") != "Allow":
                continue
            actions = set(_as_list(s.get("Action")))
            if "s3:ListBucket" not in actions:
                continue
            found = True
            resources = _as_list(s.get("Resource"))
            assert bucket_arn in resources, (
                f"boundary s3:ListBucket Resource={resources!r} does not include the bucket ARN {bucket_arn!r}; "
                f"ListBucket is a bucket-level action and must target the bucket ARN, not an object-prefix ARN"
            )
            cond = s.get("Condition", {}) or {}
            sl = cond.get("StringLike", {})
            prefixes = _as_list(sl.get("s3:prefix"))
>           assert any("confidential/" in p for p in prefixes), (
                f"boundary s3:ListBucket has no Condition.StringLike on s3:prefix matching 'confidential/*'; "
                f"got Condition={cond!r}. The prefix condition is the documented way to restrict list to a "
                f"prefix , anything else (NotResource, object-ARN scoping, etc.) does not actually restrict list."
            )
E           AssertionError: boundary s3:ListBucket has no Condition.StringLike on s3:prefix matching 'confidential/*'; got Condition={}. The prefix condition is the documented way to restrict list to a prefix , anything else (NotResource, object-ARN scoping, etc.) does not actually restrict list.
E           assert False
E            +  where False = any(<generator object test_12_boundary_listbucket_uses_s3_prefix_condition.<locals>.<genexpr> at 0xffffa29a1700>)

/tests/test_outputs.py:314: AssertionError
=============================== warnings summary ===============================
test_outputs.py: 54 warnings
  /root/.cache/uv/archive-v0/xB_JqQqXFpuaLlojbF1Wo/lib/python3.12/site-packages/botocore/auth.py:424: DeprecationWarning: datetime.datetime.utcnow() is deprecated and scheduled for removal in a future version. Use timezone-aware objects to represent datetimes in UTC: datetime.datetime.now(datetime.UTC).
    datetime_now = datetime.datetime.utcnow()

-- Docs: https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/how-to/capture-warnings.html
==================================== PASSES ====================================
=========================== short test summary info ============================
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_01_analyst_user_exists
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_02_identity_policy_attached_to_user
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_03_boundary_attached_via_get_user
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_04_vault_bucket_exists_with_public_access_block
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_05_kms_alias_and_ssm_pointers_resolve
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_06_identity_policy_grants_full_s3_and_full_kms
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_07_identity_policy_has_no_explicit_deny_anywhere
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_08_user_has_no_admin_managed_policy_attached
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_10_boundary_has_no_NotResource_or_NotAction
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_11_boundary_object_actions_scoped_to_confidential_prefix
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_13_boundary_kms_actions_scoped_to_cmk_arn
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_14_boundary_does_not_grant_kms_create_key_or_wildcard_kms
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_15_boundary_does_not_grant_iam_self_modify
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_16_boundary_size_under_managed_policy_limit
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_17_boundary_allows_confidential_put_via_simulator
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_18_boundary_denies_public_put_via_simulator
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_19_boundary_allows_kms_decrypt_via_simulator
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_20_boundary_denies_kms_create_key_via_simulator
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_21_analyst_can_put_to_confidential_prefix
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_22_analyst_cannot_put_to_public_prefix
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_23_analyst_cannot_create_kms_key
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_24_analyst_cannot_put_to_a_different_bucket
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_25_boundary_object_resource_prefix_is_lowercase_confidential
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_26_ssm_policy_arn_resolves_to_a_live_boundary_managed_policy
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_27_boundary_default_version_reflects_the_runtime_intended_shape
FAILED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_09_boundary_effect_allow_only - Asserti...
FAILED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_12_boundary_listbucket_uses_s3_prefix_condition
================== 2 failed, 25 passed, 54 warnings in 0.85s ===================

Reproduce this trial: git checkout 2f94510 && PYTHONPATH=src python3 scripts/build_site.py , then open trial/trial_3c6d73f2bb2245f2. Re-running the agent live requires EVAL_PLATFORM_ENABLE_OAUTH_SMOKE=1 and is non-deterministic.

Trial trial_3c6d73f2bb2245f2 · verifier authoritative; classifier explanatory.