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secrets-rotation-kms

claude-code claude-opus-4-7 ✓ resolved GOOD_SUCCESS ↑ View task
Solved from the instruction alone, tests/ and solution/ were withheld from the agent's workspace and restored only for grading.
Reward = tests/test.sh exit code (0 → resolved); the classification below is post-hoc and cannot change it.
Classification , post-hoc; cannot change the reward
GOOD_SUCCESSLegitimate solve, implements the asked-for behavior; tests verify real functionality.
SubtypeLegitimate Solution
EvidenceAll 8 tests passed including critical tests: test_role_policy_grants_kms_actions, test_kms_key_policy_grants_lambda_role, test_lambda_permission_allows_secretsmanager_invoke, and test_rotate_secret_advances_awscurrent. The agent correctly identified the broken-by-design issues documented in setup.sh (KMS key policy missing Lambda role principal, IAM role policy lacking KMS actions, Lambda resource-based policy lacking secretsmanager.amazonaws.com permission, and incomplete finish_secret handler). The verifier 'reads policy documents directly' and rejects wildcard scope (per task.toml), confirming the agent applied proper least-privilege fixes.
Root causeThe agent successfully diagnosed and fixed all four layers of the AWS Secrets Manager rotation setup: (1) KMS key policy to grant Lambda role decrypt/encrypt/GenerateDataKey; (2) IAM role policy to add KMS actions scoped to the CMK; (3) Lambda resource-based policy to permit secretsmanager.amazonaws.com to invoke; (4) handler.py finish_secret to call UpdateSecretVersionStage. The end-to-end rotation now advances AWSCURRENT to a new version with a new value and labels the prior version AWSPREVIOUS.
RecommendationN/A - task is fine
Trajectory
Tool-by-tool agent trajectory
19 tool calls · 3 tool types · 27 steps
# Make AWS Secrets Manager rotation actually rotate You are working against a LocalStack AWS endpoint at `http://localstack:4566`. The container already has `aws` (AWS CLI v2), `python3`, `boto3`, `jq`, `zip`, and `curl` installed. `AWS_ENDPOINT_URL`, `AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=test`, `AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=test`, and `AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=us-east-1` are already exported. The environment has been pre-seeded by `/app/setup.sh` with a **partially-deployed, broken-by-design** Secrets Manager rotation setup. You must diagnose what's wrong and make rotation actually advance the secret to a new value. ## Starter resources Every resource below already exists , do not rename or recreate unless you know what you're doing: - **Secret**: `app/db/password`, encrypted with a customer-managed CMK - **KMS CMK**: alias `alias/app-rotation-key` (symmetric ENCRYPT_DECRYPT) - **Rotation Lambda**: function `secrets-rotator`, runtime `python3.11`, source on disk at `/app/handler.py` - **IAM role**: `secrets-rotator-role` (inline policy `SecretsRotatorPolicy`) with the Lambda's execution permissions - **Rotation config** is already attached to the secret (pointing at the rotation Lambda), but invoking it fails , the layers needed to actually carry out the rotation are broken. ## Required outcome After your fix, running ```bash aws secretsmanager rotate-secret --secret-id app/db/password ``` must: 1. **Succeed without error.** 2. **Advance `AWSCURRENT`** to a fresh version ID , the version that holds the `AWSCURRENT` label after rotation must be different from the version that held it before, and the string value returned by `get-secret-value` must change. 3. **Label the prior version as `AWSPREVIOUS`.** The verifier inspects both the end-to-end behaviour and the shape of the underlying IAM / KMS / Lambda configuration. Least privilege matters , the grader reads policy documents directly. The rotation Lambda source lives at `/app/handler.py`; redeploy with `aws lambda update-function-code --zip-file fileb://...`. LocalStack spawns Lambda containers on the shared compose network, so `http://localstack:4566` is reachable from inside the function.

List files in /app

shell
ls -la /app/
output
total 28
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Apr 22 19:10 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Apr 23 05:40 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4137 Apr 22 19:10 handler.py
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6097 Apr 22 19:10 setup.sh
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 22 19:10 starter

[stdout]
total 28
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Apr 22 19:10 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Apr 23 05:40 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4137 Apr 22 19:10 handler.py
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6097 Apr 22 19:10 setup.sh
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 22 19:10 starter

/app/handler.py

contents
1	# Rotation Lambda for AWS Secrets Manager, "single-user" pattern
2	# (no external database, value is self-contained).
3	#
4	# Secrets Manager calls this function 4 times in sequence per rotation,
5	# passing a Step field: createSecret, setSecret, testSecret, finishSecret.
6	# Each step must return cleanly for the rotation to advance.
7	#
8	# Reference:
9	#   https://docs.aws.amazon.com/secretsmanager/latest/userguide/rotate-secrets_lambda-functions.html
10	
11	import json
12	import logging
13	import os
14	
15	import boto3
16	
17	logger = logging.getLogger()
18	logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
19	
20	ENDPOINT = os.environ.get("SECRETS_MANAGER_ENDPOINT") or os.environ.get(
21	    "AWS_ENDPOINT_URL"
22	)
23	
24	
25	def _client():
26	    return boto3.client("secretsmanager", endpoint_url=ENDPOINT) if ENDPOINT else boto3.client("secretsmanager")
27	
28	
29	def lambda_handler(event, context):
30	    arn = event["SecretId"]
31	    token = event["ClientRequestToken"]
32	    step = event["Step"]
33	
34	    client = _client()
35	
36	    desc = client.describe_secret(SecretId=arn)
37	    if not desc.get("RotationEnabled"):
38	        logger.error("Secret %s is not enabled for rotation", arn)
39	        raise ValueError(f"Secret {arn} is not enabled for rotation")
40	
41	    versions = desc.get("VersionIdsToStages", {})
42	    if token not in versions:
43	        logger.error("Secret version %s has no stage for rotation of %s", token, arn)
44	        raise ValueError(f"Secret version {token} has no stage for rotation of secret {arn}")
45	    if "AWSCURRENT" in versions[token]:
46	        logger.info("Secret version %s already AWSCURRENT for %s", token, arn)
47	        return
48	    if "AWSPENDING" not in versions[token]:
49	        logger.error("Secret version %s not staged as AWSPENDING for %s", token, arn)
50	        raise ValueError(f"Secret version {token} not set as AWSPENDING for rotation of secret {arn}")
51	
52	    if step == "createSecret":
53	        create_secret(client, arn, token)
54	    elif step == "setSecret":
55	        set_secret(client, arn, token)
56	    elif step == "testSecret":
57	        test_secret(client, arn, token)
58	    elif step == "finishSecret":
59	        finish_secret(client, arn, token)
60	    else:
61	        raise ValueError(f"Invalid step parameter: {step}")
62	
63	
64	def create_secret(client, arn, token):
65	    # Generate a new candidate value and stash it as AWSPENDING.
66	    client.get_secret_value(SecretId=arn, VersionStage="AWSCURRENT")
67	
68	    try:
69	        client.get_secret_value(SecretId=arn, VersionId=token, VersionStage="AWSPENDING")
70	        logger.info("createSecret: pending version %s already exists", token)
71	    except client.exceptions.ResourceNotFoundException:
72	        password = client.get_random_password(PasswordLength=32, ExcludePunctuation=True)
73	        client.put_secret_value(
74	            SecretId=arn,
75	            ClientRequestToken=token,
76	            SecretString=json.dumps({"password": password["RandomPassword"]}),
77	            VersionStages=["AWSPENDING"],
78	        )
79	        logger.info("createSecret: stored new AWSPENDING version %s", token)
80	
81	
82	def set_secret(client, arn, token):
83	    # No external system to update for a self-contained secret; validate
84	    # that both AWSCURRENT and AWSPENDING are readable and move on.
85	    client.get_secret_value(SecretId=arn, VersionStage="AWSCURRENT")
86	    client.get_secret_value(SecretId=arn, VersionId=token, VersionStage="AWSPENDING")
87	    logger.info("setSecret: both stages readable")
88	
89	
90	def test_secret(client, arn, token):
91	    # Sanity-check the pending value parses as JSON with a non-empty
92	    # password field. Real handlers would attempt a login here.
93	    pending = client.get_secret_value(SecretId=arn, VersionId=token, VersionStage="AWSPENDING")
94	    parsed = json.loads(pending["SecretString"])
95	    if not parsed.get("password"):
96	        raise ValueError("testSecret: pending value has no password")
97	    logger.info("testSecret: pending value validated")
98	
99	
100	def finish_secret(client, arn, token):
101	    # TODO: promote the AWSPENDING version to AWSCURRENT here.
102	    # Without this, rotation will appear to succeed from Secrets
103	    # Manager's orchestrator but AWSCURRENT never advances and
104	    # consumers keep reading the old password.
105	    logger.info("finishSecret: (no-op)")
106

/app/setup.sh

contents
1	#!/bin/bash
2	# Seeds LocalStack with the broken-by-design state the agent inherits:
3	#   - customer-managed KMS CMK (alias alias/app-rotation-key)
4	#   - Secrets Manager secret encrypted with that CMK
5	#   - IAM role for the rotation Lambda (with deliberately incomplete policy)
6	#   - Rotation Lambda (with a subtle bug in finishSecret)
7	#   - Rotation configured on the secret, pointing at the Lambda
8	#
9	# The task expects these resources to already exist when the agent starts
10	# working. The agent must find the bugs and make `rotate-secret` actually
11	# advance AWSCURRENT end-to-end.
12	
13	set -euo pipefail
14	
15	REGION="${AWS_DEFAULT_REGION:-us-east-1}"
16	ACCOUNT_ID="000000000000"
17	SECRET_NAME="app/db/password"
18	ROLE_NAME="secrets-rotator-role"
19	FUNCTION="secrets-rotator"
20	KEY_ALIAS="alias/app-rotation-key"
21	
22	log() { echo "[setup] $*" >&2; }
23	
24	log "waiting for localstack health..."
25	for _ in $(seq 1 60); do
26	  if curl -sf http://localstack:4566/_localstack/health | grep -q '"secretsmanager": "available"'; then
27	    break
28	  fi
29	  sleep 2
30	done
31	
32	# 1. CMK with a minimal key policy (root admin only , no grant for the
33	#    rotation Lambda role yet).
34	log "creating KMS CMK"
35	KEY_POLICY=$(cat <<JSON
36	{
37	  "Version": "2012-10-17",
38	  "Id": "app-rotation-key-policy",
39	  "Statement": [
40	    {
41	      "Sid": "EnableRootAdmin",
42	      "Effect": "Allow",
43	      "Principal": { "AWS": "arn:aws:iam::${ACCOUNT_ID}:root" },
44	      "Action": "kms:*",
45	      "Resource": "*"
46	    }
47	  ]
48	}
49	JSON
50	)
51	KEY_ID=$(aws kms create-key \
52	  --description "Customer CMK for app/db/password" \
53	  --key-usage ENCRYPT_DECRYPT \
54	  --policy "$KEY_POLICY" \
55	  --query 'KeyMetadata.KeyId' --output text)
56	aws kms create-alias --alias-name "$KEY_ALIAS" --target-key-id "$KEY_ID" >/dev/null
57	KEY_ARN="arn:aws:kms:${REGION}:${ACCOUNT_ID}:key/${KEY_ID}"
58	log "created CMK $KEY_ID"
59	
60	# 2. Secret, encrypted with the CMK.
61	log "creating secret"
62	aws secretsmanager create-secret \
63	  --name "$SECRET_NAME" \
64	  --kms-key-id "$KEY_ARN" \
65	  --secret-string '{"password": "initial-placeholder-value"}' \
66	  --description "App DB password, rotated by Lambda" >/dev/null
67	
68	SECRET_ARN=$(aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id "$SECRET_NAME" \
69	  --query 'ARN' --output text)
70	log "created secret $SECRET_ARN"
71	
72	# 3. IAM role for the rotation Lambda. Deliberately incomplete , has
73	#    secretsmanager:* but no KMS actions. The broken state the agent
74	#    inherits.
75	log "creating rotation Lambda role"
76	TRUST=$(cat <<'JSON'
77	{
78	  "Version": "2012-10-17",
79	  "Statement": [
80	    {"Effect": "Allow", "Principal": {"Service": "lambda.amazonaws.com"}, "Action": "sts:AssumeRole"}
81	  ]
82	}
83	JSON
84	)
85	aws iam create-role \
86	  --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" \
87	  --assume-role-policy-document "$TRUST" >/dev/null
88	
89	aws iam attach-role-policy \
90	  --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" \
91	  --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/service-role/AWSLambdaBasicExecutionRole
92	
93	INLINE=$(cat <<JSON
94	{
95	  "Version": "2012-10-17",
96	  "Statement": [
97	    {
98	      "Effect": "Allow",
99	      "Action": [
100	        "secretsmanager:DescribeSecret",
101	        "secretsmanager:GetSecretValue",
102	        "secretsmanager:PutSecretValue",
103	        "secretsmanager:UpdateSecretVersionStage"
104	      ],
105	      "Resource": "${SECRET_ARN}"
106	    },
107	    {
108	      "Effect": "Allow",
109	      "Action": "secretsmanager:GetRandomPassword",
110	      "Resource": "*"
111	    }
112	  ]
113	}
114	JSON
115	)
116	aws iam put-role-policy \
117	  --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" \
118	  --policy-name SecretsRotatorPolicy \
119	  --policy-document "$INLINE"
120	
121	ROLE_ARN=$(aws iam get-role --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" --query 'Role.Arn' --output text)
122	log "created role $ROLE_ARN"
123	
124	# 4. Package + deploy the rotation Lambda (with its buggy handler).
125	log "packaging rotation Lambda"
126	WORKDIR="$(mktemp -d)"
127	cp /app/handler.py "${WORKDIR}/handler.py"
128	(cd "$WORKDIR" && zip -q handler.zip handler.py)
129	
130	aws lambda create-function \
131	  --function-name "$FUNCTION" \
132	  --runtime python3.11 \
133	  --role "$ROLE_ARN" \
134	  --handler handler.lambda_handler \
135	  --timeout 30 \
136	  --memory-size 256 \
137	  --environment "Variables={SECRETS_MANAGER_ENDPOINT=http://localstack:4566}" \
138	  --zip-file "fileb://${WORKDIR}/handler.zip" >/dev/null
139	
140	for _ in $(seq 1 30); do
141	  STATE=$(aws lambda get-function --function-name "$FUNCTION" \
142	    --query 'Configuration.State' --output text 2>/dev/null || echo "Pending")
143	  [ "$STATE" = "Active" ] && break
144	  sleep 1
145	done
146	log "Lambda $FUNCTION active"
147	
148	# NOTE: deliberately NOT calling `aws lambda add-permission` with
149	# principal secretsmanager.amazonaws.com. The agent must add that.
150	
151	# 5. Attach rotation config on the secret. Secrets Manager refuses to
152	#    attach unless the rotation Lambda already grants it InvokeFunction,
153	#    so we temporarily add that permission, attach rotation, then remove
154	#    the permission so the agent still has to re-add it as part of their
155	#    fix. Net result: RotationEnabled=true but rotation fails at runtime
156	#    because of the other broken layers (KMS grants, handler bug, Lambda
157	#    resource policy).
158	log "attaching rotation config (temp Lambda permission)"
159	FUNCTION_ARN="arn:aws:lambda:${REGION}:${ACCOUNT_ID}:function:${FUNCTION}"
160	aws lambda add-permission \
161	  --function-name "$FUNCTION" \
162	  --statement-id TempRotationSetup \
163	  --action lambda:InvokeFunction \
164	  --principal secretsmanager.amazonaws.com \
165	  --source-arn "$SECRET_ARN" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
166	
167	if aws secretsmanager rotate-secret \
168	     --secret-id "$SECRET_NAME" \
169	     --rotation-lambda-arn "$FUNCTION_ARN" \
170	     --rotation-rules AutomaticallyAfterDays=30 \
171	     --no-rotate-immediately >/dev/null 2>&1; then
172	  log "rotation attached (no immediate trigger)"
173	elif aws secretsmanager rotate-secret \
174	       --secret-id "$SECRET_NAME" \
175	       --rotation-lambda-arn "$FUNCTION_ARN" \
176	       --rotation-rules AutomaticallyAfterDays=30 >/dev/null 2>&1; then
177	  log "rotation attached (first run may have fired)"
178	else
179	  log "rotate-secret failed even with temp permission , check LocalStack compat"
180	fi
181	
182	# Strip the temp permission so the agent still has to add it.
183	aws lambda remove-permission \
184	  --function-name "$FUNCTION" \
185	  --statement-id TempRotationSetup >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
186	
187	log "done"
188

Describe the secret

shell
aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id app/db/password
output
{
    "ARN": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-PLcOFi",
    "Name": "app/db/password",
    "Description": "App DB password, rotated by Lambda",
    "KmsKeyId": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/b44bcb92-dc70-40e7-b176-b059f31bf8d1",
    "RotationEnabled": true,
    "RotationLambdaARN": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:000000000000:function:secrets-rotator",
    "RotationRules": {
        "AutomaticallyAfterDays": 30
    },
    "LastRotatedDate": "2026-04-23T05:40:33+00:00",
    "LastChangedDate": "2026-04-23T05:40:29.092000+00:00",
    "LastAccessedDate": "2026-04-23T00:00:00+00:00",
    "NextRotationDate": "2026-05-23T05:40:27+00:00",
    "VersionIdsToStages": {
        "8f467236-f87b-4cc8-aed0-f75d20522b0a": [
            "AWSCURRENT"
        ],
        "dd734fd9-3aa7-485a-af0e-3162b55ef9c2": [
            "AWSPENDING"
        ]
    },
    "CreatedDate": "2026-04-23T05:40:17.637642+00:00"
}

[stdout]
{
    "ARN": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-PLcOFi",
    "Name": "app/db/password",
    "Description": "App DB password, rotated by Lambda",
    "KmsKeyId": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/b44bcb92-dc70-40e7-b176-b059f31bf8d1",
    "RotationEnabled": true,
    "RotationLambdaARN": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:000000000000:function:secrets-rotator",
    "RotationRules": {
        "AutomaticallyAfterDays": 30
    },
    "LastRotatedDate": "2026-04-23T05:40:33+00:00",
    "LastChangedDate": "2026-04-23T05:40:29.092000+00:00",
    "LastAccessedDate": "2026-04-23T00:00:00+00:00",
    "NextRotationDate": "2026-05-23T05:40:27+00:00",
    "VersionIdsToStages": {
        "8f467236-f87b-4cc8-aed0-f75d20522b0a": [
            "AWSCURRENT"
        ],
        "dd734fd9-3aa7-485a-af0e-3162b55ef9c2": [
            "AWSPENDING"
        ]
    },
    "CreatedDate": "2026-04-23T05:40:17.637642+00:00"
}

Get current KMS key policy

shell
aws kms get-key-policy --key-id b44bcb92-dc70-40e7-b176-b059f31bf8d1 --policy-name default --output text
output
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Id": "app-rotation-key-policy",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Sid": "EnableRootAdmin",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": { "AWS": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:root" },
      "Action": "kms:*",
      "Resource": "*"
    }
  ]
}

[stdout]
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Id": "app-rotation-key-policy",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Sid": "EnableRootAdmin",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": { "AWS": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:root" },
      "Action": "kms:*",
      "Resource": "*"
    }
  ]
}

Get inline role policy

shell
aws iam get-role-policy --role-name secrets-rotator-role --policy-name SecretsRotatorPolicy
output
{
    "RoleName": "secrets-rotator-role",
    "PolicyName": "SecretsRotatorPolicy",
    "PolicyDocument": {
        "Version": "2012-10-17",
        "Statement": [
            {
                "Effect": "Allow",
                "Action": [
                    "secretsmanager:DescribeSecret",
                    "secretsmanager:GetSecretValue",
                    "secretsmanager:PutSecretValue",
                    "secretsmanager:UpdateSecretVersionStage"
                ],
                "Resource": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-PLcOFi"
            },
            {
                "Effect": "Allow",
                "Action": "secretsmanager:GetRandomPassword",
                "Resource": "*"
            }
        ]
    }
}

[stdout]
{
    "RoleName": "secrets-rotator-role",
    "PolicyName": "SecretsRotatorPolicy",
    "PolicyDocument": {
        "Version": "2012-10-17",
        "Statement": [
            {
                "Effect": "Allow",
                "Action": [
                    "secretsmanager:DescribeSecret",
                    "secretsmanager:GetSecretValue",
                    "secretsmanager:PutSecretValue",
                    "secretsmanager:UpdateSecretVersionStage"
                ],
                "Resource": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-PLcOFi"
            },
            {
                "Effect": "Allow",
                "Action": "secretsmanager:GetRandomPassword",
                "Resource": "*"
            }
        ]
    }
}

Get lambda resource policy

shell
aws lambda get-policy --function-name secrets-rotator 2>&1 || true
output
aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (ResourceNotFoundException) when calling the GetPolicy operation: The resource you requested does not exist.

Additional error details:
Type: User

[stdout]
aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (ResourceNotFoundException) when calling the GetPolicy operation: The resource you requested does not exist.

Additional error details:
Type: User

Attempt rotate-secret to see current failure

shell
aws secretsmanager rotate-secret --secret-id app/db/password 2>&1 || echo "---failed---"
output
{
    "ARN": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-PLcOFi",
    "Name": "app/db/password",
    "VersionId": "dd734fd9-3aa7-485a-af0e-3162b55ef9c2"
}

[stdout]
{
    "ARN": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-PLcOFi",
    "Name": "app/db/password",
    "VersionId": "dd734fd9-3aa7-485a-af0e-3162b55ef9c2"
}

Check current secret status

shell
sleep 2 && aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id app/db/password | jq '.VersionIdsToStages'
echo "---"
aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id app/db/password | jq '.SecretString, .VersionId'
output
{
  "8f467236-f87b-4cc8-aed0-f75d20522b0a": [
    "AWSCURRENT"
  ],
  "dd734fd9-3aa7-485a-af0e-3162b55ef9c2": [
    "AWSPENDING"
  ]
}
---
"{\"password\": \"initial-placeholder-value\"}"
"8f467236-f87b-4cc8-aed0-f75d20522b0a"

[stdout]
{
  "8f467236-f87b-4cc8-aed0-f75d20522b0a": [
    "AWSCURRENT"
  ],
  "dd734fd9-3aa7-485a-af0e-3162b55ef9c2": [
    "AWSPENDING"
  ]
}
---
"{\"password\": \"initial-placeholder-value\"}"
"8f467236-f87b-4cc8-aed0-f75d20522b0a"
Now I have a clear picture. Three broken layers: 1. `finish_secret` handler is a no-op (never promotes AWSPENDING→AWSCURRENT) 2. IAM role lacks KMS permissions on the CMK 3. Lambda has no resource policy allowing Secrets Manager to invoke it Let me fix the handler first.

/app/handler.py

− removed
def finish_secret(client, arn, token):
    # TODO: promote the AWSPENDING version to AWSCURRENT here.
    # Without this, rotation will appear to succeed from Secrets
    # Manager's orchestrator but AWSCURRENT never advances and
    # consumers keep reading the old password.
    logger.info("finishSecret: (no-op)")
+ added
def finish_secret(client, arn, token):
    desc = client.describe_secret(SecretId=arn)
    current_version = None
    for version_id, stages in desc.get("VersionIdsToStages", {}).items():
        if "AWSCURRENT" in stages:
            if version_id == token:
                logger.info("finishSecret: version %s already AWSCURRENT", token)
                return
            current_version = version_id
            break

    client.update_secret_version_stage(
        SecretId=arn,
        VersionStage="AWSCURRENT",
        MoveToVersionId=token,
        RemoveFromVersionId=current_version,
    )
    logger.info("finishSecret: promoted %s to AWSCURRENT", token)
Now redeploy the Lambda:

Repackage and update Lambda code

shell
cd /tmp && cp /app/handler.py handler.py && zip -q handler.zip handler.py && aws lambda update-function-code --function-name secrets-rotator --zip-file fileb:///tmp/handler.zip --output json | jq '.LastUpdateStatus, .State'
output
"InProgress"
"Active"
Shell cwd was reset to /app

[stdout]
"InProgress"
"Active"
[stderr]

Shell cwd was reset to /app

Wait for Lambda update to complete

shell
for _ in $(seq 1 30); do
  S=$(aws lambda get-function --function-name secrets-rotator --query 'Configuration.LastUpdateStatus' --output text)
  [ "$S" = "Successful" ] && break
  sleep 1
done
echo "LastUpdateStatus: $S"
output
LastUpdateStatus: Successful

[stdout]
LastUpdateStatus: Successful
Now add the Lambda resource policy and fix KMS.

Add Secrets Manager invoke permission to Lambda

shell
SECRET_ARN=$(aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id app/db/password --query ARN --output text)
aws lambda add-permission \
  --function-name secrets-rotator \
  --statement-id SecretsManagerInvoke \
  --action lambda:InvokeFunction \
  --principal secretsmanager.amazonaws.com \
  --source-arn "$SECRET_ARN"
output
{
    "Statement": "{\"Sid\": \"SecretsManagerInvoke\", \"Effect\": \"Allow\", \"Action\": \"lambda:InvokeFunction\", \"Resource\": \"arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:000000000000:function:secrets-rotator\", \"Principal\": {\"Service\": \"secretsmanager.amazonaws.com\"}, \"Condition\": {\"ArnLike\": {\"AWS:SourceArn\": \"arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-PLcOFi\"}}}"
}

[stdout]
{
    "Statement": "{\"Sid\": \"SecretsManagerInvoke\", \"Effect\": \"Allow\", \"Action\": \"lambda:InvokeFunction\", \"Resource\": \"arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:000000000000:function:secrets-rotator\", \"Principal\": {\"Service\": \"secretsmanager.amazonaws.com\"}, \"Condition\": {\"ArnLike\": {\"AWS:SourceArn\": \"arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-PLcOFi\"}}}"
}
Now update the KMS key policy and IAM role policy with least-privilege KMS access.

Get CMK identifiers

shell
KEY_ID=$(aws kms describe-key --key-id alias/app-rotation-key --query 'KeyMetadata.KeyId' --output text)
KEY_ARN=$(aws kms describe-key --key-id alias/app-rotation-key --query 'KeyMetadata.Arn' --output text)
echo "KEY_ID=$KEY_ID"
echo "KEY_ARN=$KEY_ARN"
output
KEY_ID=b44bcb92-dc70-40e7-b176-b059f31bf8d1
KEY_ARN=arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/b44bcb92-dc70-40e7-b176-b059f31bf8d1

[stdout]
KEY_ID=b44bcb92-dc70-40e7-b176-b059f31bf8d1
KEY_ARN=arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/b44bcb92-dc70-40e7-b176-b059f31bf8d1

Update KMS key policy

shell
cat > /tmp/key-policy.json <<'JSON'
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Id": "app-rotation-key-policy",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Sid": "EnableRootAdmin",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": { "AWS": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:root" },
      "Action": "kms:*",
      "Resource": "*"
    },
    {
      "Sid": "AllowSecretsManagerService",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": { "Service": "secretsmanager.amazonaws.com" },
      "Action": [
        "kms:Decrypt",
        "kms:GenerateDataKey",
        "kms:DescribeKey"
      ],
      "Resource": "*"
    },
    {
      "Sid": "AllowRotationLambdaRoleViaSecretsManager",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": { "AWS": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:role/secrets-rotator-role" },
      "Action": [
        "kms:Decrypt",
        "kms:GenerateDataKey",
        "kms:DescribeKey"
      ],
      "Resource": "*",
      "Condition": {
        "StringEquals": {
          "kms:ViaService": "secretsmanager.us-east-1.amazonaws.com"
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}
JSON
aws kms put-key-policy \
  --key-id b44bcb92-dc70-40e7-b176-b059f31bf8d1 \
  --policy-name default \
  --policy file:///tmp/key-policy.json
echo "key policy updated"
output
key policy updated

[stdout]
key policy updated

Update rotation role inline policy

shell
cat > /tmp/role-policy.json <<'JSON'
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "secretsmanager:DescribeSecret",
        "secretsmanager:GetSecretValue",
        "secretsmanager:PutSecretValue",
        "secretsmanager:UpdateSecretVersionStage"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-PLcOFi"
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": "secretsmanager:GetRandomPassword",
      "Resource": "*"
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "kms:Decrypt",
        "kms:GenerateDataKey",
        "kms:DescribeKey"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/b44bcb92-dc70-40e7-b176-b059f31bf8d1",
      "Condition": {
        "StringEquals": {
          "kms:ViaService": "secretsmanager.us-east-1.amazonaws.com"
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}
JSON
aws iam put-role-policy \
  --role-name secrets-rotator-role \
  --policy-name SecretsRotatorPolicy \
  --policy-document file:///tmp/role-policy.json
echo "role policy updated"
output
role policy updated

[stdout]
role policy updated
Now trigger rotation and verify.

Capture before state and trigger rotation

shell
BEFORE=$(aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id app/db/password)
BEFORE_VID=$(echo "$BEFORE" | jq -r '.VersionId')
BEFORE_VAL=$(echo "$BEFORE" | jq -r '.SecretString')
echo "BEFORE VersionId: $BEFORE_VID"
echo "BEFORE Value: $BEFORE_VAL"
echo "---"
aws secretsmanager rotate-secret --secret-id app/db/password
echo "---"
output
BEFORE VersionId: 8f467236-f87b-4cc8-aed0-f75d20522b0a
BEFORE Value: {"password": "initial-placeholder-value"}
---
{
    "ARN": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-PLcOFi",
    "Name": "app/db/password",
    "VersionId": "dd734fd9-3aa7-485a-af0e-3162b55ef9c2"
}
---

[stdout]
BEFORE VersionId: 8f467236-f87b-4cc8-aed0-f75d20522b0a
BEFORE Value: {"password": "initial-placeholder-value"}
---
{
    "ARN": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-PLcOFi",
    "Name": "app/db/password",
    "VersionId": "dd734fd9-3aa7-485a-af0e-3162b55ef9c2"
}
---

Check rotation result

shell
sleep 5
aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id app/db/password | jq '.VersionIdsToStages'
echo "---"
AFTER=$(aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id app/db/password)
echo "$AFTER" | jq '{VersionId: .VersionId, SecretString: .SecretString}'
output
{
  "8f467236-f87b-4cc8-aed0-f75d20522b0a": [
    "AWSPREVIOUS"
  ],
  "dd734fd9-3aa7-485a-af0e-3162b55ef9c2": [
    "AWSPENDING",
    "AWSCURRENT"
  ]
}
---
{
  "VersionId": "dd734fd9-3aa7-485a-af0e-3162b55ef9c2",
  "SecretString": "{\"password\": \"C69fy7GXtajTYxGalejTzSl232T9ObC1\"}"
}

[stdout]
{
  "8f467236-f87b-4cc8-aed0-f75d20522b0a": [
    "AWSPREVIOUS"
  ],
  "dd734fd9-3aa7-485a-af0e-3162b55ef9c2": [
    "AWSPENDING",
    "AWSCURRENT"
  ]
}
---
{
  "VersionId": "dd734fd9-3aa7-485a-af0e-3162b55ef9c2",
  "SecretString": "{\"password\": \"C69fy7GXtajTYxGalejTzSl232T9ObC1\"}"
}
Rotation works. All four requirements met: - `rotate-secret` succeeds - `AWSCURRENT` advanced from `8f467236...` → `dd734fd9...` - Secret value changed from `initial-placeholder-value` to a fresh random password - Prior version labeled `AWSPREVIOUS` Let me run a second rotation to make sure it's repeatable end-to-end.

Second rotation round-trip test

shell
BEFORE_VID=$(aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id app/db/password --query VersionId --output text)
BEFORE_VAL=$(aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id app/db/password --query SecretString --output text)
aws secretsmanager rotate-secret --secret-id app/db/password >/dev/null
sleep 6
AFTER_VID=$(aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id app/db/password --query VersionId --output text)
AFTER_VAL=$(aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id app/db/password --query SecretString --output text)
echo "BEFORE: $BEFORE_VID | $BEFORE_VAL"
echo "AFTER : $AFTER_VID | $AFTER_VAL"
echo "---"
aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id app/db/password | jq '.VersionIdsToStages'
output
BEFORE: dd734fd9-3aa7-485a-af0e-3162b55ef9c2 | {"password": "C69fy7GXtajTYxGalejTzSl232T9ObC1"}
AFTER : c81623f4-9424-4e17-adb0-c44cb842066f | {"password": "Y4FhcI8nWSErJ3HMfU9S81VYhmyG7bQ5"}
---
{
  "dd734fd9-3aa7-485a-af0e-3162b55ef9c2": [
    "AWSPREVIOUS"
  ],
  "c81623f4-9424-4e17-adb0-c44cb842066f": [
    "AWSPENDING",
    "AWSCURRENT"
  ]
}

[stdout]
BEFORE: dd734fd9-3aa7-485a-af0e-3162b55ef9c2 | {"password": "C69fy7GXtajTYxGalejTzSl232T9ObC1"}
AFTER : c81623f4-9424-4e17-adb0-c44cb842066f | {"password": "Y4FhcI8nWSErJ3HMfU9S81VYhmyG7bQ5"}
---
{
  "dd734fd9-3aa7-485a-af0e-3162b55ef9c2": [
    "AWSPREVIOUS"
  ],
  "c81623f4-9424-4e17-adb0-c44cb842066f": [
    "AWSPENDING",
    "AWSCURRENT"
  ]
}
Repeatable rotation confirmed. Summary of fixes: 1. **`/app/handler.py` , `finish_secret`**: implemented the AWSPENDING→AWSCURRENT stage move via `update_secret_version_stage` (was a no-op). 2. **Lambda resource policy**: added `SecretsManagerInvoke` statement allowing `secretsmanager.amazonaws.com` to invoke the function, scoped to the specific secret ARN via `SourceArn`. 3. **KMS key policy**: added two least-privilege statements , one for the Secrets Manager service (`Decrypt`/`GenerateDataKey`/`DescribeKey`), and one for the rotation role restricted by `kms:ViaService = secretsmanager.us-east-1.amazonaws.com`. 4. **`SecretsRotatorPolicy` (IAM role inline)**: added `kms:Decrypt`/`GenerateDataKey`/`DescribeKey` scoped to the CMK ARN with the same `kms:ViaService` condition.
Final diff , what the agent changed

No file changes, the agent left the workspace untouched.

Verifier output , the proof behind the reward
tests/test.sh
============================= test session starts ==============================
platform linux -- Python 3.12.3, pytest-8.4.1, pluggy-1.6.0 -- /root/.cache/uv/archive-v0/ssw4QxpqYKJq5yr2Os018/bin/python
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /tests
plugins: json-ctrf-0.3.5
collecting ... collected 8 items

../tests/test_outputs.py::test_aws_cli_binary_is_real PASSED             [ 12%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_localstack_reachable PASSED               [ 25%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_secret_exists_and_uses_customer_cmk PASSED [ 37%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_rotation_lambda_exists PASSED             [ 50%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_role_policy_grants_kms_actions PASSED     [ 62%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_kms_key_policy_grants_lambda_role PASSED  [ 75%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_lambda_permission_allows_secretsmanager_invoke PASSED [ 87%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_rotate_secret_advances_awscurrent PASSED  [100%]

=============================== warnings summary ===============================
test_outputs.py: 14 warnings
  /root/.cache/uv/archive-v0/ssw4QxpqYKJq5yr2Os018/lib/python3.12/site-packages/botocore/auth.py:424: DeprecationWarning: datetime.datetime.utcnow() is deprecated and scheduled for removal in a future version. Use timezone-aware objects to represent datetimes in UTC: datetime.datetime.now(datetime.UTC).
    datetime_now = datetime.datetime.utcnow()

-- Docs: https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/how-to/capture-warnings.html
==================================== PASSES ====================================
=========================== short test summary info ============================
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_aws_cli_binary_is_real
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_localstack_reachable
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_secret_exists_and_uses_customer_cmk
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_rotation_lambda_exists
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_role_policy_grants_kms_actions
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_kms_key_policy_grants_lambda_role
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_lambda_permission_allows_secretsmanager_invoke
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_rotate_secret_advances_awscurrent
======================== 8 passed, 14 warnings in 6.50s ========================

Reproduce this trial: git checkout 2f94510 && PYTHONPATH=src python3 scripts/build_site.py , then open trial/trial_af341506f3a342cb. Re-running the agent live requires EVAL_PLATFORM_ENABLE_OAUTH_SMOKE=1 and is non-deterministic.

Trial trial_af341506f3a342cb · verifier authoritative; classifier explanatory.