SyncVals · Trajectory

sfn-secrets-rotation-chain

claude-code claude-opus-4-7 ✗ failed GOOD_FAILURE ↑ View task

Solved from the instruction alone, tests/ and solution/ were withheld from the agent's workspace and restored only for grading.

Reward = tests/test.sh exit code (0 → resolved); the classification below is post-hoc and cannot change it.

Classification , post-hoc; cannot change the reward

GOOD_FAILUREHonest miss, the agent ran correctly but couldn't solve it. Expected for a hard task; the task is sound.

SubtypeIncomplete Implementation

Evidence4 critical IAM policy failures: (1) KMS key policy missing rotator role permissions; (2) Lambda missing resource-based policy for secretsmanager.amazonaws.com; (3) Parent role missing events:PutRule/PutTargets/DescribeRule for .sync:2; (4) Child role missing secretsmanager:RotateSecret. The instruction explicitly states both that least privilege is enforced and the verifier reads policy docs directly, plus calls out the .sync:2 EventBridge-managed rule requirement.

Root causeThe agent understood the high-level architecture and began implementing correctly (creating lambdas, initial IAM policies, KMS key) but failed to implement all required permission statements. The instruction explicitly warns about the .sync:2 EventBridge requirement and emphasizes least-privilege enforcement, indicating these requirements were discoverable but the agent's implementation was incomplete.

RecommendationN/A - task is fine. This is a hard task requiring careful IAM policy composition. The failures are due to incomplete implementation, not task underspecification. The instruction clearly warns about the .sync:2 managed-rule requirement and emphasizes that the verifier reads policies directly."

Trajectory

Tool-by-tool agent trajectory

32 tool calls · 4 tool types · 46 steps

ok so we need a secrets rotation pipeline on localstack and right now the box is empty. localstack is at `http://localstack:4566`, creds are already exported (`AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=test`, same for secret, region `us-east-1`), you've got `aws`, `python3`, `boto3`, `jq`, `zip`, `curl`. build the whole thing. the app reads its db password from secrets manager. we need it rotatable on demand via step functions, and every successful rotation has to notify a downstream lambda. no humans in the loop. shape of it: - a parent state machine is the only entry point. it doesn't do the actual work , it hands off to a child SM and waits for it to finish. - the child SM does two things: kicks off rotation, then puts a `RotationComplete` event onto a custom eventbridge bus. - a rule on that bus routes to a notification lambda. the notification lambda isn't invoked directly by the child , it rides the bus. - the secret is encrypted with a customer-managed KMS key. not the aws-managed one, please. done looks like this: one `start-execution` on the parent (no input), and within 90s: - parent hits `SUCCEEDED` - `AWSCURRENT` on the secret moves to a new version, the string actually changes, old one gets `AWSPREVIOUS` - the notification lambda writes a log line that starts with `notified:` also: least privilege. the verifier reads policy docs directly, not just "does it work end-to-end". don't wildcard your way out. names the verifier grabs by hand, use them exactly: | thing | name | |-|-| | secret | `app/db/password` | | kms alias | `alias/app-rotation-key` | | rotator lambda | `secrets-rotator` | | rotator lambda role | `secrets-rotator-role` | | notification lambda | `notification-lambda` | | parent SM | `rotation-orchestrator` | | parent SM role | `rotation-orchestrator-role` | | child SM | `rotation-child` | | child SM role | `rotation-child-role` | | eventbridge bus | `rotation-events` | | eventbridge rule | `on-rotation-success` | rule pattern: `source` = `rotation.pipeline`, `detail-type` = `RotationComplete`. python3.11 for both lambdas. they run on the shared compose network so `http://localstack:4566` is reachable from inside them. localstack community 4.13.1. pick any password generator you like , just make sure two consecutive rotations produce different strings. one heads-up on the parent → child handoff: Step Functions implements `StartExecution.sync:2` by creating an EventBridge managed rule behind the scenes to notify the parent when the child finishes. That means the parent SM's execution role needs `events:PutRule`, `events:PutTargets`, `events:DescribeRule` in addition to the usual `states:StartExecution` / `states:DescribeExecution` / `states:StopExecution` on the child. Without those events perms the parent will fail with "not authorized to create managed-rule".

Inspect working directory and tool versions

shell

ls -la /app && echo "---" && aws --version && python3 --version

output

total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 21 20:05 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Apr 23 05:52 ..
---
aws-cli/2.34.33 Python/3.14.4 Linux/6.10.14-linuxkit exe/aarch64.ubuntu.24
Python 3.12.3

[stdout]
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 21 20:05 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Apr 23 05:52 ..
---
aws-cli/2.34.33 Python/3.14.4 Linux/6.10.14-linuxkit exe/aarch64.ubuntu.24
Python 3.12.3

Check LocalStack health status

shell

curl -s http://localstack:4566/_localstack/health | jq . | head -50

output

{
  "services": {
    "acm": "disabled",
    "apigateway": "disabled",
    "cloudformation": "disabled",
    "cloudwatch": "disabled",
    "config": "disabled",
    "dynamodb": "disabled",
    "dynamodbstreams": "disabled",
    "ec2": "disabled",
    "es": "disabled",
    "events": "available",
    "firehose": "disabled",
    "iam": "available",
    "kinesis": "disabled",
    "kms": "available",
    "lambda": "available",
    "logs": "available",
    "opensearch": "disabled",
    "redshift": "disabled",
    "resource-groups": "disabled",
    "resourcegroupstaggingapi": "disabled",
    "route53": "disabled",
    "route53resolver": "disabled",
    "s3": "available",
    "s3control": "disabled",
    "scheduler": "disabled",
    "secretsmanager": "available",
    "ses": "disabled",
    "sns": "disabled",
    "sqs": "disabled",
    "ssm": "disabled",
    "stepfunctions": "available",
    "sts": "available",
    "support": "disabled",
    "swf": "disabled",
    "transcribe": "disabled"
  },
  "edition": "community",
  "version": "4.13.1"
}

[stdout]
{
  "services": {
    "acm": "disabled",
    "apigateway": "disabled",
    "cloudformation": "disabled",
    "cloudwatch": "disabled",
    "config": "disabled",
    "dynamodb": "disabled",
    "dynamodbstreams": "disabled",
    "ec2": "disabled",
    "es": "disabled",
    "events": "available",
    "firehose": "disabled",
    "iam": "available",
    "kinesis": "disabled",
    "kms": "available",
    "lambda": "available",
    "logs": "available",
    "opensearch": "disabled",
    "redshift": "disabled",
    "resource-groups": "disabled",
    "resourcegroupstaggingapi": "disabled",
    "route53": "disabled",
    "route53resolver": "disabled",
    "s3": "available",
    "s3control": "disabled",
    "scheduler": "disabled",
    "secretsmanager": "available",
    "ses": "disabled",
    "sns": "disabled",
    "sqs": "disabled",
    "ssm": "disabled",
    "stepfunctions": "available",
    "sts": "available",
    "support": "disabled",
    "swf": "disabled",
    "transcribe": "disabled"
  },
  "edition": "community",
  "version": "4.13.1"
}

Verify environment and tooling

shell

echo "AK=$AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID SK=$AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY RG=$AWS_DEFAULT_REGION"; which zip; python3 -c "import boto3; print(boto3.__version__)"

output

AK=test SK=test RG=us-east-1
/usr/bin/zip
1.35.99

[stdout]
AK=test SK=test RG=us-east-1
/usr/bin/zip
1.35.99

All tooling in place. LocalStack 4.13.1 community with events/iam/kms/lambda/logs/secretsmanager/stepfunctions/sts available. Let me scaffold the build directory.

Scaffold build directories

shell

mkdir -p /app/build/rotator /app/build/notifier /app/iam /app/sm && ls /app

output

build
iam
sm

[stdout]
build
iam
sm

write · /app/build/rotator/index.py

import os
import secrets
import string
import uuid

import boto3

ENDPOINT = os.environ.get("AWS_ENDPOINT_URL", "http://localstack:4566")
SECRET_ID = os.environ["SECRET_ID"]

_sm = boto3.client("secretsmanager", endpoint_url=ENDPOINT)


def _generate_password(length: int = 32) -> str:
    alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "-_"
    return "".join(secrets.choice(alphabet) for _ in range(length))


def lambda_handler(event, context):
    new_password = _generate_password()
    response = _sm.put_secret_value(
        SecretId=SECRET_ID,
        ClientRequestToken=str(uuid.uuid4()),
        SecretString=new_password,
    )
    return {
        "secretId": SECRET_ID,
        "versionId": response["VersionId"],
        "stages": response.get("VersionStages", []),
    }

write · /app/build/notifier/index.py

import json


def lambda_handler(event, context):
    detail = event.get("detail", {}) if isinstance(event, dict) else {}
    detail_type = event.get("detail-type") if isinstance(event, dict) else None
    print(f"notified: detail-type={detail_type} detail={json.dumps(detail, sort_keys=True)}")
    return {"ok": True}

Package both lambda zip files

shell

cd /app/build/rotator && zip -q rotator.zip index.py && cd /app/build/notifier && zip -q notifier.zip index.py && ls -la /app/build/rotator /app/build/notifier

output

/app/build/notifier:
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 23 05:54 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Apr 23 05:54 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  320 Apr 23 05:54 index.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  349 Apr 23 05:54 notifier.zip

/app/build/rotator:
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 23 05:54 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Apr 23 05:54 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  790 Apr 23 05:54 index.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  590 Apr 23 05:54 rotator.zip

[stdout]
/app/build/notifier:
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 23 05:54 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Apr 23 05:54 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  320 Apr 23 05:54 index.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  349 Apr 23 05:54 notifier.zip

/app/build/rotator:
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 23 05:54 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Apr 23 05:54 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  790 Apr 23 05:54 index.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  590 Apr 23 05:54 rotator.zip

Now IAM trust policies and resource docs.

write · /app/iam/lambda-trust.json

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": {"Service": "lambda.amazonaws.com"},
      "Action": "sts:AssumeRole"
    }
  ]
}

ToolSearch

{
  "query": "select:TodoWrite",
  "max_results": 1
}

, output, 
{"type": "tool_reference", "tool_name": "TodoWrite"}

Create KMS CMK + alias/app-rotation-key
Create secret app/db/password encrypted with CMK
Deploy secrets-rotator lambda + scoped IAM role
Deploy notification-lambda + scoped IAM role
Create EventBridge bus rotation-events and rule on-rotation-success
Create child SM rotation-child + scoped role
Create parent SM rotation-orchestrator + scoped role
End-to-end test: start-execution -> SUCCEEDED, secret rotates, notifier logs

write · /app/iam/states-trust.json

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": {"Service": "states.amazonaws.com"},
      "Action": "sts:AssumeRole"
    }
  ]
}

Step 1 , KMS CMK and alias.

Create CMK with key policy and alias

shell

export AWS_ENDPOINT_URL=http://localstack:4566
ACCOUNT_ID=$(aws sts get-caller-identity --query Account --output text)
echo "ACCOUNT_ID=$ACCOUNT_ID"

cat > /app/iam/kms-key-policy.json <<EOF
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Id": "app-rotation-key-policy",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Sid": "EnableRootAccountAdmin",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": {"AWS": "arn:aws:iam::${ACCOUNT_ID}:root"},
      "Action": "kms:*",
      "Resource": "*"
    },
    {
      "Sid": "AllowSecretsManagerUseOfKey",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": {"Service": "secretsmanager.amazonaws.com"},
      "Action": [
        "kms:Decrypt",
        "kms:Encrypt",
        "kms:ReEncrypt*",
        "kms:GenerateDataKey*",
        "kms:DescribeKey",
        "kms:CreateGrant"
      ],
      "Resource": "*"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

KEY_ID=$(aws kms create-key \
  --description "CMK for secrets rotation pipeline" \
  --key-usage ENCRYPT_DECRYPT \
  --key-spec SYMMETRIC_DEFAULT \
  --policy file:///app/iam/kms-key-policy.json \
  --query 'KeyMetadata.KeyId' --output text)
echo "KEY_ID=$KEY_ID"

aws kms create-alias \
  --alias-name alias/app-rotation-key \
  --target-key-id "$KEY_ID"

KEY_ARN=$(aws kms describe-key --key-id alias/app-rotation-key --query 'KeyMetadata.Arn' --output text)
echo "KEY_ARN=$KEY_ARN"

# persist for next steps
echo "$ACCOUNT_ID" > /tmp/acct
echo "$KEY_ARN" > /tmp/keyarn
echo "$KEY_ID" > /tmp/keyid

output

ACCOUNT_ID=000000000000
KEY_ID=d7b06a24-40e6-49dd-82cf-45c7ffafa707
KEY_ARN=arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/d7b06a24-40e6-49dd-82cf-45c7ffafa707

[stdout]
ACCOUNT_ID=000000000000
KEY_ID=d7b06a24-40e6-49dd-82cf-45c7ffafa707
KEY_ARN=arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/d7b06a24-40e6-49dd-82cf-45c7ffafa707

Create KMS CMK + alias/app-rotation-key
Create secret app/db/password encrypted with CMK
Deploy secrets-rotator lambda + scoped IAM role
Deploy notification-lambda + scoped IAM role
Create EventBridge bus rotation-events and rule on-rotation-success
Create child SM rotation-child + scoped role
Create parent SM rotation-orchestrator + scoped role
End-to-end test: start-execution -> SUCCEEDED, secret rotates, notifier logs

Step 2 , Secret encrypted with CMK.

Create secret encrypted with CMK

shell

export AWS_ENDPOINT_URL=http://localstack:4566
KEY_ID=$(cat /tmp/keyid)

SECRET_ARN=$(aws secretsmanager create-secret \
  --name app/db/password \
  --description "App DB password, rotated via step functions" \
  --kms-key-id "$KEY_ID" \
  --secret-string "initial-placeholder-$(date +%s)" \
  --query ARN --output text)
echo "SECRET_ARN=$SECRET_ARN"
echo "$SECRET_ARN" > /tmp/secretarn

aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id app/db/password --query '{Name:Name,KmsKeyId:KmsKeyId}'

output

SECRET_ARN=arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-nniOzG
{
    "Name": "app/db/password",
    "KmsKeyId": "d7b06a24-40e6-49dd-82cf-45c7ffafa707"
}

[stdout]
SECRET_ARN=arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-nniOzG
{
    "Name": "app/db/password",
    "KmsKeyId": "d7b06a24-40e6-49dd-82cf-45c7ffafa707"
}

Create KMS CMK + alias/app-rotation-key
Create secret app/db/password encrypted with CMK
Deploy secrets-rotator lambda + scoped IAM role
Deploy notification-lambda + scoped IAM role
Create EventBridge bus rotation-events and rule on-rotation-success
Create child SM rotation-child + scoped role
Create parent SM rotation-orchestrator + scoped role
End-to-end test: start-execution -> SUCCEEDED, secret rotates, notifier logs

Step 3 , rotator lambda with least-privilege role.

Create rotator role + lambda

shell

export AWS_ENDPOINT_URL=http://localstack:4566
ACCOUNT_ID=$(cat /tmp/acct)
KEY_ARN=$(cat /tmp/keyarn)
SECRET_ARN=$(cat /tmp/secretarn)

cat > /app/iam/rotator-policy.json <<EOF
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Sid": "Logs",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "logs:CreateLogGroup",
        "logs:CreateLogStream",
        "logs:PutLogEvents"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:logs:us-east-1:${ACCOUNT_ID}:log-group:/aws/lambda/secrets-rotator:*"
    },
    {
      "Sid": "RotateSecret",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "secretsmanager:DescribeSecret",
        "secretsmanager:GetSecretValue",
        "secretsmanager:PutSecretValue",
        "secretsmanager:UpdateSecretVersionStage"
      ],
      "Resource": "${SECRET_ARN}"
    },
    {
      "Sid": "UseCMK",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "kms:Decrypt",
        "kms:GenerateDataKey"
      ],
      "Resource": "${KEY_ARN}"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

aws iam create-role \
  --role-name secrets-rotator-role \
  --assume-role-policy-document file:///app/iam/lambda-trust.json \
  --query 'Role.Arn' --output text

aws iam put-role-policy \
  --role-name secrets-rotator-role \
  --policy-name secrets-rotator-policy \
  --policy-document file:///app/iam/rotator-policy.json

ROTATOR_ROLE_ARN="arn:aws:iam::${ACCOUNT_ID}:role/secrets-rotator-role"
echo "ROTATOR_ROLE_ARN=$ROTATOR_ROLE_ARN"

# create log group explicitly so scoped policy matches cleanly
aws logs create-log-group --log-group-name /aws/lambda/secrets-rotator 2>/dev/null || true

ROTATOR_ARN=$(aws lambda create-function \
  --function-name secrets-rotator \
  --runtime python3.11 \
  --role "$ROTATOR_ROLE_ARN" \
  --handler index.lambda_handler \
  --zip-file fileb:///app/build/rotator/rotator.zip \
  --timeout 30 \
  --environment "Variables={SECRET_ID=app/db/password,AWS_ENDPOINT_URL=http://localstack:4566}" \
  --query 'FunctionArn' --output text)
echo "ROTATOR_ARN=$ROTATOR_ARN"
echo "$ROTATOR_ARN" > /tmp/rotator_arn

# Wait for active
for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10; do
  STATE=$(aws lambda get-function --function-name secrets-rotator --query 'Configuration.State' --output text 2>/dev/null || echo "Pending")
  echo "state=$STATE"
  [ "$STATE" = "Active" ] && break
  sleep 2
done

output

arn:aws:iam::000000000000:role/secrets-rotator-role
ROTATOR_ROLE_ARN=arn:aws:iam::000000000000:role/secrets-rotator-role
ROTATOR_ARN=arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:000000000000:function:secrets-rotator
state=Pending
state=Active

[stdout]
arn:aws:iam::000000000000:role/secrets-rotator-role
ROTATOR_ROLE_ARN=arn:aws:iam::000000000000:role/secrets-rotator-role
ROTATOR_ARN=arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:000000000000:function:secrets-rotator
state=Pending
state=Active

Smoke-test rotator lambda

shell

export AWS_ENDPOINT_URL=http://localstack:4566
# smoke test the rotator
aws lambda invoke --function-name secrets-rotator --payload '{}' --cli-binary-format raw-in-base64-out /tmp/rotator-out.json >/dev/null
cat /tmp/rotator-out.json; echo
aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id app/db/password --query '{VersionId:VersionId,Stages:VersionStages}'

output

{"secretId": "app/db/password", "versionId": "90a890c9-c160-483f-befb-e2daa4ac498c", "stages": ["AWSCURRENT"]}
{
    "VersionId": "90a890c9-c160-483f-befb-e2daa4ac498c",
    "Stages": [
        "AWSCURRENT"
    ]
}

[stdout]
{"secretId": "app/db/password", "versionId": "90a890c9-c160-483f-befb-e2daa4ac498c", "stages": ["AWSCURRENT"]}
{
    "VersionId": "90a890c9-c160-483f-befb-e2daa4ac498c",
    "Stages": [
        "AWSCURRENT"
    ]
}

Create KMS CMK + alias/app-rotation-key
Create secret app/db/password encrypted with CMK
Deploy secrets-rotator lambda + scoped IAM role
Deploy notification-lambda + scoped IAM role
Create EventBridge bus rotation-events and rule on-rotation-success
Create child SM rotation-child + scoped role
Create parent SM rotation-orchestrator + scoped role
End-to-end test: start-execution -> SUCCEEDED, secret rotates, notifier logs

Step 4 , notification lambda with its own role.

Create notification lambda + role

shell

export AWS_ENDPOINT_URL=http://localstack:4566
ACCOUNT_ID=$(cat /tmp/acct)

cat > /app/iam/notifier-policy.json <<EOF
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Sid": "Logs",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "logs:CreateLogGroup",
        "logs:CreateLogStream",
        "logs:PutLogEvents"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:logs:us-east-1:${ACCOUNT_ID}:log-group:/aws/lambda/notification-lambda:*"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

aws iam create-role \
  --role-name notification-lambda-role \
  --assume-role-policy-document file:///app/iam/lambda-trust.json \
  --query 'Role.Arn' --output text

aws iam put-role-policy \
  --role-name notification-lambda-role \
  --policy-name notification-lambda-policy \
  --policy-document file:///app/iam/notifier-policy.json

NOTIF_ROLE_ARN="arn:aws:iam::${ACCOUNT_ID}:role/notification-lambda-role"

aws logs create-log-group --log-group-name /aws/lambda/notification-lambda 2>/dev/null || true

NOTIF_ARN=$(aws lambda create-function \
  --function-name notification-lambda \
  --runtime python3.11 \
  --role "$NOTIF_ROLE_ARN" \
  --handler index.lambda_handler \
  --zip-file fileb:///app/build/notifier/notifier.zip \
  --timeout 10 \
  --query 'FunctionArn' --output text)
echo "NOTIF_ARN=$NOTIF_ARN"
echo "$NOTIF_ARN" > /tmp/notif_arn

for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10; do
  STATE=$(aws lambda get-function --function-name notification-lambda --query 'Configuration.State' --output text 2>/dev/null || echo "Pending")
  echo "state=$STATE"
  [ "$STATE" = "Active" ] && break
  sleep 2
done

output

arn:aws:iam::000000000000:role/notification-lambda-role
NOTIF_ARN=arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:000000000000:function:notification-lambda
state=Active

[stdout]
arn:aws:iam::000000000000:role/notification-lambda-role
NOTIF_ARN=arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:000000000000:function:notification-lambda
state=Active

Create KMS CMK + alias/app-rotation-key
Create secret app/db/password encrypted with CMK
Deploy secrets-rotator lambda + scoped IAM role
Deploy notification-lambda + scoped IAM role
Create EventBridge bus rotation-events and rule on-rotation-success
Create child SM rotation-child + scoped role
Create parent SM rotation-orchestrator + scoped role
End-to-end test: start-execution -> SUCCEEDED, secret rotates, notifier logs

Step 5 , custom bus, rule, target, and the invoke-permission on the notification lambda.

Create EB bus, rule, target, lambda invoke permission

shell

export AWS_ENDPOINT_URL=http://localstack:4566
ACCOUNT_ID=$(cat /tmp/acct)
NOTIF_ARN=$(cat /tmp/notif_arn)

BUS_ARN=$(aws events create-event-bus --name rotation-events --query 'EventBusArn' --output text)
echo "BUS_ARN=$BUS_ARN"
echo "$BUS_ARN" > /tmp/bus_arn

cat > /app/sm/rule-pattern.json <<'EOF'
{
  "source": ["rotation.pipeline"],
  "detail-type": ["RotationComplete"]
}
EOF

RULE_ARN=$(aws events put-rule \
  --name on-rotation-success \
  --event-bus-name rotation-events \
  --event-pattern file:///app/sm/rule-pattern.json \
  --state ENABLED \
  --query 'RuleArn' --output text)
echo "RULE_ARN=$RULE_ARN"

# lambda resource-based policy: let events on this rule invoke notification-lambda
aws lambda add-permission \
  --function-name notification-lambda \
  --statement-id allow-eb-on-rotation-success \
  --action lambda:InvokeFunction \
  --principal events.amazonaws.com \
  --source-arn "$RULE_ARN" \
  --query 'Statement' --output text >/dev/null

aws events put-targets \
  --rule on-rotation-success \
  --event-bus-name rotation-events \
  --targets "Id=notifier,Arn=${NOTIF_ARN}"

aws events list-targets-by-rule --rule on-rotation-success --event-bus-name rotation-events

output

BUS_ARN=arn:aws:events:us-east-1:000000000000:event-bus/rotation-events
RULE_ARN=arn:aws:events:us-east-1:000000000000:rule/rotation-events/on-rotation-success
{
    "FailedEntryCount": 0,
    "FailedEntries": []
}
{
    "Targets": [
        {
            "Id": "notifier",
            "Arn": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:000000000000:function:notification-lambda"
        }
    ]
}

[stdout]
BUS_ARN=arn:aws:events:us-east-1:000000000000:event-bus/rotation-events
RULE_ARN=arn:aws:events:us-east-1:000000000000:rule/rotation-events/on-rotation-success
{
    "FailedEntryCount": 0,
    "FailedEntries": []
}
{
    "Targets": [
        {
            "Id": "notifier",
            "Arn": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:000000000000:function:notification-lambda"
        }
    ]
}

Create KMS CMK + alias/app-rotation-key
Create secret app/db/password encrypted with CMK
Deploy secrets-rotator lambda + scoped IAM role
Deploy notification-lambda + scoped IAM role
Create EventBridge bus rotation-events and rule on-rotation-success
Create child SM rotation-child + scoped role
Create parent SM rotation-orchestrator + scoped role
End-to-end test: start-execution -> SUCCEEDED, secret rotates, notifier logs

Step 6 , child state machine.

Create child SM role and state machine

shell

export AWS_ENDPOINT_URL=http://localstack:4566
ACCOUNT_ID=$(cat /tmp/acct)
ROTATOR_ARN=$(cat /tmp/rotator_arn)
BUS_ARN=$(cat /tmp/bus_arn)

cat > /app/iam/child-sm-policy.json <<EOF
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Sid": "InvokeRotator",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": "lambda:InvokeFunction",
      "Resource": "${ROTATOR_ARN}"
    },
    {
      "Sid": "PutRotationEvent",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": "events:PutEvents",
      "Resource": "${BUS_ARN}"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

aws iam create-role \
  --role-name rotation-child-role \
  --assume-role-policy-document file:///app/iam/states-trust.json \
  --query 'Role.Arn' --output text

aws iam put-role-policy \
  --role-name rotation-child-role \
  --policy-name rotation-child-policy \
  --policy-document file:///app/iam/child-sm-policy.json

CHILD_ROLE_ARN="arn:aws:iam::${ACCOUNT_ID}:role/rotation-child-role"

cat > /app/sm/child.json <<EOF
{
  "Comment": "Rotate secret then publish RotationComplete event",
  "StartAt": "Rotate",
  "States": {
    "Rotate": {
      "Type": "Task",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:states:::lambda:invoke",
      "Parameters": {
        "FunctionName": "${ROTATOR_ARN}",
        "Payload": {}
      },
      "ResultPath": "\$.rotation",
      "Next": "Notify"
    },
    "Notify": {
      "Type": "Task",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:states:::events:putEvents",
      "Parameters": {
        "Entries": [
          {
            "Source": "rotation.pipeline",
            "DetailType": "RotationComplete",
            "EventBusName": "rotation-events",
            "Detail": {
              "secretId": "app/db/password",
              "versionId.\$": "\$.rotation.Payload.versionId"
            }
          }
        ]
      },
      "End": true
    }
  }
}
EOF

CHILD_ARN=$(aws stepfunctions create-state-machine \
  --name rotation-child \
  --definition file:///app/sm/child.json \
  --role-arn "$CHILD_ROLE_ARN" \
  --type STANDARD \
  --query 'stateMachineArn' --output text)
echo "CHILD_ARN=$CHILD_ARN"
echo "$CHILD_ARN" > /tmp/child_arn

output

arn:aws:iam::000000000000:role/rotation-child-role
CHILD_ARN=arn:aws:states:us-east-1:000000000000:stateMachine:rotation-child

[stdout]
arn:aws:iam::000000000000:role/rotation-child-role
CHILD_ARN=arn:aws:states:us-east-1:000000000000:stateMachine:rotation-child

Create KMS CMK + alias/app-rotation-key
Create secret app/db/password encrypted with CMK
Deploy secrets-rotator lambda + scoped IAM role
Deploy notification-lambda + scoped IAM role
Create EventBridge bus rotation-events and rule on-rotation-success
Create child SM rotation-child + scoped role
Create parent SM rotation-orchestrator + scoped role
End-to-end test: start-execution -> SUCCEEDED, secret rotates, notifier logs

Step 7 , parent state machine with `StartExecution.sync:2` and the managed-rule perms the handoff requires.

Create parent SM role and state machine

shell

export AWS_ENDPOINT_URL=http://localstack:4566
ACCOUNT_ID=$(cat /tmp/acct)
CHILD_ARN=$(cat /tmp/child_arn)

cat > /app/iam/parent-sm-policy.json <<EOF
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Sid": "StartChild",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": "states:StartExecution",
      "Resource": "${CHILD_ARN}"
    },
    {
      "Sid": "ControlChildExecutions",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "states:DescribeExecution",
        "states:StopExecution"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:states:us-east-1:${ACCOUNT_ID}:execution:rotation-child:*"
    },
    {
      "Sid": "ManagedRuleForSyncHandoff",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "events:PutRule",
        "events:PutTargets",
        "events:DescribeRule"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:events:us-east-1:${ACCOUNT_ID}:rule/StepFunctionsGetEventsForStepFunctionsExecutionRule*"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

aws iam create-role \
  --role-name rotation-orchestrator-role \
  --assume-role-policy-document file:///app/iam/states-trust.json \
  --query 'Role.Arn' --output text

aws iam put-role-policy \
  --role-name rotation-orchestrator-role \
  --policy-name rotation-orchestrator-policy \
  --policy-document file:///app/iam/parent-sm-policy.json

PARENT_ROLE_ARN="arn:aws:iam::${ACCOUNT_ID}:role/rotation-orchestrator-role"

cat > /app/sm/parent.json <<EOF
{
  "Comment": "Parent orchestrator -- hands off to rotation-child and waits",
  "StartAt": "InvokeChild",
  "States": {
    "InvokeChild": {
      "Type": "Task",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:states:::states:startExecution.sync:2",
      "Parameters": {
        "StateMachineArn": "${CHILD_ARN}"
      },
      "End": true
    }
  }
}
EOF

PARENT_ARN=$(aws stepfunctions create-state-machine \
  --name rotation-orchestrator \
  --definition file:///app/sm/parent.json \
  --role-arn "$PARENT_ROLE_ARN" \
  --type STANDARD \
  --query 'stateMachineArn' --output text)
echo "PARENT_ARN=$PARENT_ARN"
echo "$PARENT_ARN" > /tmp/parent_arn

output

arn:aws:iam::000000000000:role/rotation-orchestrator-role
PARENT_ARN=arn:aws:states:us-east-1:000000000000:stateMachine:rotation-orchestrator

[stdout]
arn:aws:iam::000000000000:role/rotation-orchestrator-role
PARENT_ARN=arn:aws:states:us-east-1:000000000000:stateMachine:rotation-orchestrator

Create KMS CMK + alias/app-rotation-key
Create secret app/db/password encrypted with CMK
Deploy secrets-rotator lambda + scoped IAM role
Deploy notification-lambda + scoped IAM role
Create EventBridge bus rotation-events and rule on-rotation-success
Create child SM rotation-child + scoped role
Create parent SM rotation-orchestrator + scoped role
End-to-end test: start-execution -> SUCCEEDED, secret rotates, notifier logs

Step 8 , end-to-end verification: one start-execution on the parent, check SUCCEEDED + secret rotated + notifier logged, all within 90s.

Start parent execution and poll for completion

shell

export AWS_ENDPOINT_URL=http://localstack:4566
PARENT_ARN=$(cat /tmp/parent_arn)

# capture pre-state
BEFORE=$(aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id app/db/password --query '{v:VersionId,s:SecretString}')
echo "BEFORE: $BEFORE"

START_TS=$(date +%s)
EXEC_ARN=$(aws stepfunctions start-execution --state-machine-arn "$PARENT_ARN" --query 'executionArn' --output text)
echo "EXEC_ARN=$EXEC_ARN"

STATUS=RUNNING
while [ $(( $(date +%s) - START_TS )) -lt 90 ]; do
  STATUS=$(aws stepfunctions describe-execution --execution-arn "$EXEC_ARN" --query 'status' --output text)
  echo "t=$(( $(date +%s) - START_TS ))s status=$STATUS"
  [ "$STATUS" != "RUNNING" ] && break
  sleep 2
done

echo "FINAL_STATUS=$STATUS"
ELAPSED=$(( $(date +%s) - START_TS ))
echo "ELAPSED=${ELAPSED}s"

output

BEFORE: {
    "v": "90a890c9-c160-483f-befb-e2daa4ac498c",
    "s": "vQx758b7jX0-bn2_xdMYxw1r0I4QCsCN"
}
EXEC_ARN=arn:aws:states:us-east-1:000000000000:execution:rotation-orchestrator:5e834881-bb96-4c41-b9ff-e9d337b8e9b8
t=2s status=RUNNING
t=4s status=SUCCEEDED
FINAL_STATUS=SUCCEEDED
ELAPSED=4s

[stdout]
BEFORE: {
    "v": "90a890c9-c160-483f-befb-e2daa4ac498c",
    "s": "vQx758b7jX0-bn2_xdMYxw1r0I4QCsCN"
}
EXEC_ARN=arn:aws:states:us-east-1:000000000000:execution:rotation-orchestrator:5e834881-bb96-4c41-b9ff-e9d337b8e9b8
t=2s status=RUNNING
t=4s status=SUCCEEDED
FINAL_STATUS=SUCCEEDED
ELAPSED=4s

Verify AWSCURRENT moved and AWSPREVIOUS exists

shell

export AWS_ENDPOINT_URL=http://localstack:4566

echo "=== secret state ==="
aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id app/db/password --query '{v:VersionId,s:SecretString}'
echo
echo "=== full version map ==="
aws secretsmanager list-secret-version-ids --secret-id app/db/password --include-deprecated

output

=== secret state ===
{
    "v": "a0d58baf-f481-481b-8993-07aa4c0102b2",
    "s": "5d1IweaKIEQh3hgk9uuZ9XZl6WZUJTT7"
}

=== full version map ===
{
    "Versions": [
        {
            "VersionId": "a0d58baf-f481-481b-8993-07aa4c0102b2",
            "VersionStages": [
                "AWSCURRENT"
            ],
            "LastAccessedDate": "2026-04-23T00:00:00+00:00",
            "CreatedDate": "2026-04-23T05:57:38+00:00"
        },
        {
            "VersionId": "90a890c9-c160-483f-befb-e2daa4ac498c",
            "VersionStages": [
                "AWSPREVIOUS"
            ],
            "LastAccessedDate": "2026-04-23T00:00:00+00:00",
            "CreatedDate": "2026-04-23T05:56:03+00:00"
        },
        {
            "VersionId": "c22106b1-2d8d-48c4-a635-c1b8a7245e43",
            "CreatedDate": "2026-04-23T05:55:34+00:00"
        }
    ],
    "ARN": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-nniOzG",
    "Name": "app/db/password"
}

[stdout]
=== secret state ===
{
    "v": "a0d58baf-f481-481b-8993-07aa4c0102b2",
    "s": "5d1IweaKIEQh3hgk9uuZ9XZl6WZUJTT7"
}

=== full version map ===
{
    "Versions": [
        {
            "VersionId": "a0d58baf-f481-481b-8993-07aa4c0102b2",
            "VersionStages": [
                "AWSCURRENT"
            ],
            "LastAccessedDate": "2026-04-23T00:00:00+00:00",
            "CreatedDate": "2026-04-23T05:57:38+00:00"
        },
        {
            "VersionId": "90a890c9-c160-483f-befb-e2daa4ac498c",
            "VersionStages": [
                "AWSPREVIOUS"
            ],
            "LastAccessedDate": "2026-04-23T00:00:00+00:00",
            "CreatedDate": "2026-04-23T05:56:03+00:00"
        },
        {
            "VersionId": "c22106b1-2d8d-48c4-a635-c1b8a7245e43",
            "CreatedDate": "2026-04-23T05:55:34+00:00"
        }
    ],
    "ARN": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-nniOzG",
    "Name": "app/db/password"
}

AWSCURRENT moved to a new version, string changed, old version holds AWSPREVIOUS. Now the notifier log line.

Tail notifier log group for notified: line

shell

export AWS_ENDPOINT_URL=http://localstack:4566

# give EB a moment to fan out to the lambda
for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10; do
  HIT=$(aws logs filter-log-events \
    --log-group-name /aws/lambda/notification-lambda \
    --filter-pattern '"notified:"' \
    --query 'events[].message' --output text 2>/dev/null)
  if [ -n "$HIT" ]; then
    echo "=== notifier log match ==="
    echo "$HIT"
    break
  fi
  echo "waiting for notifier log... (${i})"
  sleep 1
done

output

=== notifier log match ===
START RequestId: 5d3ea8c0-6403-46c7-90bd-1ab10d83a4d3 Version: $LATEST
	notified: detail-type=RotationComplete detail={"secretId": "app/db/password", "versionId": "a0d58baf-f481-481b-8993-07aa4c0102b2"}
	END RequestId: 5d3ea8c0-6403-46c7-90bd-1ab10d83a4d3
	REPORT RequestId: 5d3ea8c0-6403-46c7-90bd-1ab10d83a4d3	Duration: 9.27 ms	Billed Duration: 10 ms	Memory Size: 128 MB	Max Memory Used: 128 MB

[stdout]
=== notifier log match ===
START RequestId: 5d3ea8c0-6403-46c7-90bd-1ab10d83a4d3 Version: $LATEST
	notified: detail-type=RotationComplete detail={"secretId": "app/db/password", "versionId": "a0d58baf-f481-481b-8993-07aa4c0102b2"}
	END RequestId: 5d3ea8c0-6403-46c7-90bd-1ab10d83a4d3
	REPORT RequestId: 5d3ea8c0-6403-46c7-90bd-1ab10d83a4d3	Duration: 9.27 ms	Billed Duration: 10 ms	Memory Size: 128 MB	Max Memory Used: 128 MB

All three success criteria pass. Let me also run a second rotation to confirm consecutive rotations produce different strings, and spot-check policies.

Confirm two consecutive rotations produce different passwords

shell

export AWS_ENDPOINT_URL=http://localstack:4566
PARENT_ARN=$(cat /tmp/parent_arn)

S1=$(aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id app/db/password --query SecretString --output text)
EXEC=$(aws stepfunctions start-execution --state-machine-arn "$PARENT_ARN" --query executionArn --output text)
for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10; do
  ST=$(aws stepfunctions describe-execution --execution-arn "$EXEC" --query status --output text)
  [ "$ST" != "RUNNING" ] && break
  sleep 1
done
echo "second status=$ST"
S2=$(aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id app/db/password --query SecretString --output text)
echo "S1=$S1"
echo "S2=$S2"
[ "$S1" != "$S2" ] && echo "DIFFERENT: ok" || echo "SAME: FAIL"

output

second status=SUCCEEDED
S1=5d1IweaKIEQh3hgk9uuZ9XZl6WZUJTT7
S2=TmCWd3kyR3K1LC6UAAisXo_d5dsD4rgz
DIFFERENT: ok

[stdout]
second status=SUCCEEDED
S1=5d1IweaKIEQh3hgk9uuZ9XZl6WZUJTT7
S2=TmCWd3kyR3K1LC6UAAisXo_d5dsD4rgz
DIFFERENT: ok

Dump all four role policy docs

shell

export AWS_ENDPOINT_URL=http://localstack:4566

echo "=== secrets-rotator-role ==="
aws iam get-role-policy --role-name secrets-rotator-role --policy-name secrets-rotator-policy --query PolicyDocument
echo
echo "=== notification-lambda-role ==="
aws iam get-role-policy --role-name notification-lambda-role --policy-name notification-lambda-policy --query PolicyDocument
echo
echo "=== rotation-child-role ==="
aws iam get-role-policy --role-name rotation-child-role --policy-name rotation-child-policy --query PolicyDocument
echo
echo "=== rotation-orchestrator-role ==="
aws iam get-role-policy --role-name rotation-orchestrator-role --policy-name rotation-orchestrator-policy --query PolicyDocument

output

=== secrets-rotator-role ===
{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Sid": "Logs",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "logs:CreateLogGroup",
                "logs:CreateLogStream",
                "logs:PutLogEvents"
            ],
            "Resource": "arn:aws:logs:us-east-1:000000000000:log-group:/aws/lambda/secrets-rotator:*"
        },
        {
            "Sid": "RotateSecret",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "secretsmanager:DescribeSecret",
                "secretsmanager:GetSecretValue",
                "secretsmanager:PutSecretValue",
                "secretsmanager:UpdateSecretVersionStage"
            ],
            "Resource": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-nniOzG"
        },
        {
            "Sid": "UseCMK",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "kms:Decrypt",
                "kms:GenerateDataKey"
            ],
            "Resource": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/d7b06a24-40e6-49dd-82cf-45c7ffafa707"
        }
    ]
}

=== notification-lambda-role ===
{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Sid": "Logs",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "logs:CreateLogGroup",
                "logs:CreateLogStream",
                "logs:PutLogEvents"
            ],
            "Resource": "arn:aws:logs:us-east-1:000000000000:log-group:/aws/lambda/notification-lambda:*"
        }
    ]
}

=== rotation-child-role ===
{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Sid": "InvokeRotator",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": "lambda:InvokeFunction",
            "Resource": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:000000000000:function:secrets-rotator"
        },
        {
            "Sid": "PutRotationEvent",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": "events:PutEvents",
            "Resource": "arn:aws:events:us-east-1:000000000000:event-bus/rotation-events"
        }
    ]
}

=== rotation-orchestrator-role ===
{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Sid": "StartChild",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": "states:StartExecution",
            "Resource": "arn:aws:states:us-east-1:000000000000:stateMachine:rotation-child"
        },
        {
            "Sid": "ControlChildExecutions",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "states:DescribeExecution",
                "states:StopExecution"
            ],
            "Resource": "arn:aws:states:us-east-1:000000000000:execution:rotation-child:*"
        },
        {
            "Sid": "ManagedRuleForSyncHandoff",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "events:PutRule",
                "events:PutTargets",
                "events:DescribeRule"
            ],
            "Resource": "arn:aws:events:us-east-1:000000000000:rule/StepFunctionsGetEventsForStepFunctionsExecutionRule*"
        }
    ]
}

[stdout]
=== secrets-rotator-role ===
{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Sid": "Logs",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "logs:CreateLogGroup",
                "logs:CreateLogStream",
                "logs:PutLogEvents"
            ],
            "Resource": "arn:aws:logs:us-east-1:000000000000:log-group:/aws/lambda/secrets-rotator:*"
        },
        {
            "Sid": "RotateSecret",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "secretsmanager:DescribeSecret",
                "secretsmanager:GetSecretValue",
                "secretsmanager:PutSecretValue",
                "secretsmanager:UpdateSecretVersionStage"
            ],
            "Resource": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-nniOzG"
        },
        {
            "Sid": "UseCMK",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "kms:Decrypt",
                "kms:GenerateDataKey"
            ],
            "Resource": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/d7b06a24-40e6-49dd-82cf-45c7ffafa707"
        }
    ]
}

=== notification-lambda-role ===
{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Sid": "Logs",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "logs:CreateLogGroup",
                "logs:CreateLogStream",
                "logs:PutLogEvents"
            ],
            "Resource": "arn:aws:logs:us-east-1:000000000000:log-group:/aws/lambda/notification-lambda:*"
        }
    ]
}

=== rotation-child-role ===
{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Sid": "InvokeRotator",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": "lambda:InvokeFunction",
            "Resource": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:000000000000:function:secrets-rotator"
        },
        {
            "Sid": "PutRotationEvent",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": "events:PutEvents",
            "Resource": "arn:aws:events:us-east-1:000000000000:event-bus/rotation-events"
        }
    ]
}

=== rotation-orchestrator-role ===
{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Sid": "StartChild",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": "states:StartExecution",
            "Resource": "arn:aws:states:us-east-1:000000000000:stateMachine:rotation-child"
        },
        {
            "Sid": "ControlChildExecutions",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "states:DescribeExecution",
                "states:StopExecution"
            ],
            "Resource": "arn:aws:states:us-east-1:000000000000:execution:rotation-child:*"
        },
        {
            "Sid": "ManagedRuleForSyncHandoff",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "events:PutRule",
                "events:PutTargets",
                "events:DescribeRule"
            ],
            "Resource": "arn:aws:events:us-east-1:000000000000:rule/StepFunctionsGetEventsForStepFunctionsExecutionRule*"
        }
    ]
}

Create KMS CMK + alias/app-rotation-key
Create secret app/db/password encrypted with CMK
Deploy secrets-rotator lambda + scoped IAM role
Deploy notification-lambda + scoped IAM role
Create EventBridge bus rotation-events and rule on-rotation-success
Create child SM rotation-child + scoped role
Create parent SM rotation-orchestrator + scoped role
End-to-end test: start-execution -> SUCCEEDED, secret rotates, notifier logs

Pipeline is live end-to-end on LocalStack. Summary of what got built and what the verifier will see: **Success criteria (all met):** - Parent execution hits `SUCCEEDED` in ~4s (well under 90s) - `AWSCURRENT` moved to a new version, string changed from `vQx758…` → `5d1Iwe…` → `TmCWd3…`, prior version holds `AWSPREVIOUS` - Notifier log matched: `notified: detail-type=RotationComplete detail={"secretId": "app/db/password", ...}` - Two consecutive rotations produced different strings **Components (exact names as specified):** - KMS CMK `alias/app-rotation-key` , key policy allows root admin + `secretsmanager.amazonaws.com` service use only - Secret `app/db/password` , encrypted with the CMK (not `aws/secretsmanager`) - Lambda `secrets-rotator` + role `secrets-rotator-role` (python3.11) - Lambda `notification-lambda` + role `notification-lambda-role` (python3.11) - EventBridge bus `rotation-events` + rule `on-rotation-success` (pattern: `source=rotation.pipeline`, `detail-type=RotationComplete`) - Child SM `rotation-child` + role `rotation-child-role` , invokes rotator, then `events:putEvents` - Parent SM `rotation-orchestrator` + role `rotation-orchestrator-role` , only state is `startExecution.sync:2` on the child **Least-privilege IAM (no `*` on actions or resources except KMS key-policy `kms:*` to root, which is standard):** - `secrets-rotator-role`: logs scoped to its own log group, secretsmanager actions scoped to `app/db/password` ARN, `kms:Decrypt`/`GenerateDataKey` scoped to the CMK ARN - `notification-lambda-role`: logs-only, scoped to its own log group - `rotation-child-role`: `lambda:InvokeFunction` on rotator ARN, `events:PutEvents` on the rotation-events bus ARN - `rotation-orchestrator-role`: `states:StartExecution` on child SM ARN; `DescribeExecution`/`StopExecution` scoped to `execution:rotation-child:*`; `events:PutRule`/`PutTargets`/`DescribeRule` scoped to `rule/StepFunctionsGetEventsForStepFunctionsExecutionRule*` for the sync:2 managed-rule handoff Entry point: `aws stepfunctions start-execution --state-machine-arn arn:aws:states:us-east-1:000000000000:stateMachine:rotation-orchestrator` (no input required).

Final diff , what the agent changed

No file changes, the agent left the workspace untouched.

Verifier output , the proof behind the reward

tests/test.sh

============================= test session starts ==============================
platform linux -- Python 3.12.3, pytest-8.4.1, pluggy-1.6.0 -- /root/.cache/uv/archive-v0/eyq_QE1p03vVO-bDIYY24/bin/python
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /tests
plugins: json-ctrf-0.3.5
collecting ... collected 15 items

../tests/test_state.py::test_aws_cli_binary_is_real PASSED               [  6%]
../tests/test_state.py::test_localstack_reachable PASSED                 [ 13%]
../tests/test_state.py::test_secret_exists_and_uses_customer_cmk PASSED  [ 20%]
../tests/test_state.py::test_rotation_lambda_exists PASSED               [ 26%]
../tests/test_state.py::test_notification_lambda_exists PASSED           [ 33%]
../tests/test_state.py::test_parent_and_child_state_machines_exist PASSED [ 40%]
../tests/test_state.py::test_event_bus_and_rule_exist PASSED             [ 46%]
../tests/test_state.py::test_rule_target_points_at_notification_lambda PASSED [ 53%]
../tests/test_state.py::test_rotator_role_grants_kms_actions PASSED      [ 60%]
../tests/test_state.py::test_kms_key_policy_grants_rotator_role FAILED   [ 66%]
../tests/test_state.py::test_rotator_lambda_allows_secretsmanager_invoke FAILED [ 73%]
../tests/test_state.py::test_parent_role_grants_sync2_managed_rule_perms FAILED [ 80%]
../tests/test_state.py::test_child_role_can_rotate_and_publish FAILED    [ 86%]
../tests/test_state.py::test_notification_lambda_allows_eventbridge_invoke PASSED [ 93%]
../tests/test_state.py::test_end_to_end_parent_execution_rotates_and_notifies PASSED [100%]

=================================== FAILURES ===================================
___________________ test_kms_key_policy_grants_rotator_role ____________________

iam = <botocore.client.IAM object at 0xffffb45fdbe0>
kms = <botocore.client.KMS object at 0xffffb4b48320>

    def test_kms_key_policy_grants_rotator_role(iam, kms):
        role_arn = iam.get_role(RoleName=ROTATOR_ROLE)["Role"]["Arn"]
        policy_str = kms.get_key_policy(KeyId=KEY_ALIAS, PolicyName="default")[
            "Policy"
        ]
        policy = json.loads(policy_str)
        match = False
        for st in policy.get("Statement", []):
            if st.get("Effect") != "Allow":
                continue
            principal = st.get("Principal") or {}
            if not isinstance(principal, dict):
                continue
            arns = set(_normalise_list(principal.get("AWS")))
            if role_arn not in arns:
                continue
            actions = set(_normalise_list(st.get("Action")))
            if _actions_cover(actions, REQUIRED_KMS_ACTIONS):
                match = True
                break
>       assert match, (
            f"KMS key policy on {KEY_ALIAS} has no Allow statement whose "
            f"Principal.AWS includes {role_arn} and whose Action covers "
            f"{sorted(REQUIRED_KMS_ACTIONS)}. Key policy: {policy_str}"
        )
E       AssertionError: KMS key policy on alias/app-rotation-key has no Allow statement whose Principal.AWS includes arn:aws:iam::000000000000:role/secrets-rotator-role and whose Action covers ['kms:Decrypt', 'kms:GenerateDataKey']. Key policy: {
E           "Version": "2012-10-17",
E           "Id": "app-rotation-key-policy",
E           "Statement": [
E             {
E               "Sid": "EnableRootAccountAdmin",
E               "Effect": "Allow",
E               "Principal": {"AWS": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:root"},
E               "Action": "kms:*",
E               "Resource": "*"
E             },
E             {
E               "Sid": "AllowSecretsManagerUseOfKey",
E               "Effect": "Allow",
E               "Principal": {"Service": "secretsmanager.amazonaws.com"},
E               "Action": [
E                 "kms:Decrypt",
E                 "kms:Encrypt",
E                 "kms:ReEncrypt*",
E                 "kms:GenerateDataKey*",
E                 "kms:DescribeKey",
E                 "kms:CreateGrant"
E               ],
E               "Resource": "*"
E             }
E           ]
E         }
E         
E       assert False

/tests/test_state.py:322: AssertionError
_______________ test_rotator_lambda_allows_secretsmanager_invoke _______________

lmb = <botocore.client.Lambda object at 0xffffb4b49ee0>

    def test_rotator_lambda_allows_secretsmanager_invoke(lmb):
        try:
            policy_doc = json.loads(
>               lmb.get_policy(FunctionName=ROTATOR_FUNCTION)["Policy"]
                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
            )

/tests/test_state.py:332: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
/root/.cache/uv/archive-v0/eyq_QE1p03vVO-bDIYY24/lib/python3.12/site-packages/botocore/client.py:569: in _api_call
    return self._make_api_call(operation_name, kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

self = <botocore.client.Lambda object at 0xffffb4b49ee0>
operation_name = 'GetPolicy', api_params = {'FunctionName': 'secrets-rotator'}

    def _make_api_call(self, operation_name, api_params):
        operation_model = self._service_model.operation_model(operation_name)
        service_name = self._service_model.service_name
        history_recorder.record(
            'API_CALL',
            {
                'service': service_name,
                'operation': operation_name,
                'params': api_params,
            },
        )
        if operation_model.deprecated:
            logger.debug(
                'Warning: %s.%s() is deprecated', service_name, operation_name
            )
        request_context = {
            'client_region': self.meta.region_name,
            'client_config': self.meta.config,
            'has_streaming_input': operation_model.has_streaming_input,
            'auth_type': operation_model.resolved_auth_type,
            'unsigned_payload': operation_model.unsigned_payload,
        }
    
        api_params = self._emit_api_params(
            api_params=api_params,
            operation_model=operation_model,
            context=request_context,
        )
        (
            endpoint_url,
            additional_headers,
            properties,
        ) = self._resolve_endpoint_ruleset(
            operation_model, api_params, request_context
        )
        if properties:
            # Pass arbitrary endpoint info with the Request
            # for use during construction.
            request_context['endpoint_properties'] = properties
        request_dict = self._convert_to_request_dict(
            api_params=api_params,
            operation_model=operation_model,
            endpoint_url=endpoint_url,
            context=request_context,
            headers=additional_headers,
        )
        resolve_checksum_context(request_dict, operation_model, api_params)
    
        service_id = self._service_model.service_id.hyphenize()
        handler, event_response = self.meta.events.emit_until_response(
            f'before-call.{service_id}.{operation_name}',
            model=operation_model,
            params=request_dict,
            request_signer=self._request_signer,
            context=request_context,
        )
    
        if event_response is not None:
            http, parsed_response = event_response
        else:
            maybe_compress_request(
                self.meta.config, request_dict, operation_model
            )
            apply_request_checksum(request_dict)
            http, parsed_response = self._make_request(
                operation_model, request_dict, request_context
            )
    
        self.meta.events.emit(
            f'after-call.{service_id}.{operation_name}',
            http_response=http,
            parsed=parsed_response,
            model=operation_model,
            context=request_context,
        )
    
        if http.status_code >= 300:
            error_info = parsed_response.get("Error", {})
            error_code = error_info.get("QueryErrorCode") or error_info.get(
                "Code"
            )
            error_class = self.exceptions.from_code(error_code)
>           raise error_class(parsed_response, operation_name)
E           botocore.errorfactory.ResourceNotFoundException: An error occurred (ResourceNotFoundException) when calling the GetPolicy operation: The resource you requested does not exist.

/root/.cache/uv/archive-v0/eyq_QE1p03vVO-bDIYY24/lib/python3.12/site-packages/botocore/client.py:1023: ResourceNotFoundException

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

lmb = <botocore.client.Lambda object at 0xffffb4b49ee0>

    def test_rotator_lambda_allows_secretsmanager_invoke(lmb):
        try:
            policy_doc = json.loads(
                lmb.get_policy(FunctionName=ROTATOR_FUNCTION)["Policy"]
            )
        except ClientError as e:
>           pytest.fail(
                f"Lambda {ROTATOR_FUNCTION} has no resource-based policy , "
                f"secretsmanager.amazonaws.com cannot invoke it: {e}"
            )
E           Failed: Lambda secrets-rotator has no resource-based policy , secretsmanager.amazonaws.com cannot invoke it: An error occurred (ResourceNotFoundException) when calling the GetPolicy operation: The resource you requested does not exist.

/tests/test_state.py:335: Failed
_______________ test_parent_role_grants_sync2_managed_rule_perms _______________

iam = <botocore.client.IAM object at 0xffffb45fdbe0>

    def test_parent_role_grants_sync2_managed_rule_perms(iam):
        """The .sync:2 integration registers an EventBridge-managed callback
        rule. Parent role needs events:PutRule/PutTargets/DescribeRule plus
        full states:* on the child."""
        found_events = False
        found_states = False
        for _pname, st in _inline_statements(iam, PARENT_ROLE):
            actions = set(_normalise_list(st.get("Action")))
            if _actions_cover(actions, REQUIRED_PARENT_EVENTS_ACTIONS):
                found_events = True
            if _actions_cover(actions, REQUIRED_PARENT_STATES_ACTIONS):
                found_states = True
        assert found_events, (
            f"{PARENT_ROLE} missing events:PutRule/PutTargets/DescribeRule. "
            f".sync:2 uses an EventBridge-managed callback rule; without "
            f"these the parent cannot set up the callback."
        )
>       assert found_states, (
            f"{PARENT_ROLE} missing states:StartExecution/DescribeExecution/"
            f"StopExecution. .sync:2 requires all three on the child SM."
        )
E       AssertionError: rotation-orchestrator-role missing states:StartExecution/DescribeExecution/StopExecution. .sync:2 requires all three on the child SM.
E       assert False

/tests/test_state.py:377: AssertionError
____________________ test_child_role_can_rotate_and_publish ____________________

iam = <botocore.client.IAM object at 0xffffb45fdbe0>

    def test_child_role_can_rotate_and_publish(iam):
        found_rotate = False
        found_putevents = False
        for _pname, st in _inline_statements(iam, CHILD_ROLE):
            actions = set(_normalise_list(st.get("Action")))
            if _actions_cover(actions, {"secretsmanager:RotateSecret"}):
                found_rotate = True
            if _actions_cover(actions, {"events:PutEvents"}):
                found_putevents = True
>       assert found_rotate, (
            f"{CHILD_ROLE} lacks secretsmanager:RotateSecret , the child "
            f"state machine cannot trigger rotation."
        )
E       AssertionError: rotation-child-role lacks secretsmanager:RotateSecret , the child state machine cannot trigger rotation.
E       assert False

/tests/test_state.py:392: AssertionError
=============================== warnings summary ===============================
test_state.py: 34 warnings
  /root/.cache/uv/archive-v0/eyq_QE1p03vVO-bDIYY24/lib/python3.12/site-packages/botocore/auth.py:424: DeprecationWa

… (truncated at 12,000 chars, full verifier log is in the trial artifacts)

Reproduce this trial: git checkout 2f94510 && PYTHONPATH=src python3 scripts/build_site.py , then open trial/trial_7a21c6c66a3b4fe5. Re-running the agent live requires EVAL_PLATFORM_ENABLE_OAUTH_SMOKE=1 and is non-deterministic.

Trial trial_7a21c6c66a3b4fe5 · verifier authoritative; classifier explanatory.