SyncVals · Trajectory

iam-permissions-boundary-ceiling

claude-code claude-opus-4-7 ✗ failed GOOD_FAILURE ↑ View task

Solved from the instruction alone, tests/ and solution/ were withheld from the agent's workspace and restored only for grading.

Reward = tests/test.sh exit code (0 → resolved); the classification below is post-hoc and cannot change it.

Classification , post-hoc; cannot change the reward

GOOD_FAILUREHonest miss, the agent ran correctly but couldn't solve it. Expected for a hard task; the task is sound.

SubtypeTimeout

EvidenceAgent trajectory ends at step 32 with 'Credit balance is too low' before executing any fixes. Agent correctly diagnosed all five major IAM misconfigurations: (1) SSM pointer points to wrong policy name, (2) boundary not attached to user, (3) identity policy has explicit Deny violating spec, (4) boundary has Deny statements and NotResource violating spec, (5) boundary grants kms:* wildcard and uses capital-C prefix. Agent created fix JSON files but never executed AWS CLI commands to update policies or attach boundary. Test failures are legitimate: test_05/test_26 verify SSM/policy name mismatch, test_03 verifies boundary attachment, test_07/test_09 verify no-Deny requirements, test_10 verifies no-NotResource, test_11/test_25 verify lowercase prefix, test_14 verifies no-wildcard kms, test_24 verifies bucket-scoped resources.

Root causeThe agent was cut off by token/execution limits (indicated by 'Credit balance is too low' at step 32) before completing the fix implementation, despite correctly diagnosing all misconfigurations and preparing the correct policy documents.

RecommendationN/A - task is fine

Trajectory

Tool-by-tool agent trajectory

32 tool calls · 3 tool types · 32 steps

a teammate left mid-setup and the analyst access design isn't working: the analyst is supposed to be capped by a permissions boundary so they can only read/write objects under the `confidential/` prefix of one specific bucket (`vault-bucket`) using one specific customer-managed kms key (`alias/vault-kms`). nothing else , not the `public/` prefix, not other buckets, not creating new kms keys, not escalating their own iam. the pieces exist (the iam user `analyst-user`, the two managed policies `AnalystIdentityPolicy` and `AnalystBoundary`, the bucket, the cmk, the access keys for the analyst, ssm pointers); something is off. diagnose and fix it **in place** (recreating an individual managed policy by deleting and re-creating under the same name is fine when its document can't be edited in place; replacing the user is fine when an attribute set at create time can't be changed in place , keep the same names, and update ssm pointers to match if you do). a manifest of every resource (arns, names, the analyst's access keys) is published under ssm at `/harbor/boundary/*`; read it instead of guessing. the environment is reachable at `$AWS_ENDPOINT_URL` (`ENFORCE_IAM=1`, account `000000000000`, region `us-east-1`). "fixed" is judged end-to-end and in shape. signing real requests with the analyst's own access keys (exported via the ssm manifest), under `ENFORCE_IAM=1`, the runtime evaluates identity ∩ boundary and the behaviour must be: - `s3:PutObject` and `s3:GetObject` under `arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/confidential/<anything>` succeed - `s3:PutObject` under `arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/<anything>` is `AccessDenied` - `s3:PutObject` on any bucket other than `vault-bucket` is `AccessDenied` - `kms:CreateKey` is `AccessDenied` - a `kms:Decrypt`/`kms:GenerateDataKey` call against the vault cmk on behalf of the analyst succeeds (so that confidential objects encrypted with that cmk can actually be read by the analyst) `iam:GetUser` on `analyst-user` has to return a `PermissionsBoundary.PermissionsBoundaryArn` pointing at the `AnalystBoundary` managed policy , that's the only signal the auditor uses to confirm the boundary is wired up. and the boundary's *active* document (its default version , managed policies can have several versions but only one is in force) has to actually shape the runtime behaviour above. a permissions boundary is a **ceiling**, not a deny list, and it's not the same as an SCP. work out the shape from behaviour: anything you'd write into the boundary that doesn't translate into the runtime answers above is wrong. the identity policy stays deliberately broad (`s3:*` on `*`, `kms:*` on `*`) so that the intersection semantics can be observed; if the identity policy itself does any gating, the design's whole point is lost. names the verifier reads from ssm , use them exactly: | thing | name | |-|-| | iam user | `analyst-user` | | identity managed policy | `AnalystIdentityPolicy` | | boundary managed policy | `AnalystBoundary` | | s3 bucket | `vault-bucket` | | kms alias | `alias/vault-kms` | | ssm , boundary policy arn | `/harbor/boundary/policy-arn` | | ssm , identity policy arn | `/harbor/boundary/identity-arn` | | ssm , user arn | `/harbor/boundary/user-arn` | | ssm , cmk arn | `/harbor/boundary/kms-key-arn` | | ssm , analyst access key id | `/harbor/boundary/analyst-access-key-id` | | ssm , analyst secret key | `/harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key` | | cloudwatch log group | `/harbor/boundary/decisions` |

Bash

{
  "command": "echo \"AWS_ENDPOINT_URL=$AWS_ENDPOINT_URL\"; echo \"ENFORCE_IAM=$ENFORCE_IAM\"; aws --version",
  "description": "Check environment variables and AWS CLI"
}

output

AWS_ENDPOINT_URL=http://localstack:4566
ENFORCE_IAM=
aws-cli/2.34.48 Python/3.14.4 Linux/6.12.76-linuxkit exe/aarch64.ubuntu.24

[stdout]
AWS_ENDPOINT_URL=http://localstack:4566
ENFORCE_IAM=
aws-cli/2.34.48 Python/3.14.4 Linux/6.12.76-linuxkit exe/aarch64.ubuntu.24

Bash

{
  "command": "aws ssm get-parameters-by-path --path /harbor/boundary --region us-east-1 --output json",
  "description": "Read SSM manifest"
}

output

{
    "Parameters": [
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/policy-arn",
            "Type": "String",
            "Value": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundaryPolicy",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:28.513000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/policy-arn",
            "DataType": "text"
        },
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/identity-arn",
            "Type": "String",
            "Value": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystIdentityPolicy",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:29.252000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/identity-arn",
            "DataType": "text"
        },
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/user-arn",
            "Type": "String",
            "Value": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:30.013000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/user-arn",
            "DataType": "text"
        },
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/kms-key-arn",
            "Type": "String",
            "Value": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/98fe2000-ee63-4632-bd4a-789de4dff155",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:30.921000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/kms-key-arn",
            "DataType": "text"
        },
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/bucket-name",
            "Type": "String",
            "Value": "vault-bucket",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:31.872000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/bucket-name",
            "DataType": "text"
        },
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/analyst-access-key-id",
            "Type": "String",
            "Value": "LKIAQAAAAAAAEBM4ZBA7",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:32.804000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/analyst-access-key-id",
            "DataType": "text"
        },
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key",
            "Type": "SecureString",
            "Value": "kms:alias/aws/ssm:bOK8HabxamDZu+QP6JQz/mZy6zoT2FUsCF8zNFTn",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:33.783000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key",
            "DataType": "text"
        }
    ]
}

[stdout]
{
    "Parameters": [
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/policy-arn",
            "Type": "String",
            "Value": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundaryPolicy",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:28.513000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/policy-arn",
            "DataType": "text"
        },
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/identity-arn",
            "Type": "String",
            "Value": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystIdentityPolicy",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:29.252000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/identity-arn",
            "DataType": "text"
        },
        {
            "Name": "/harbor/boundary/user-arn",
            "Type": "String",
            "Value": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user",
            "Version": 1,
            "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:30.013000+00:00",
            "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/user-arn",
      
…[truncated]

Bash

{
  "command": "aws iam list-policies --scope Local --region us-east-1 --output json",
  "description": "List local IAM policies"
}

output

{
    "Policies": [
        {
            "PolicyName": "AnalystBoundary",
            "PolicyId": "A1UXDHE7JCZ0EYZGM1G5E",
            "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary",
            "Path": "/",
            "DefaultVersionId": "v1",
            "AttachmentCount": 0,
            "PermissionsBoundaryUsageCount": 0,
            "IsAttachable": true,
            "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:21.543119+00:00",
            "UpdateDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:21.543119+00:00"
        },
        {
            "PolicyName": "AnalystIdentityPolicy",
            "PolicyId": "AD84SM88FQJ0QDLE9LANM",
            "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystIdentityPolicy",
            "Path": "/",
            "DefaultVersionId": "v1",
            "AttachmentCount": 1,
            "PermissionsBoundaryUsageCount": 0,
            "IsAttachable": true,
            "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:20.900302+00:00",
            "UpdateDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:20.900302+00:00"
        }
    ]
}

[stdout]
{
    "Policies": [
        {
            "PolicyName": "AnalystBoundary",
            "PolicyId": "A1UXDHE7JCZ0EYZGM1G5E",
            "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary",
            "Path": "/",
            "DefaultVersionId": "v1",
            "AttachmentCount": 0,
            "PermissionsBoundaryUsageCount": 0,
            "IsAttachable": true,
            "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:21.543119+00:00",
            "UpdateDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:21.543119+00:00"
        },
        {
            "PolicyName": "AnalystIdentityPolicy",
            "PolicyId": "AD84SM88FQJ0QDLE9LANM",
            "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystIdentityPolicy",
            "Path": "/",
            "DefaultVersionId": "v1",
            "AttachmentCount": 1,
            "PermissionsBoundaryUsageCount": 0,
            "IsAttachable": true,
            "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:20.900302+00:00",
            "UpdateDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:20.900302+00:00"
        }
    ]
}

Bash

{
  "command": "aws iam get-user --user-name analyst-user --region us-east-1 --output json",
  "description": "Get analyst-user details"
}

output

{
    "User": {
        "Path": "/",
        "UserName": "analyst-user",
        "UserId": "AIDAQAAAAAAAEUHSA7P5D",
        "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user",
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:23.277381+00:00"
    }
}

[stdout]
{
    "User": {
        "Path": "/",
        "UserName": "analyst-user",
        "UserId": "AIDAQAAAAAAAEUHSA7P5D",
        "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:user/analyst-user",
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:23.277381+00:00"
    }
}

Bash

{
  "command": "aws iam list-attached-user-policies --user-name analyst-user --region us-east-1 --output json",
  "description": "List user policies"
}

output

{
    "AttachedPolicies": [
        {
            "PolicyName": "AnalystIdentityPolicy",
            "PolicyArn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystIdentityPolicy"
        }
    ]
}

[stdout]
{
    "AttachedPolicies": [
        {
            "PolicyName": "AnalystIdentityPolicy",
            "PolicyArn": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystIdentityPolicy"
        }
    ]
}

Bash

{
  "command": "aws ssm get-parameter --name /harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key --with-decryption --region us-east-1 --output json",
  "description": "Get decrypted secret"
}

output

{
    "Parameter": {
        "Name": "/harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key",
        "Type": "SecureString",
        "Value": "bOK8HabxamDZu+QP6JQz/mZy6zoT2FUsCF8zNFTn",
        "Version": 1,
        "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:33.783000+00:00",
        "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key",
        "DataType": "text"
    }
}

[stdout]
{
    "Parameter": {
        "Name": "/harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key",
        "Type": "SecureString",
        "Value": "bOK8HabxamDZu+QP6JQz/mZy6zoT2FUsCF8zNFTn",
        "Version": 1,
        "LastModifiedDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:33.783000+00:00",
        "ARN": "arn:aws:ssm:us-east-1:000000000000:parameter/harbor/boundary/analyst-secret-key",
        "DataType": "text"
    }
}

Bash

{
  "command": "aws iam get-policy-version --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary --version-id v1 --region us-east-1 --output json",
  "description": "Get boundary policy document"
}

output

{
    "PolicyVersion": {
        "Document": {
            "Version": "2012-10-17",
            "Statement": [
                {
                    "Sid": "BucketListing",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": [
                        "s3:ListBucket",
                        "s3:GetBucketLocation"
                    ],
                    "NotResource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "ObjectOps",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": [
                        "s3:GetObject",
                        "s3:PutObject",
                        "s3:DeleteObject"
                    ],
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/Confidential/*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "PublicGuard",
                    "Effect": "Deny",
                    "Action": "s3:*",
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "KmsForVault",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": "kms:*",
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/98fe2000-ee63-4632-bd4a-789de4dff155"
                }
            ]
        },
        "VersionId": "v1",
        "IsDefaultVersion": true,
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:21.543119+00:00"
    }
}

[stdout]
{
    "PolicyVersion": {
        "Document": {
            "Version": "2012-10-17",
            "Statement": [
                {
                    "Sid": "BucketListing",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": [
                        "s3:ListBucket",
                        "s3:GetBucketLocation"
                    ],
                    "NotResource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "ObjectOps",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": [
                        "s3:GetObject",
                        "s3:PutObject",
                        "s3:DeleteObject"
                    ],
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/Confidential/*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "PublicGuard",
                    "Effect": "Deny",
                    "Action": "s3:*",
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "KmsForVault",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": "kms:*",
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/98fe2000-ee63-4632-bd4a-789de4dff155"
                }
            ]
        },
        "VersionId": "v1",
        "IsDefaultVersion": true,
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:21.543119+00:00"
    }
}

Bash

{
  "command": "aws iam get-policy-version --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystIdentityPolicy --version-id v1 --region us-east-1 --output json",
  "description": "Get identity policy document"
}

output

{
    "PolicyVersion": {
        "Document": {
            "Version": "2012-10-17",
            "Statement": [
                {
                    "Sid": "AnalystS3",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": "s3:*",
                    "Resource": "*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "AnalystKms",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": "kms:*",
                    "Resource": "*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "AnalystGuard",
                    "Effect": "Deny",
                    "Action": "s3:PutObject",
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/*"
                }
            ]
        },
        "VersionId": "v1",
        "IsDefaultVersion": true,
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:20.900302+00:00"
    }
}

[stdout]
{
    "PolicyVersion": {
        "Document": {
            "Version": "2012-10-17",
            "Statement": [
                {
                    "Sid": "AnalystS3",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": "s3:*",
                    "Resource": "*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "AnalystKms",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": "kms:*",
                    "Resource": "*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "AnalystGuard",
                    "Effect": "Deny",
                    "Action": "s3:PutObject",
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/*"
                }
            ]
        },
        "VersionId": "v1",
        "IsDefaultVersion": true,
        "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:20.900302+00:00"
    }
}

Bash

{
  "command": "aws s3 ls --region us-east-1; aws kms list-aliases --region us-east-1 --output json | grep -A2 vault",
  "description": "Check buckets and KMS alias"
}

output

2026-05-17 08:15:16 vault-bucket
            "AliasName": "alias/vault-kms",
            "AliasArn": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:alias/vault-kms",
            "TargetKeyId": "98fe2000-ee63-4632-bd4a-789de4dff155",
            "CreationDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:15.114032+00:00"

[stdout]
2026-05-17 08:15:16 vault-bucket
            "AliasName": "alias/vault-kms",
            "AliasArn": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:alias/vault-kms",
            "TargetKeyId": "98fe2000-ee63-4632-bd4a-789de4dff155",
            "CreationDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:15.114032+00:00"

Bash

{
  "command": "aws iam list-access-keys --user-name analyst-user --region us-east-1 --output json",
  "description": "List analyst access keys"
}

output

{
    "AccessKeyMetadata": [
        {
            "UserName": "analyst-user",
            "AccessKeyId": "LKIAQAAAAAAAEBM4ZBA7",
            "Status": "Active",
            "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:24.828903+00:00"
        }
    ]
}

[stdout]
{
    "AccessKeyMetadata": [
        {
            "UserName": "analyst-user",
            "AccessKeyId": "LKIAQAAAAAAAEBM4ZBA7",
            "Status": "Active",
            "CreateDate": "2026-05-17T08:15:24.828903+00:00"
        }
    ]
}

Diagnosis so far: 1. **SSM `/harbor/boundary/policy-arn`** points to `AnalystBoundaryPolicy`, but the actual policy is `AnalystBoundary` , pointer is wrong. 2. **`analyst-user` has no `PermissionsBoundary` attached** , `get-user` returns no boundary field. 3. **Identity policy is wrong** , has a `Deny` on `vault-bucket/public/*`. Spec says identity must stay broad (`s3:* on *`, `kms:* on *`) so the boundary intersection is what does the shaping. 4. **Boundary policy is wrong** , case mismatch (`Confidential` vs `confidential`), and bucket-level `NotResource` shape grants too much. Boundary needs to be a narrow ceiling. Let me also check the KMS key policy and any environment specifics before executing.

Bash

{
  "command": "aws kms get-key-policy --key-id 98fe2000-ee63-4632-bd4a-789de4dff155 --policy-name default --region us-east-1 --output json 2>&1 | head -60",
  "description": "Check KMS key policy"
}

output

{
    "Policy": "{\n  \"Version\": \"2012-10-17\",\n  \"Statement\": [\n    {\n      \"Sid\": \"EnableIAMUserPermissions\",\n      \"Effect\": \"Allow\",\n      \"Principal\": {\"AWS\": \"arn:aws:iam::000000000000:root\"},\n      \"Action\": \"kms:*\",\n      \"Resource\": \"*\"\n    }\n  ]\n}"
}

[stdout]
{
    "Policy": "{\n  \"Version\": \"2012-10-17\",\n  \"Statement\": [\n    {\n      \"Sid\": \"EnableIAMUserPermissions\",\n      \"Effect\": \"Allow\",\n      \"Principal\": {\"AWS\": \"arn:aws:iam::000000000000:root\"},\n      \"Action\": \"kms:*\",\n      \"Resource\": \"*\"\n    }\n  ]\n}"
}

Bash

{
  "command": "aws iam get-account-summary --region us-east-1 2>&1 | head -5; echo \"---\"; aws --version",
  "description": "Sanity check IAM"
}

output

{
    "SummaryMap": {
        "Users": 1,
        "Groups": 0,
        "Roles": 0,
---
aws-cli/2.34.48 Python/3.14.4 Linux/6.12.76-linuxkit exe/aarch64.ubuntu.24

[stdout]
{
    "SummaryMap": {
        "Users": 1,
        "Groups": 0,
        "Roles": 0,
---
aws-cli/2.34.48 Python/3.14.4 Linux/6.12.76-linuxkit exe/aarch64.ubuntu.24

KMS key policy delegates to IAM. Now I'll execute the fix.

Write

{
  "file_path": "/tmp/identity-policy.json",
  "content": "{\n  \"Version\": \"2012-10-17\",\n  \"Statement\": [\n    {\n      \"Sid\": \"AnalystS3Broad\",\n      \"Effect\": \"Allow\",\n      \"Action\": \"s3:*\",\n      \"Resource\": \"*\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"Sid\": \"AnalystKmsBroad\",\n      \"Effect\": \"Allow\",\n      \"Action\": \"kms:*\",\n      \"Resource\": \"*\"\n    }\n  ]\n}\n"
}

output

File created successfully at: /tmp/identity-policy.json (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

Write

{
  "file_path": "/tmp/boundary-policy.json",
  "content": "{\n  \"Version\": \"2012-10-17\",\n  \"Statement\": [\n    {\n      \"Sid\": \"S3ConfidentialOnly\",\n      \"Effect\": \"Allow\",\n      \"Action\": [\n        \"s3:GetObject\",\n        \"s3:PutObject\",\n        \"s3:DeleteObject\"\n      ],\n      \"Resource\": \"arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/confidential/*\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"Sid\": \"S3VaultBucketListing\",\n      \"Effect\": \"Allow\",\n      \"Action\": [\n        \"s3:ListBucket\",\n        \"s3:GetBucketLocation\"\n      ],\n      \"Resource\": \"arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket\"\n    },\n    {\n      \"Sid\": \"KmsVaultOnly\",\n      \"Effect\": \"Allow\",\n      \"Action\": [\n        \"kms:Decrypt\",\n        \"kms:Encrypt\",\n        \"kms:GenerateDataKey\",\n        \"kms:GenerateDataKeyWithoutPlaintext\",\n        \"kms:DescribeKey\",\n        \"kms:ReEncryptFrom\",\n        \"kms:ReEncryptTo\"\n      ],\n      \"Resource\": \"arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/98fe2000-ee63-4632-bd4a-789de4dff155\"\n    }\n  ]\n}\n"
}

output

File created successfully at: /tmp/boundary-policy.json (file state is current in your context , no need to Read it back)

Credit balance is too low

Final diff , what the agent changed

No file changes, the agent left the workspace untouched.

Verifier output , the proof behind the reward

tests/test.sh

downloading uv 0.9.7 aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
Downloading botocore (12.7MiB)
Downloading pygments (1.2MiB)
 Downloading pygments
 Downloading botocore
Installed 13 packages in 41ms
============================= test session starts ==============================
platform linux -- Python 3.12.3, pytest-8.4.1, pluggy-1.6.0 -- /root/.cache/uv/archive-v0/TUuR-_fu-PAk3ItISh_tJ/bin/python
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /tests
plugins: json-ctrf-0.3.5
collecting ... collected 27 items

../tests/test_outputs.py::test_01_analyst_user_exists PASSED             [  3%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_02_identity_policy_attached_to_user PASSED [  7%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_03_boundary_attached_via_get_user FAILED  [ 11%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_04_vault_bucket_exists_with_public_access_block PASSED [ 14%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_05_kms_alias_and_ssm_pointers_resolve FAILED [ 18%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_06_identity_policy_grants_full_s3_and_full_kms PASSED [ 22%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_07_identity_policy_has_no_explicit_deny_anywhere FAILED [ 25%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_08_user_has_no_admin_managed_policy_attached PASSED [ 29%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_09_boundary_effect_allow_only FAILED      [ 33%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_10_boundary_has_no_NotResource_or_NotAction FAILED [ 37%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_11_boundary_object_actions_scoped_to_confidential_prefix FAILED [ 40%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_12_boundary_listbucket_uses_s3_prefix_condition FAILED [ 44%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_13_boundary_kms_actions_scoped_to_cmk_arn PASSED [ 48%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_14_boundary_does_not_grant_kms_create_key_or_wildcard_kms FAILED [ 51%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_15_boundary_does_not_grant_iam_self_modify PASSED [ 55%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_16_boundary_size_under_managed_policy_limit PASSED [ 59%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_17_boundary_allows_confidential_put_via_simulator FAILED [ 62%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_18_boundary_denies_public_put_via_simulator PASSED [ 66%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_19_boundary_allows_kms_decrypt_via_simulator PASSED [ 70%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_20_boundary_denies_kms_create_key_via_simulator PASSED [ 74%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_21_analyst_can_put_to_confidential_prefix PASSED [ 77%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_22_analyst_cannot_put_to_public_prefix PASSED [ 81%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_23_analyst_cannot_create_kms_key FAILED   [ 85%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_24_analyst_cannot_put_to_a_different_bucket FAILED [ 88%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_25_boundary_object_resource_prefix_is_lowercase_confidential FAILED [ 92%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_26_ssm_policy_arn_resolves_to_a_live_boundary_managed_policy FAILED [ 96%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_27_boundary_default_version_reflects_the_runtime_intended_shape FAILED [100%]

=================================== FAILURES ===================================
____________________ test_03_boundary_attached_via_get_user ____________________

    def test_03_boundary_attached_via_get_user():
        user = _get_user()
        pb = user.get("PermissionsBoundary") or {}
        arn = pb.get("PermissionsBoundaryArn")
>       assert arn == BOUNDARY_ARN_EXPECTED, (
            f"GetUser.User.PermissionsBoundary.PermissionsBoundaryArn={arn!r}; "
            f"expected {BOUNDARY_ARN_EXPECTED!r} , the boundary managed policy is defined "
            f"but not actually attached to the user as a permissions boundary"
        )
E       AssertionError: GetUser.User.PermissionsBoundary.PermissionsBoundaryArn=None; expected 'arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary' , the boundary managed policy is defined but not actually attached to the user as a permissions boundary
E       assert None == 'arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary'

/tests/test_outputs.py:181: AssertionError
__________________ test_05_kms_alias_and_ssm_pointers_resolve __________________

    def test_05_kms_alias_and_ssm_pointers_resolve():
        kms = _client("kms")
        info = kms.describe_key(KeyId="alias/vault-kms")["KeyMetadata"]
        assert info["Arn"].startswith(f"arn:aws:kms:{REGION}:{ACCOUNT_ID}:key/")
>       assert _ssm(SSM_BOUNDARY_ARN) == BOUNDARY_ARN_EXPECTED
E       AssertionError: assert 'arn:aws:iam:...oundaryPolicy' == 'arn:aws:iam:...alystBoundary'
E         
E         - arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundary
E         + arn:aws:iam::000000000000:policy/AnalystBoundaryPolicy
E         ?                                                 ++++++

/tests/test_outputs.py:200: AssertionError
____________ test_07_identity_policy_has_no_explicit_deny_anywhere _____________

    def test_07_identity_policy_has_no_explicit_deny_anywhere():
        for s in _stmts(_identity_doc()):
>           assert s.get("Effect") != "Deny", (
                f"identity policy contains an Effect:Deny statement {s!r} , the design requires the boundary "
                f"alone to do the gating; an explicit Deny in the identity policy means the boundary's "
                f"semantics aren't being exercised, and the auditor flags the design as broken"
            )
E           AssertionError: identity policy contains an Effect:Deny statement {'Sid': 'AnalystGuard', 'Effect': 'Deny', 'Action': 's3:PutObject', 'Resource': 'arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/*'} , the design requires the boundary alone to do the gating; an explicit Deny in the identity policy means the boundary's semantics aren't being exercised, and the auditor flags the design as broken
E           assert 'Deny' != 'Deny'
E            +  where 'Deny' = <built-in method get of dict object at 0xffff9481c340>('Effect')
E            +    where <built-in method get of dict object at 0xffff9481c340> = {'Action': 's3:PutObject', 'Effect': 'Deny', 'Resource': 'arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/*', 'Sid': 'AnalystGuard'}.get

/tests/test_outputs.py:228: AssertionError
______________________ test_09_boundary_effect_allow_only ______________________

    def test_09_boundary_effect_allow_only():
        for s in _stmts(_boundary_doc()):
            eff = s.get("Effect")
>           assert eff == "Allow", (
                f"boundary has a non-Allow statement: {s!r} , a permissions boundary is a CEILING, "
                f"not a deny list; anything not listed is implicitly denied by the boundary itself, "
                f"and the auditor rejects an explicit Deny in the boundary as a design smell"
            )
E           AssertionError: boundary has a non-Allow statement: {'Sid': 'PublicGuard', 'Effect': 'Deny', 'Action': 's3:*', 'Resource': 'arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/*'} , a permissions boundary is a CEILING, not a deny list; anything not listed is implicitly denied by the boundary itself, and the auditor rejects an explicit Deny in the boundary as a design smell
E           assert 'Deny' == 'Allow'
E             
E             - Allow
E             + Deny

/tests/test_outputs.py:251: AssertionError
_______________ test_10_boundary_has_no_NotResource_or_NotAction _______________

    def test_10_boundary_has_no_NotResource_or_NotAction():
        for s in _stmts(_boundary_doc()):
>           assert "NotResource" not in s, (
                f"boundary statement uses NotResource: {s!r} , NotResource does not invert into an allow-elsewhere, "
                f"it inverts the resource match in a way that's almost never what the author meant; the auditor "
                f"forbids it in boundary documents"
            )
E           AssertionError: boundary statement uses NotResource: {'Sid': 'BucketListing', 'Effect': 'Allow', 'Action': ['s3:ListBucket', 's3:GetBucketLocation'], 'NotResource': 'arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/*'} , NotResource does not invert into an allow-elsewhere, it inverts the resource match in a way that's almost never what the author meant; the auditor forbids it in boundary documents
E           assert 'NotResource' not in {'Action': ['s3:ListBucket', 's3:GetBucketLocation'], 'Effect': 'Allow', 'NotResource': 'arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/public/*', 'Sid': 'BucketListing'}

/tests/test_outputs.py:260: AssertionError
________ test_11_boundary_object_actions_scoped_to_confidential_prefix _________

    def test_11_boundary_object_actions_scoped_to_confidential_prefix():
        bucket = _bucket()
        expected = f"arn:aws:s3:::{bucket}/confidential/*"
        object_actions = {"s3:GetObject", "s3:PutObject", "s3:DeleteObject"}
        found_any = False
        for s in _stmts(_boundary_doc()):
            if s.get("Effect") != "Allow":
                continue
            actions = set(_as_list(s.get("Action")))
            if not (actions & object_actions):
                continue
            found_any = True
            resources = _as_list(s.get("Resource"))
            assert "*" not in resources, (
                f"boundary object-level Allow statement has Resource '*' (no scope): {s!r} , must be narrowed "
                f"to {expected!r}"
            )
            bad = [r for r in resources if r != expected]
>           assert not bad, (
                f"boundary object-level Allow statement has Resource={resources!r}; expected exactly [{expected!r}]"
            )
E           AssertionError: boundary object-level Allow statement has Resource=['arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/Confidential/*']; expected exactly ['arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/confidential/*']
E           assert not ['arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket/Confidential/*']

/tests/test_outputs.py:286: AssertionError
_____________ test_12_boundary_listbucket_uses_s3_prefix_condition _____________

    def test_12_boundary_listbucket_uses_s3_prefix_condition():
        bucket = _bucket()
        bucket_arn = f"arn:aws:s3:::{bucket}"
        found = False
        for s in _stmts(_boundary_doc()):
            if s.get("Effect") != "Allow":
                continue
            actions = set(_as_list(s.get("Action")))
            if "s3:ListBucket" not in actions:
                continue
            found = True
            resources = _as_list(s.get("Resource"))
>           assert bucket_arn in resources, (
                f"boundary s3:ListBucket Resource={resources!r} does not include the bucket ARN {bucket_arn!r}; "
                f"ListBucket is a bucket-level action and must target the bucket ARN, not an object-prefix ARN"
            )
E           AssertionError: boundary s3:ListBucket Resource=[] does not include the bucket ARN 'arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket'; ListBucket is a bucket-level action and must target the bucket ARN, not an object-prefix ARN
E           assert 'arn:aws:s3:::vault-bucket' in []

/tests/test_outputs.py:307: AssertionError
________ test_14_boundary_does_not_grant_kms_create_key_or_wildcard_kms ________

    def test_14_boundary_does_not_grant_kms_create_key_or_wildcard_kms():
        actions = _all_actions(_stmts(_boundary_doc()))
        assert "kms:CreateKey" not in actions, (
            "boundary grants kms:CreateKey , the analyst could create their own keys outside the design"
        )
>       assert "kms:*" not in actions, (
            "boundary grants kms:* , that's a wildcard over every kms action including CreateKey, "
            "and the design forbids it; the boundary's kms grants must be limited to the data-key "
            "actions needed to use the existing cmk"
        )
E       AssertionError: boundary grants kms:* , that's a wildcard over every kms action including CreateKey, and the design forbids it; the boundary's kms grants must be limited to the data-key actions needed to use the existing cmk
E       assert 'kms:*' not in ['s3:ListBucket', 's3:GetBucketLocation', 's3:GetObject', 's3:PutObject', 's3:DeleteObject', 's3:*', ...]

/tests/test_outputs.py:350: AssertionError
____________ test_17_boundary_allows_confidential_put_via_simulator ____________

    def test_17_boundary_allows_confidential_put_via_si

… (truncated at 12,000 chars, full verifier log is in the trial artifacts)

Reproduce this trial: git checkout 2f94510 && PYTHONPATH=src python3 scripts/build_site.py , then open trial/trial_aabb06598bd14a96. Re-running the agent live requires EVAL_PLATFORM_ENABLE_OAUTH_SMOKE=1 and is non-deterministic.

Trial trial_aabb06598bd14a96 · verifier authoritative; classifier explanatory.