SyncValsverifier → artifact → classifier → verdict
SyncVals · Trajectory

iam-permissions-boundary-ceiling

claude-code claude-opus-4-7 ✗ failed GOOD_FAILURE ↑ View task
Solved from the instruction alone, tests/ and solution/ were withheld from the agent's workspace and restored only for grading.
Reward = tests/test.sh exit code (0 → resolved); the classification below is post-hoc and cannot change it.
Classification , post-hoc; cannot change the reward
GOOD_FAILUREHonest miss, the agent ran correctly but couldn't solve it. Expected for a hard task; the task is sound.
SubtypeIncomplete Understanding
EvidenceTest test_12_boundary_listbucket_uses_s3_prefix_condition failed with: 'boundary has no s3:ListBucket Allow statement , without it, even a prefix-scoped list is denied'. Agent's boundary policy (step 43 in trajectory) contains only two statements (VaultConfidentialObjects for Get/PutObject and VaultKmsUse for Decrypt/GenerateDataKey), completely omitting the s3:ListBucket statement. Agent passed 26 of 27 tests, fixing most bugs but missing this specific requirement. The instruction explicitly states the boundary must include 's3:ListBucket scoped by Condition.StringLike on s3:prefix'.
Root causeThe agent successfully diagnosed and fixed multiple IAM configuration issues (removing explicit Deny statements, fixing case sensitivity, attaching the boundary to the user, updating SSM pointers) but failed to include the s3:ListBucket action with proper conditions in the boundary policy. This is a requirement mentioned in the instruction but was overlooked during implementation.
RecommendationN/A - task is fine. The instruction clearly specifies that s3:ListBucket with Condition.StringLike on s3:prefix must be included in the boundary. The agent's failure to include this was a limitation in the agent's implementation, not a task specification issue. The test correctly validates this requirement.
Trajectory
Tool-by-tool agent trajectory
55 tool calls · 3 tool types · 55 steps
a teammate left mid-setup and the analyst access design isn't working: the analyst is supposed to be capped by a permissions boundary so they can only read/write objects under the `confidential/` prefix of one specific bucket (`vault-bucket`) using one specific customer-managed kms key (`alias/vault-kms`). nothing else , not the `public/` prefix, not other buckets, not creating new kms keys, not escalating their own iam. the pieces exist (the iam user `analyst-user`, the two managed policies `AnalystIdentityPolicy` and `AnalystBoundary`, the bucket, the cmk, the access keys for the analyst, ssm pointers); something is off. diagnose and fix it **in place** (recreating an individual managed policy by deleting and re-creating under the same name is fine when its document can't be edited in place; replacing the user is fine when an attribute set at create time can't be changed in place , keep the same names, and update ssm pointers to match if you do). a manifest of every resource (arns, names, the analyst's access keys) is published under ssm at `/harbor/boundary/*`; read it instead of guessing. the environment is reachable at `$AWS_ENDPOINT_URL` (`ENFORCE_IAM=1`, account `000000000000`, region `us-east-1`). "fixed" is judged end-to-end and in shape. signing real requests with the analyst's own access keys (exported via the ssm manifest), under `ENFORCE_IAM=1`, the runtime evaluates identity ∩ boundary and the behaviour must be: - `s3:PutObject` and `s3:GetObject` under `arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/confidential/<anything>` succeed - `s3:PutObject` under `arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/<anything>` is `AccessDenied` - `s3:PutObject` on any bucket other than `vault-bucket` is `AccessDenied` - `kms:CreateKey` is `AccessDenied` - a `kms:Decrypt`/`kms:GenerateDataKey` call against the vault cmk on behalf of the analyst succeeds (so that confidential objects encrypted with that cmk can actually be read by the analyst) `iam:GetUser` on `analyst-user` has to return a `PermissionsBoundary.PermissionsBoundaryArn` pointing at the `AnalystBoundary` managed policy , that's the only signal the auditor uses to confirm the boundary is wired up. and the boundary's *active* document (its default version , managed policies can have several versions but only one is in force) has to actually shape the runtime behaviour above. a permissions boundary is a **ceiling**, not a deny list, and it's not the same as an SCP. work out the shape from behaviour: anything you'd write into the boundary that doesn't translate into the runtime answers above is wrong. the identity policy stays deliberately broad (`s3:*` on `*`, `kms:*` on `*`) so that the intersection semantics can be observed; if the identity policy itself does any gating, the design's whole point is lost. names the verifier reads from ssm , use them exactly: | thing | name | |-|-| | iam user | `analyst-user` | | identity managed policy | `AnalystIdentityPolicy` | | boundary managed policy | `AnalystBoundary` | | s3 bucket | `vault-bucket` | | kms alias | `alias/vault-kms` | | ssm , boundary policy arn | `/harbor/boundary/policy-arn` | | ssm , identity policy arn | `/harbor/boundary/identity-arn` | | ssm , user arn | `/harbor/boundary/user-arn` | | ssm , cmk arn | `/harbor/boundary/kms-key-arn` | | ssm , analyst access key id | `/harbor/boundary/analyst-access-key-id` | | ssm , analyst secret key | `/harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key` | | cloudwatch log group | `/harbor/boundary/decisions` |
Bash
{
  "command": "echo \"AWS_ENDPOINT_URL=$AWS_ENDPOINT_URL\"; echo \"ENFORCE_IAM=$ENFORCE_IAM\"; aws --version 2>&1 | head -1",
  "description": "Check AWS environment configuration"
}
output
AWS_ENDPOINT_URL=http://localstack:4566
ENFORCE_IAM=
aws-cli/2.34.48 Python/3.14.4 Linux/6.12.76-linuxkit exe/aarch64.ubuntu.24

[stdout]
AWS_ENDPOINT_URL=http://localstack:4566
ENFORCE_IAM=
aws-cli/2.34.48 Python/3.14.4 Linux/6.12.76-linuxkit exe/aarch64.ubuntu.24
Bash
{
  "command": "aws ssm get-parameters-by-path --path /harbor/boundary/ --recursive --region us-east-1 --output json",
  "description": "Read SSM manifest"
}
output
{
    "Parameters": [
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/policy-arn",
            "Type": "String",
            "Value": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundaryPolicy",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:52.695000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/policy-arn",
            "DataType": "text"
        },
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/identity-arn",
            "Type": "String",
            "Value": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystIdentityPolicy",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:53.031000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/identity-arn",
            "DataType": "text"
        },
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/user-arn",
            "Type": "String",
            "Value": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:53.349000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/user-arn",
            "DataType": "text"
        },
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/kms-key-arn",
            "Type": "String",
            "Value": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/289fbac3-0dec-4b18-a649-770e2f43eedb",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:53.674000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/kms-key-arn",
            "DataType": "text"
        },
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/bucket-name",
            "Type": "String",
            "Value": "vault-bucket",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:53.984000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/bucket-name",
            "DataType": "text"
        },
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/analyst-access-key-id",
            "Type": "String",
            "Value": "LKIAQAAAAAAALMYETOQ3",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:54.305000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/analyst-access-key-id",
            "DataType": "text"
        },
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key",
            "Type": "SecureString",
            "Value": "kms:alias/aws/ssm:ctJL13Ep9U2paRTe8DSqzED55uSFZwM3LMpIvZU0",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:54.621000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key",
            "DataType": "text"
        }
    ]
}

[stdout]
{
    "Parameters": [
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/policy-arn",
            "Type": "String",
            "Value": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundaryPolicy",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:52.695000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/policy-arn",
            "DataType": "text"
        },
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/identity-arn",
            "Type": "String",
            "Value": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystIdentityPolicy",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:53.031000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/identity-arn",
            "DataType": "text"
        },
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/user-arn",
            "Type": "String",
            "Value": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:53.349000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/user-arn",
      
…[truncated]
Bash
{
  "command": "aws iam list-policies --scope Local --region us-east-1 --output json",
  "description": "List local IAM policies"
}
output
{
    "Policies": [
        {
            "PolicyName": "AnalystBoundary",
            "PolicyId": "AHXCAN3166K3U9BBYLOQY",
            "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary",
            "Path": "/",
            "DefaultVersionId": "v1",
            "AttachmentCount": 0,
            "PermissionsBoundaryUsageCount": 0,
            "IsAttachable": true,
            "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:47.761214+00:00",
            "UpdateDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:47.761214+00:00"
        },
        {
            "PolicyName": "AnalystIdentityPolicy",
            "PolicyId": "AB99LTACF3WP009DZB2VU",
            "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystIdentityPolicy",
            "Path": "/",
            "DefaultVersionId": "v1",
            "AttachmentCount": 1,
            "PermissionsBoundaryUsageCount": 0,
            "IsAttachable": true,
            "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:47.071866+00:00",
            "UpdateDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:47.071866+00:00"
        }
    ]
}

[stdout]
{
    "Policies": [
        {
            "PolicyName": "AnalystBoundary",
            "PolicyId": "AHXCAN3166K3U9BBYLOQY",
            "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary",
            "Path": "/",
            "DefaultVersionId": "v1",
            "AttachmentCount": 0,
            "PermissionsBoundaryUsageCount": 0,
            "IsAttachable": true,
            "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:47.761214+00:00",
            "UpdateDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:47.761214+00:00"
        },
        {
            "PolicyName": "AnalystIdentityPolicy",
            "PolicyId": "AB99LTACF3WP009DZB2VU",
            "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystIdentityPolicy",
            "Path": "/",
            "DefaultVersionId": "v1",
            "AttachmentCount": 1,
            "PermissionsBoundaryUsageCount": 0,
            "IsAttachable": true,
            "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:47.071866+00:00",
            "UpdateDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:47.071866+00:00"
        }
    ]
}
Bash
{
  "command": "aws iam get-user --user-name analyst-user --region us-east-1 --output json",
  "description": "Get analyst user details"
}
output
{
    "User": {
        "Path": "/",
        "UserName": "analyst-user",
        "UserId": "AIDAQAAAAAAAHNMVKFJQM",
        "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user",
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:49.172295+00:00"
    }
}

[stdout]
{
    "User": {
        "Path": "/",
        "UserName": "analyst-user",
        "UserId": "AIDAQAAAAAAAHNMVKFJQM",
        "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user",
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:49.172295+00:00"
    }
}
Bash
{
  "command": "aws iam list-attached-user-policies --user-name analyst-user --region us-east-1 --output json",
  "description": "List analyst user attached policies"
}
output
{
    "AttachedPolicies": [
        {
            "PolicyName": "AnalystIdentityPolicy",
            "PolicyArn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystIdentityPolicy"
        }
    ]
}

[stdout]
{
    "AttachedPolicies": [
        {
            "PolicyName": "AnalystIdentityPolicy",
            "PolicyArn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystIdentityPolicy"
        }
    ]
}
Bash
{
  "command": "aws s3api list-buckets --region us-east-1 --output json",
  "description": "List buckets"
}
output
{
    "Buckets": [
        {
            "Name": "vault-bucket",
            "CreationDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:44+00:00",
            "BucketRegion": "us-east-1",
            "BucketArn": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket"
        }
    ],
    "Owner": {
        "ID": "75aa57f09aa0c8caeab4f8c24e99d10f8e7faeebf76c078efc7c6caea54ba06a"
    },
    "Prefix": null
}

[stdout]
{
    "Buckets": [
        {
            "Name": "vault-bucket",
            "CreationDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:44+00:00",
            "BucketRegion": "us-east-1",
            "BucketArn": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket"
        }
    ],
    "Owner": {
        "ID": "75aa57f09aa0c8caeab4f8c24e99d10f8e7faeebf76c078efc7c6caea54ba06a"
    },
    "Prefix": null
}
Bash
{
  "command": "aws kms list-aliases --region us-east-1 --output json",
  "description": "List KMS aliases"
}
output
{
    "Aliases": [
        {
            "AliasName": "alias/vault-kms",
            "AliasArn": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:alias/vault-kms",
            "TargetKeyId": "289fbac3-0dec-4b18-a649-770e2f43eedb",
            "CreationDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:43.549806+00:00"
        }
    ]
}

[stdout]
{
    "Aliases": [
        {
            "AliasName": "alias/vault-kms",
            "AliasArn": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:alias/vault-kms",
            "TargetKeyId": "289fbac3-0dec-4b18-a649-770e2f43eedb",
            "CreationDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:43.549806+00:00"
        }
    ]
}
Bash
{
  "command": "aws iam get-policy-version --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystIdentityPolicy --version-id v1 --region us-east-1 --output json",
  "description": "Get identity policy document"
}
output
{
    "PolicyVersion": {
        "Document": {
            "Version": "2012-10-17",
            "Statement": [
                {
                    "Sid": "AnalystS3",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": "s3:*",
                    "Resource": "*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "AnalystKms",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": "kms:*",
                    "Resource": "*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "AnalystGuard",
                    "Effect": "Deny",
                    "Action": "s3:PutObject",
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/*"
                }
            ]
        },
        "VersionId": "v1",
        "IsDefaultVersion": true,
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:47.071866+00:00"
    }
}

[stdout]
{
    "PolicyVersion": {
        "Document": {
            "Version": "2012-10-17",
            "Statement": [
                {
                    "Sid": "AnalystS3",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": "s3:*",
                    "Resource": "*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "AnalystKms",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": "kms:*",
                    "Resource": "*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "AnalystGuard",
                    "Effect": "Deny",
                    "Action": "s3:PutObject",
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/*"
                }
            ]
        },
        "VersionId": "v1",
        "IsDefaultVersion": true,
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:47.071866+00:00"
    }
}
Bash
{
  "command": "aws iam get-policy-version --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary --version-id v1 --region us-east-1 --output json",
  "description": "Get boundary policy document"
}
output
{
    "PolicyVersion": {
        "Document": {
            "Version": "2012-10-17",
            "Statement": [
                {
                    "Sid": "BucketListing",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": [
                        "s3:ListBucket",
                        "s3:GetBucketLocation"
                    ],
                    "NotResource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "ObjectOps",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": [
                        "s3:GetObject",
                        "s3:PutObject",
                        "s3:DeleteObject"
                    ],
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/Confidential/*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "PublicGuard",
                    "Effect": "Deny",
                    "Action": "s3:*",
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "KmsForVault",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": "kms:*",
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/289fbac3-0dec-4b18-a649-770e2f43eedb"
                }
            ]
        },
        "VersionId": "v1",
        "IsDefaultVersion": true,
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:47.761214+00:00"
    }
}

[stdout]
{
    "PolicyVersion": {
        "Document": {
            "Version": "2012-10-17",
            "Statement": [
                {
                    "Sid": "BucketListing",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": [
                        "s3:ListBucket",
                        "s3:GetBucketLocation"
                    ],
                    "NotResource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "ObjectOps",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": [
                        "s3:GetObject",
                        "s3:PutObject",
                        "s3:DeleteObject"
                    ],
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/Confidential/*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "PublicGuard",
                    "Effect": "Deny",
                    "Action": "s3:*",
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "KmsForVault",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": "kms:*",
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/289fbac3-0dec-4b18-a649-770e2f43eedb"
                }
            ]
        },
        "VersionId": "v1",
        "IsDefaultVersion": true,
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:47.761214+00:00"
    }
}
Bash
{
  "command": "aws iam list-access-keys --user-name analyst-user --region us-east-1 --output json",
  "description": "List analyst access keys"
}
output
{
    "AccessKeyMetadata": [
        {
            "UserName": "analyst-user",
            "AccessKeyId": "LKIAQAAAAAAALMYETOQ3",
            "Status": "Active",
            "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:50.693332+00:00"
        }
    ]
}

[stdout]
{
    "AccessKeyMetadata": [
        {
            "UserName": "analyst-user",
            "AccessKeyId": "LKIAQAAAAAAALMYETOQ3",
            "Status": "Active",
            "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:50.693332+00:00"
        }
    ]
}
Bash
{
  "command": "aws kms describe-key --key-id alias/vault-kms --region us-east-1 --output json",
  "description": "Describe KMS key"
}
output
{
    "KeyMetadata": {
        "AWSAccountId": "000000000000",
        "KeyId": "289fbac3-0dec-4b18-a649-770e2f43eedb",
        "Arn": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/289fbac3-0dec-4b18-a649-770e2f43eedb",
        "CreationDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:42.582971+00:00",
        "Enabled": true,
        "Description": "harbor vault cmk",
        "KeyUsage": "ENCRYPT_DECRYPT",
        "KeyState": "Enabled",
        "Origin": "AWS_KMS",
        "KeyManager": "CUSTOMER",
        "CustomerMasterKeySpec": "SYMMETRIC_DEFAULT",
        "KeySpec": "SYMMETRIC_DEFAULT",
        "EncryptionAlgorithms": [
            "SYMMETRIC_DEFAULT"
        ],
        "MultiRegion": false,
        "CurrentKeyMaterialId": "b0bf33e3afc8561885dc793bf767d28db0bf33e3afc8561885dc793bf767d28d"
    }
}

[stdout]
{
    "KeyMetadata": {
        "AWSAccountId": "000000000000",
        "KeyId": "289fbac3-0dec-4b18-a649-770e2f43eedb",
        "Arn": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/289fbac3-0dec-4b18-a649-770e2f43eedb",
        "CreationDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:42.582971+00:00",
        "Enabled": true,
        "Description": "harbor vault cmk",
        "KeyUsage": "ENCRYPT_DECRYPT",
        "KeyState": "Enabled",
        "Origin": "AWS_KMS",
        "KeyManager": "CUSTOMER",
        "CustomerMasterKeySpec": "SYMMETRIC_DEFAULT",
        "KeySpec": "SYMMETRIC_DEFAULT",
        "EncryptionAlgorithms": [
            "SYMMETRIC_DEFAULT"
        ],
        "MultiRegion": false,
        "CurrentKeyMaterialId": "b0bf33e3afc8561885dc793bf767d28db0bf33e3afc8561885dc793bf767d28d"
    }
}
Bash
{
  "command": "aws kms get-key-policy --key-id alias/vault-kms --policy-name default --region us-east-1 --output json",
  "description": "Get KMS key policy"
}
output
{
    "Policy": "{\n  \"Version\": \"2012-10-17\",\n  \"Statement\": [\n    {\n      \"Sid\": \"EnableIAMUserPermissions\",\n      \"Effect\": \"Allow\",\n      \"Principal\": {\"AWS\": \"arn:aws:iam::000000000000:root\"},\n      \"Action\": \"kms:*\",\n      \"Resource\": \"*\"\n    }\n  ]\n}"
}

[stdout]
{
    "Policy": "{\n  \"Version\": \"2012-10-17\",\n  \"Statement\": [\n    {\n      \"Sid\": \"EnableIAMUserPermissions\",\n      \"Effect\": \"Allow\",\n      \"Principal\": {\"AWS\": \"arn:aws:iam::000000000000:root\"},\n      \"Action\": \"kms:*\",\n      \"Resource\": \"*\"\n    }\n  ]\n}"
}
I have enough to diagnose. Let me lay out the issues found: **Issues** 1. `analyst-user` has **no permissions boundary attached** (`GetUser` returns no `PermissionsBoundary`). 2. `AnalystBoundary` document is wrong , uppercase `Confidential/*`, uses a `s3:*` Deny on `public/*` (boundary is a ceiling, not a deny list), grants `kms:*` (would allow `kms:CreateKey`-via-resource is actually safe but the action set is too wide), and includes bucket-listing that wasn't requested. 3. `AnalystIdentityPolicy` is doing gating with an `AnalystGuard` Deny , spec says identity must be deliberately broad. 4. SSM `/harbor/boundary/policy-arn` points to `arn:.../policy/AnalystBoundaryPolicy` (doesn't exist); real policy is `AnalystBoundary`. Fixing each in place via new managed-policy versions, `put-user-permissions-boundary`, and an SSM put.
Bash
{
  "command": "mkdir -p /tmp/iam && cat >/tmp/iam/identity.json <<'JSON'\n{\n  \"Version\": \"2012-10-17\",\n  \"Statement\": [\n    { \"Sid\": \"AnalystS3\", \"Effect\": \"Allow\", \"Action\": \"s3:*\", \"Resource\": \"*\" },\n    { \"Sid\": \"AnalystKms\", \"Effect\": \"Allow\", \"Action\": \"kms:*\", \"Resource\": \"*\" }\n  ]\n}\nJSON\ncat >/tmp/iam/boundary.json <<'JSON'\n{\n  \"Version\": \"2012-10-17\",\n  \"Statement\": [\n    {\n      \"Sid\": \"VaultConfidentialObjects\",\n      \"Effect\": \"Allow\",\n      \"Action\": [\"s3:GetObject\", \"s3:PutObject\"],\n      \"Resource\": \"arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/confidential/*\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"Sid\": \"VaultKmsUse\",\n      \"Effect\": \"Allow\",\n      \"Action\": [\"kms:Decrypt\", \"kms:GenerateDataKey\"],\n      \"Resource\": \"arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/289fbac3-0dec-4b18-a649-770e2f43eedb\"\n    }\n  ]\n}\nJSON\necho \"wrote docs\"; ls /tmp/iam",
  "description": "Write new identity and boundary policy documents"
}
output
wrote docs
boundary.json
identity.json

[stdout]
wrote docs
boundary.json
identity.json
Bash
{
  "command": "aws iam create-policy-version \\\n  --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystIdentityPolicy \\\n  --policy-document file:///tmp/iam/identity.json \\\n  --set-as-default --region us-east-1 --output json",
  "description": "Update identity policy default version"
}
output
{
    "PolicyVersion": {
        "VersionId": "v2",
        "IsDefaultVersion": true,
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:16:57.119605+00:00"
    }
}

[stdout]
{
    "PolicyVersion": {
        "VersionId": "v2",
        "IsDefaultVersion": true,
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:16:57.119605+00:00"
    }
}
Bash
{
  "command": "aws iam create-policy-version \\\n  --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary \\\n  --policy-document file:///tmp/iam/boundary.json \\\n  --set-as-default --region us-east-1 --output json",
  "description": "Update boundary policy default version"
}
output
{
    "PolicyVersion": {
        "VersionId": "v3",
        "IsDefaultVersion": true,
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:16:57.446177+00:00"
    }
}

[stdout]
{
    "PolicyVersion": {
        "VersionId": "v3",
        "IsDefaultVersion": true,
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:16:57.446177+00:00"
    }
}
Bash
{
  "command": "aws iam put-user-permissions-boundary \\\n  --user-name analyst-user \\\n  --permissions-boundary arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary \\\n  --region us-east-1",
  "description": "Attach permissions boundary to analyst-user"
}
output
(Bash completed with no output)
Bash
{
  "command": "aws ssm put-parameter \\\n  --name /harbor/boundary/policy-arn \\\n  --value arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary \\\n  --type String --overwrite --region us-east-1 --output json",
  "description": "Update SSM policy-arn pointer"
}
output
{
    "Version": 2,
    "Tier": "Standard"
}

[stdout]
{
    "Version": 2,
    "Tier": "Standard"
}
Now let me verify the boundary is wired up, then test end-to-end as the analyst with `ENFORCE_IAM=1`.
Bash
{
  "command": "aws iam get-user --user-name analyst-user --region us-east-1 --output json",
  "description": "Verify boundary on user"
}
output
{
    "User": {
        "Path": "/",
        "UserName": "analyst-user",
        "UserId": "AIDAQAAAAAAAHNMVKFJQM",
        "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user",
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:49.172295+00:00",
        "PermissionsBoundary": {
            "PermissionsBoundaryType": "Policy",
            "PermissionsBoundaryArn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary"
        }
    }
}

[stdout]
{
    "User": {
        "Path": "/",
        "UserName": "analyst-user",
        "UserId": "AIDAQAAAAAAAHNMVKFJQM",
        "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user",
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:49.172295+00:00",
        "PermissionsBoundary": {
            "PermissionsBoundaryType": "Policy",
            "PermissionsBoundaryArn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary"
        }
    }
}
Bash
{
  "command": "aws iam get-policy-version --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary --version-id v3 --region us-east-1 --output json",
  "description": "Verify boundary default version"
}
output
{
    "PolicyVersion": {
        "Document": {
            "Version": "2012-10-17",
            "Statement": [
                {
                    "Sid": "VaultConfidentialObjects",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": [
                        "s3:GetObject",
                        "s3:PutObject"
                    ],
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/confidential/*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "VaultKmsUse",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": [
                        "kms:Decrypt",
                        "kms:GenerateDataKey"
                    ],
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/289fbac3-0dec-4b18-a649-770e2f43eedb"
                }
            ]
        },
        "VersionId": "v3",
        "IsDefaultVersion": true,
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:16:57.446177+00:00"
    }
}

[stdout]
{
    "PolicyVersion": {
        "Document": {
            "Version": "2012-10-17",
            "Statement": [
                {
                    "Sid": "VaultConfidentialObjects",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": [
                        "s3:GetObject",
                        "s3:PutObject"
                    ],
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/confidential/*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "VaultKmsUse",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": [
                        "kms:Decrypt",
                        "kms:GenerateDataKey"
                    ],
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/289fbac3-0dec-4b18-a649-770e2f43eedb"
                }
            ]
        },
        "VersionId": "v3",
        "IsDefaultVersion": true,
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:16:57.446177+00:00"
    }
}
Bash
{
  "command": "aws iam get-policy --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary --region us-east-1 --output json",
  "description": "Confirm boundary default version pointer"
}
output
{
    "Policy": {
        "PolicyName": "AnalystBoundary",
        "PolicyId": "AHXCAN3166K3U9BBYLOQY",
        "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary",
        "Path": "/",
        "DefaultVersionId": "v3",
        "AttachmentCount": 0,
        "PermissionsBoundaryUsageCount": 0,
        "IsAttachable": true,
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:47.761214+00:00",
        "UpdateDate": "2026-05-17T08:16:57.446177+00:00",
        "Tags": []
    }
}

[stdout]
{
    "Policy": {
        "PolicyName": "AnalystBoundary",
        "PolicyId": "AHXCAN3166K3U9BBYLOQY",
        "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary",
        "Path": "/",
        "DefaultVersionId": "v3",
        "AttachmentCount": 0,
        "PermissionsBoundaryUsageCount": 0,
        "IsAttachable": true,
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:13:47.761214+00:00",
        "UpdateDate": "2026-05-17T08:16:57.446177+00:00",
        "Tags": []
    }
}
Boundary attached and document is right. Now let me sign requests as the analyst with `ENFORCE_IAM=1` and verify all five behaviors.
Bash
{
  "command": "set -e\nexport AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=$(aws ssm get-parameter --name /harbor/boundary/analyst-access-key-id --region us-east-1 --query Parameter.Value --output text)\nexport AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=$(aws ssm get-parameter --name /harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key --with-decryption --region us-east-1 --query Parameter.Value --output text)\nexport AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=us-east-1\nexport ENFORCE_IAM=1\nunset AWS_SESSION_TOKEN\necho \"AKID=$AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID len(secret)=${#AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY}\"\n\nKMS_KEY_ARN=$(aws ssm get-parameter --name /harbor/boundary/kms-key-arn --region us-east-1 --query Parameter.Value --output text)\necho \"KMS=$KMS_KEY_ARN\"\n\necho \"--- 1) PutObject vault-bucket/confidential/x.txt (expect OK) ---\"\necho \"hi\" > /tmp/x.txt\naws s3api put-object --bucket vault-bucket --key confidential/x.txt --body /tmp/x.txt \\\n  --server-side-encryption aws:kms --ssekms-key-id \"$KMS_KEY_ARN\" \\\n  --output json && echo PUT_CONF_OK || echo PUT_CONF_FAIL\n\necho \"--- 2) GetObject vault-bucket/confidential/x.txt (expect OK) ---\"\naws s3api get-object --bucket vault-bucket --key confidential/x.txt /tmp/x.out --output json \\\n  && echo GET_CONF_OK || echo GET_CONF_FAIL\n\necho \"--- 3) PutObject vault-bucket/public/y.txt (expect AccessDenied) ---\"\naws s3api put-object --bucket vault-bucket --key public/y.txt --body /tmp/x.txt 2>&1 | tail -3\necho \"--- 4) PutObject other-bucket/anything (expect AccessDenied) ---\"\naws s3api put-object --bucket other-bucket --key foo --body /tmp/x.txt 2>&1 | tail -3\necho \"--- 5) kms:CreateKey (expect AccessDenied) ---\"\naws kms create-key 2>&1 | tail -3\necho \"--- 6) kms:Decrypt-style use via GenerateDataKey on vault cmk (expect OK) ---\"\naws kms generate-data-key --key-id \"$KMS_KEY_ARN\" --key-spec AES_256 --query KeyId --output text \\\n  && echo GDK_OK || echo GDK_FAIL",
  "description": "End-to-end behavioral verification as analyst"
}
output
aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (AccessDeniedException) when calling the GetParameter operation: User: arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user is not authorized to perform: ssm:GetParameter on resource: arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key because no identity-based policy allows the ssm:GetParameter action
AKID=LKIAQAAAAAAALMYETOQ3 len(secret)=0

aws: [ERROR]: Partial credentials found in env, missing: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
KMS=
--- 1) PutObject vault-bucket/confidential/x.txt (expect OK) ---

aws: [ERROR]: Partial credentials found in env, missing: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
PUT_CONF_FAIL
--- 2) GetObject vault-bucket/confidential/x.txt (expect OK) ---

aws: [ERROR]: Partial credentials found in env, missing: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
GET_CONF_FAIL
--- 3) PutObject vault-bucket/public/y.txt (expect AccessDenied) ---

aws: [ERROR]: Partial credentials found in env, missing: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
--- 4) PutObject other-bucket/anything (expect AccessDenied) ---

aws: [ERROR]: Partial credentials found in env, missing: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
--- 5) kms:CreateKey (expect AccessDenied) ---

aws: [ERROR]: Partial credentials found in env, missing: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
--- 6) kms:Decrypt-style use via GenerateDataKey on vault cmk (expect OK) ---

aws: [ERROR]: Partial credentials found in env, missing: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
GDK_FAIL

[stdout]
aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (AccessDeniedException) when calling the GetParameter operation: User: arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user is not authorized to perform: ssm:GetParameter on resource: arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key because no identity-based policy allows the ssm:GetParameter action
AKID=LKIAQAAAAAAALMYETOQ3 len(secret)=0

aws: [ERROR]: Partial credentials found in env, missing: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
KMS=
--- 1) PutObject vault-bucket/confidential/x.txt (expect OK) ---

aws: [ERROR]: Partial credentials found in env, missing: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
PUT_CONF_FAIL
--- 2) GetObject vault-bucket/confidential/x.txt (expect OK) ---

aws: [ERROR]: Partial credentials found in env, missing: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
GET_CONF_FAIL
--- 3) PutObject vault-bucket/public/y.txt (expect AccessDenied) ---

aws: [ERROR]: Partial credentials found in env, missing: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
--- 4) PutObject other-bucket/anything (expect AccessDenied) ---

aws: [ERROR]: Partial credentials found in env, missing: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
--- 5) kms:CreateKey (expect AccessDenied) ---

aws: [ERROR]: Partial credentials found in env, missing: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
--- 6) kms:Decrypt-style use via GenerateDataKey on vault cmk (expect OK) ---

aws: [ERROR]: Partial credentials found in env, missing: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
GDK_FAIL
The shell exported AKID before fetching the secret, so the second SSM call ran as the analyst. Let me fetch both first.
Bash
{
  "command": "set -e\nAID=$(aws ssm get-parameter --name /harbor/boundary/analyst-access-key-id --region us-east-1 --query Parameter.Value --output text)\nSEC=$(aws ssm get-parameter --name /harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key --with-decryption --region us-east-1 --query Parameter.Value --output text)\nKMS_KEY_ARN=$(aws ssm get-parameter --name /harbor/boundary/kms-key-arn --region us-east-1 --query Parameter.Value --output text)\nexport AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=\"$AID\"\nexport AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=\"$SEC\"\nexport AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=us-east-1\nexport ENFORCE_IAM=1\nunset AWS_SESSION_TOKEN\necho \"AKID=$AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID len(secret)=${#AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY}\"\necho \"KMS=$KMS_KEY_ARN\"\n\necho \"--- whoami sanity ---\"\naws sts get-caller-identity --output json 2>&1 | tail -8\n\necho \"--- 1) PutObject vault-bucket/confidential/x.txt (expect OK) ---\"\necho \"hi\" > /tmp/x.txt\naws s3api put-object --bucket vault-bucket --key confidential/x.txt --body /tmp/x.txt \\\n  --server-side-encryption aws:kms --ssekms-key-id \"$KMS_KEY_ARN\" 2>&1 | tail -5\necho \"--- 2) GetObject vault-bucket/confidential/x.txt (expect OK) ---\"\naws s3api get-object --bucket vault-bucket --key confidential/x.txt /tmp/x.out 2>&1 | tail -5 && [ -s /tmp/x.out ] && echo \"BODY=$(cat /tmp/x.out)\"\n\necho \"--- 3) PutObject vault-bucket/public/y.txt (expect AccessDenied) ---\"\naws s3api put-object --bucket vault-bucket --key public/y.txt --body /tmp/x.txt 2>&1 | tail -3\necho \"--- 4) PutObject other-bucket/anything (expect AccessDenied) ---\"\naws s3api put-object --bucket other-bucket --key foo --body /tmp/x.txt 2>&1 | tail -3\necho \"--- 5) kms:CreateKey (expect AccessDenied) ---\"\naws kms create-key 2>&1 | tail -3\necho \"--- 6) kms:GenerateDataKey on vault cmk (expect OK) ---\"\naws kms generate-data-key --key-id \"$KMS_KEY_ARN\" --key-spec AES_256 --query KeyId --output text 2>&1 | tail -3\necho \"--- 7) kms:Decrypt on vault cmk (expect OK) ---\"\nCT=$(aws kms encrypt --key-id \"$KMS_KEY_ARN\" --plaintext \"$(printf hello | base64)\" --query CiphertextBlob --output text)\naws kms decrypt --ciphertext-blob \"$CT\" --query Plaintext --output text 2>&1 | tail -3",
  "description": "End-to-end behavioral verification as analyst"
}
output
AKID=LKIAQAAAAAAALMYETOQ3 len(secret)=40
KMS=arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/289fbac3-0dec-4b18-a649-770e2f43eedb
--- whoami sanity ---
{
    "UserId": "AIDAQAAAAAAAHNMVKFJQM",
    "Account": "000000000000",
    "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user"
}
--- 1) PutObject vault-bucket/confidential/x.txt (expect OK) ---
    "ChecksumType": "FULL_OBJECT",
    "ServerSideEncryption": "aws:kms",
    "SSEKMSKeyId": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/289fbac3-0dec-4b18-a649-770e2f43eedb",
    "BucketKeyEnabled": true
}
--- 2) GetObject vault-bucket/confidential/x.txt (expect OK) ---
    "ServerSideEncryption": "aws:kms",
    "Metadata": {},
    "SSEKMSKeyId": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/289fbac3-0dec-4b18-a649-770e2f43eedb",
    "BucketKeyEnabled": true
}
BODY=hi
--- 3) PutObject vault-bucket/public/y.txt (expect AccessDenied) ---

aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (AccessDenied) when calling the PutObject operation: Access Denied
--- 4) PutObject other-bucket/anything (expect AccessDenied) ---

aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (AccessDenied) when calling the PutObject operation: Access Denied
--- 5) kms:CreateKey (expect AccessDenied) ---

aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (AccessDeniedException) when calling the CreateKey operation: User: arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user is not authorized to perform: kms:CreateKey on resource: * because no identity-based policy allows the kms:CreateKey action
--- 6) kms:GenerateDataKey on vault cmk (expect OK) ---
arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/289fbac3-0dec-4b18-a649-770e2f43eedb
--- 7) kms:Decrypt on vault cmk (expect OK) ---

aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (AccessDeniedException) when calling the Encrypt operation: User: arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user is not authorized to perform: kms:Encrypt on resource: arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/289fbac3-0dec-4b18-a649-770e2f43eedb because no identity-based policy allows the kms:Encrypt action

aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (AccessDeniedException) when calling the Decrypt operation: User: arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user is not authorized to perform: kms:Decrypt on resource: arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/* because no identity-based policy allows the kms:Decrypt action

[stdout]
AKID=LKIAQAAAAAAALMYETOQ3 len(secret)=40
KMS=arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/289fbac3-0dec-4b18-a649-770e2f43eedb
--- whoami sanity ---
{
    "UserId": "AIDAQAAAAAAAHNMVKFJQM",
    "Account": "000000000000",
    "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user"
}
--- 1) PutObject vault-bucket/confidential/x.txt (expect OK) ---
    "ChecksumType": "FULL_OBJECT",
    "ServerSideEncryption": "aws:kms",
    "SSEKMSKeyId": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/289fbac3-0dec-4b18-a649-770e2f43eedb",
    "BucketKeyEnabled": true
}
--- 2) GetObject vault-bucket/confidential/x.txt (expect OK) ---
    "ServerSideEncryption": "aws:kms",
    "Metadata": {},
    "SSEKMSKeyId": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/289fbac3-0dec-4b18-a649-770e2f43eedb",
    "BucketKeyEnabled": true
}
BODY=hi
--- 3) PutObject vault-bucket/public/y.txt (expect AccessDenied) ---

aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (AccessDenied) when calling the PutObject operation: Access Denied
--- 4) PutObject other-bucket/anything (expect AccessDenied) ---

aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (AccessDenied) when calling the PutObject operation: Access Denied
--- 5) kms:CreateKey (expect AccessDenied) ---

aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (AccessDeniedException) when calling the CreateKey operation: User: arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user is not authorized to perform: kms:CreateKey on resource: * because no identity-based policy allows the kms:CreateKey action
--- 6) kms:GenerateDataKey on vault cmk (expect OK) ---
arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/289fbac3-0dec-4b18-a649-770e2f43eedb
--- 7) kms:Decrypt on vault cmk (expect OK) ---

aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (AccessDeniedException) when calling the Encrypt ope
…[truncated]
All five spec behaviors verified. The `kms:Decrypt` direct test only failed because my test script tried `kms:Encrypt` first (which the boundary correctly disallows , boundary only allows Decrypt and GenerateDataKey). The successful SSE-KMS `GetObject` already exercises Decrypt on the analyst's behalf, but let me prove it directly using an admin-encrypted ciphertext.
Bash
{
  "command": "CT=$(aws kms encrypt --key-id alias/vault-kms --plaintext \"$(printf hello | base64)\" --region us-east-1 --query CiphertextBlob --output text)\necho \"made ciphertext (admin)\"\nAID=$(aws ssm get-parameter --name /harbor/boundary/analyst-access-key-id --region us-east-1 --query Parameter.Value --output text)\nSEC=$(aws ssm get-parameter --name /harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key --with-decryption --region us-east-1 --query Parameter.Value --output text)\nAWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=\"$AID\" AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=\"$SEC\" AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=us-east-1 ENFORCE_IAM=1 \\\n  aws kms decrypt --key-id alias/vault-kms --ciphertext-blob \"$CT\" --query Plaintext --output text 2>&1 | tail -3",
  "description": "Direct kms:Decrypt as analyst"
}
output
made ciphertext (admin)

aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (AccessDeniedException) when calling the Decrypt operation: User: arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user is not authorized to perform: kms:Decrypt on resource: * because no identity-based policy allows the kms:Decrypt action

[stdout]
made ciphertext (admin)

aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (AccessDeniedException) when calling the Decrypt operation: User: arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user is not authorized to perform: kms:Decrypt on resource: * because no identity-based policy allows the kms:Decrypt action
Bash
{
  "command": "KMS_KEY_ARN=$(aws ssm get-parameter --name /harbor/boundary/kms-key-arn --region us-east-1 --query Parameter.Value --output text)\nCT=$(aws kms encrypt --key-id \"$KMS_KEY_ARN\" --plaintext \"$(printf hello | base64)\" --region us-east-1 --query CiphertextBlob --output text)\nAID=$(aws ssm get-parameter --name /harbor/boundary/analyst-access-key-id --region us-east-1 --query Parameter.Value --output text)\nSEC=$(aws ssm get-parameter --name /harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key --with-decryption --region us-east-1 --query Parameter.Value --output text)\necho \"decrypt with explicit ARN:\"\nAWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=\"$AID\" AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=\"$SEC\" AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=us-east-1 ENFORCE_IAM=1 \\\n  aws kms decrypt --key-id \"$KMS_KEY_ARN\" --ciphertext-blob \"$CT\" --query Plaintext --output text 2>&1 | tail -3",
  "description": "Direct kms:Decrypt as analyst with explicit key ARN"
}
output
decrypt with explicit ARN:
aGVsbG8=

[stdout]
decrypt with explicit ARN:
aGVsbG8=
Credit balance is too low
Final diff , what the agent changed

No file changes, the agent left the workspace untouched.

Verifier output , the proof behind the reward
tests/test.sh
downloading uv 0.9.7 aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
Downloading botocore (12.7MiB)
Downloading pygments (1.2MiB)
 Downloading pygments
 Downloading botocore
Installed 13 packages in 29ms
============================= test session starts ==============================
platform linux -- Python 3.12.3, pytest-8.4.1, pluggy-1.6.0 -- /root/.cache/uv/archive-v0/M3NrDZJx_umNVnbo8fd_-/bin/python
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /tests
plugins: json-ctrf-0.3.5
collecting ... collected 27 items

../tests/test_outputs.py::test_01_analyst_user_exists PASSED             [  3%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_02_identity_policy_attached_to_user PASSED [  7%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_03_boundary_attached_via_get_user PASSED  [ 11%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_04_vault_bucket_exists_with_public_access_block PASSED [ 14%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_05_kms_alias_and_ssm_pointers_resolve PASSED [ 18%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_06_identity_policy_grants_full_s3_and_full_kms PASSED [ 22%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_07_identity_policy_has_no_explicit_deny_anywhere PASSED [ 25%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_08_user_has_no_admin_managed_policy_attached PASSED [ 29%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_09_boundary_effect_allow_only PASSED      [ 33%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_10_boundary_has_no_NotResource_or_NotAction PASSED [ 37%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_11_boundary_object_actions_scoped_to_confidential_prefix PASSED [ 40%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_12_boundary_listbucket_uses_s3_prefix_condition FAILED [ 44%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_13_boundary_kms_actions_scoped_to_cmk_arn PASSED [ 48%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_14_boundary_does_not_grant_kms_create_key_or_wildcard_kms PASSED [ 51%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_15_boundary_does_not_grant_iam_self_modify PASSED [ 55%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_16_boundary_size_under_managed_policy_limit PASSED [ 59%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_17_boundary_allows_confidential_put_via_simulator PASSED [ 62%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_18_boundary_denies_public_put_via_simulator PASSED [ 66%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_19_boundary_allows_kms_decrypt_via_simulator PASSED [ 70%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_20_boundary_denies_kms_create_key_via_simulator PASSED [ 74%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_21_analyst_can_put_to_confidential_prefix PASSED [ 77%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_22_analyst_cannot_put_to_public_prefix PASSED [ 81%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_23_analyst_cannot_create_kms_key PASSED   [ 85%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_24_analyst_cannot_put_to_a_different_bucket PASSED [ 88%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_25_boundary_object_resource_prefix_is_lowercase_confidential PASSED [ 92%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_26_ssm_policy_arn_resolves_to_a_live_boundary_managed_policy PASSED [ 96%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_27_boundary_default_version_reflects_the_runtime_intended_shape PASSED [100%]

=================================== FAILURES ===================================
_____________ test_12_boundary_listbucket_uses_s3_prefix_condition _____________

    def test_12_boundary_listbucket_uses_s3_prefix_condition():
        bucket = _bucket()
        bucket_arn = f"arn:aws:s3:::{bucket}"
        found = False
        for s in _stmts(_boundary_doc()):
            if s.get("Effect") != "Allow":
                continue
            actions = set(_as_list(s.get("Action")))
            if "s3:ListBucket" not in actions:
                continue
            found = True
            resources = _as_list(s.get("Resource"))
            assert bucket_arn in resources, (
                f"boundary s3:ListBucket Resource={resources!r} does not include the bucket ARN {bucket_arn!r}; "
                f"ListBucket is a bucket-level action and must target the bucket ARN, not an object-prefix ARN"
            )
            cond = s.get("Condition", {}) or {}
            sl = cond.get("StringLike", {})
            prefixes = _as_list(sl.get("s3:prefix"))
            assert any("confidential/" in p for p in prefixes), (
                f"boundary s3:ListBucket has no Condition.StringLike on s3:prefix matching 'confidential/*'; "
                f"got Condition={cond!r}. The prefix condition is the documented way to restrict list to a "
                f"prefix , anything else (NotResource, object-ARN scoping, etc.) does not actually restrict list."
            )
>       assert found, (
            f"boundary has no s3:ListBucket Allow statement , without it, even a prefix-scoped list is denied"
        )
E       AssertionError: boundary has no s3:ListBucket Allow statement , without it, even a prefix-scoped list is denied
E       assert False

/tests/test_outputs.py:319: AssertionError
=============================== warnings summary ===============================
test_outputs.py: 54 warnings
  /root/.cache/uv/archive-v0/M3NrDZJx_umNVnbo8fd_-/lib/python3.12/site-packages/botocore/auth.py:424: DeprecationWarning: datetime.datetime.utcnow() is deprecated and scheduled for removal in a future version. Use timezone-aware objects to represent datetimes in UTC: datetime.datetime.now(datetime.UTC).
    datetime_now = datetime.datetime.utcnow()

-- Docs: https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/how-to/capture-warnings.html
==================================== PASSES ====================================
=========================== short test summary info ============================
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_01_analyst_user_exists
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_02_identity_policy_attached_to_user
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_03_boundary_attached_via_get_user
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_04_vault_bucket_exists_with_public_access_block
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_05_kms_alias_and_ssm_pointers_resolve
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_06_identity_policy_grants_full_s3_and_full_kms
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_07_identity_policy_has_no_explicit_deny_anywhere
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_08_user_has_no_admin_managed_policy_attached
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_09_boundary_effect_allow_only
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_10_boundary_has_no_NotResource_or_NotAction
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_11_boundary_object_actions_scoped_to_confidential_prefix
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_13_boundary_kms_actions_scoped_to_cmk_arn
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_14_boundary_does_not_grant_kms_create_key_or_wildcard_kms
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_15_boundary_does_not_grant_iam_self_modify
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_16_boundary_size_under_managed_policy_limit
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_17_boundary_allows_confidential_put_via_simulator
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_18_boundary_denies_public_put_via_simulator
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_19_boundary_allows_kms_decrypt_via_simulator
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_20_boundary_denies_kms_create_key_via_simulator
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_21_analyst_can_put_to_confidential_prefix
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_22_analyst_cannot_put_to_public_prefix
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_23_analyst_cannot_create_kms_key
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_24_analyst_cannot_put_to_a_different_bucket
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_25_boundary_object_resource_prefix_is_lowercase_confidential
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_26_ssm_policy_arn_resolves_to_a_live_boundary_managed_policy
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_27_boundary_default_version_reflects_the_runtime_intended_shape
FAILED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_12_boundary_listbucket_uses_s3_prefix_condition
================== 1 failed, 26 passed, 54 warnings in 0.64s ===================

Reproduce this trial: git checkout 2f94510 && PYTHONPATH=src python3 scripts/build_site.py , then open trial/trial_5c5f718dec0a4854. Re-running the agent live requires EVAL_PLATFORM_ENABLE_OAUTH_SMOKE=1 and is non-deterministic.

Trial trial_5c5f718dec0a4854 · verifier authoritative; classifier explanatory.