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secrets-rotation-kms

claude-code claude-opus-4-7 ✓ resolved GOOD_SUCCESS ↑ View task
Solved from the instruction alone, tests/ and solution/ were withheld from the agent's workspace and restored only for grading.
Reward = tests/test.sh exit code (0 → resolved); the classification below is post-hoc and cannot change it.
Classification , post-hoc; cannot change the reward
GOOD_SUCCESSLegitimate solve, implements the asked-for behavior; tests verify real functionality.
SubtypeLegitimate Solution
EvidenceAll 8 tests passed including: test_role_policy_grants_kms_actions, test_kms_key_policy_grants_lambda_role, test_lambda_permission_allows_secretsmanager_invoke, test_rotate_secret_advances_awscurrent. The agent correctly diagnosed and fixed: (1) finish_secret handler promoting AWSPENDING→AWSCURRENT via update_secret_version_stage, (2) IAM role policy adding kms:Decrypt/Encrypt/DescribeKey/GenerateDataKey actions, (3) KMS key policy granting the Lambda role encrypt/decrypt/describe permissions, (4) Lambda resource policy allowing secretsmanager.amazonaws.com to invoke the function. Reward=1.0.
Root causeThe agent successfully understood the complex four-layer AWS Secrets Manager rotation architecture from the instruction alone, diagnosed all broken components without access to test files or solution code, and implemented fixes that enabled end-to-end rotation with AWSCURRENT advancing to a new secret version with a different value.
RecommendationN/A - task is fine
Trajectory
Tool-by-tool agent trajectory
14 tool calls · 3 tool types · 20 steps
# Make AWS Secrets Manager rotation actually rotate You are working against a LocalStack AWS endpoint at `http://localstack:4566`. The container already has `aws` (AWS CLI v2), `python3`, `boto3`, `jq`, `zip`, and `curl` installed. `AWS_ENDPOINT_URL`, `AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=test`, `AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=test`, and `AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=us-east-1` are already exported. The environment has been pre-seeded by `/app/setup.sh` with a **partially-deployed, broken-by-design** Secrets Manager rotation setup. You must diagnose what's wrong and make rotation actually advance the secret to a new value. ## Starter resources Every resource below already exists , do not rename or recreate unless you know what you're doing: - **Secret**: `app/db/password`, encrypted with a customer-managed CMK - **KMS CMK**: alias `alias/app-rotation-key` (symmetric ENCRYPT_DECRYPT) - **Rotation Lambda**: function `secrets-rotator`, runtime `python3.11`, source on disk at `/app/handler.py` - **IAM role**: `secrets-rotator-role` (inline policy `SecretsRotatorPolicy`) with the Lambda's execution permissions - **Rotation config** is already attached to the secret (pointing at the rotation Lambda), but invoking it fails , the layers needed to actually carry out the rotation are broken. ## Required outcome After your fix, running ```bash aws secretsmanager rotate-secret --secret-id app/db/password ``` must: 1. **Succeed without error.** 2. **Advance `AWSCURRENT`** to a fresh version ID , the version that holds the `AWSCURRENT` label after rotation must be different from the version that held it before, and the string value returned by `get-secret-value` must change. 3. **Label the prior version as `AWSPREVIOUS`.** The verifier inspects both the end-to-end behaviour and the shape of the underlying IAM / KMS / Lambda configuration. Least privilege matters , the grader reads policy documents directly. The rotation Lambda source lives at `/app/handler.py`; redeploy with `aws lambda update-function-code --zip-file fileb://...`. LocalStack spawns Lambda containers on the shared compose network, so `http://localstack:4566` is reachable from inside the function.

List app directory and view setup script

shell
ls /app/ && cat /app/setup.sh 2>/dev/null | head -200
output
handler.py
setup.sh
starter
#!/bin/bash
# Seeds LocalStack with the broken-by-design state the agent inherits:
#   - customer-managed KMS CMK (alias alias/app-rotation-key)
#   - Secrets Manager secret encrypted with that CMK
#   - IAM role for the rotation Lambda (with deliberately incomplete policy)
#   - Rotation Lambda (with a subtle bug in finishSecret)
#   - Rotation configured on the secret, pointing at the Lambda
#
# The task expects these resources to already exist when the agent starts
# working. The agent must find the bugs and make `rotate-secret` actually
# advance AWSCURRENT end-to-end.

set -euo pipefail

REGION="${AWS_DEFAULT_REGION:-us-east-1}"
ACCOUNT_ID="000000000000"
SECRET_NAME="app/db/password"
ROLE_NAME="secrets-rotator-role"
FUNCTION="secrets-rotator"
KEY_ALIAS="alias/app-rotation-key"

log() { echo "[setup] $*" >&2; }

log "waiting for localstack health..."
for _ in $(seq 1 60); do
  if curl -sf http://localstack:4566/_localstack/health | grep -q '"secretsmanager": "available"'; then
    break
  fi
  sleep 2
done

# 1. CMK with a minimal key policy (root admin only , no grant for the
#    rotation Lambda role yet).
log "creating KMS CMK"
KEY_POLICY=$(cat <<JSON
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Id": "app-rotation-key-policy",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Sid": "EnableRootAdmin",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": { "AWS": "arn:aws:iam::${ACCOUNT_ID}:root" },
      "Action": "kms:*",
      "Resource": "*"
    }
  ]
}
JSON
)
KEY_ID=$(aws kms create-key \
  --description "Customer CMK for app/db/password" \
  --key-usage ENCRYPT_DECRYPT \
  --policy "$KEY_POLICY" \
  --query 'KeyMetadata.KeyId' --output text)
aws kms create-alias --alias-name "$KEY_ALIAS" --target-key-id "$KEY_ID" >/dev/null
KEY_ARN="arn:aws:kms:${REGION}:${ACCOUNT_ID}:key/${KEY_ID}"
log "created CMK $KEY_ID"

# 2. Secret, encrypted with the CMK.
log "creating secret"
aws secretsmanager create-secret \
  --name "$SECRET_NAME" \
  --kms-key-id "$KEY_ARN" \
  --secret-string '{"password": "initial-placeholder-value"}' \
  --description "App DB password, rotated by Lambda" >/dev/null

SECRET_ARN=$(aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id "$SECRET_NAME" \
  --query 'ARN' --output text)
log "created secret $SECRET_ARN"

# 3. IAM role for the rotation Lambda. Deliberately incomplete , has
#    secretsmanager:* but no KMS actions. The broken state the agent
#    inherits.
log "creating rotation Lambda role"
TRUST=$(cat <<'JSON'
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {"Effect": "Allow", "Principal": {"Service": "lambda.amazonaws.com"}, "Action": "sts:AssumeRole"}
  ]
}
JSON
)
aws iam create-role \
  --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" \
  --assume-role-policy-document "$TRUST" >/dev/null

aws iam attach-role-policy \
  --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" \
  --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/service-role/AWSLambdaBasicExecutionRole

INLINE=$(cat <<JSON
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "secretsmanager:DescribeSecret",
        "secretsmanager:GetSecretValue",
        "secretsmanager:PutSecretValue",
        "secretsmanager:UpdateSecretVersionStage"
      ],
      "Resource": "${SECRET_ARN}"
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": "secretsmanager:GetRandomPassword",
      "Resource": "*"
    }
  ]
}
JSON
)
aws iam put-role-policy \
  --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" \
  --policy-name SecretsRotatorPolicy \
  --policy-document "$INLINE"

ROLE_ARN=$(aws iam get-role --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" --query 'Role.Arn' --output text)
log "created role $ROLE_ARN"

# 4. Package + deploy the rotation Lambda (with its buggy handler).
log "packaging rotation Lambda"
WORKDIR="$(mktemp -d)"
cp /app/handler.py "${WORKDIR}/handler.py"
(cd "$WORKDIR" && zip -q handler.zip handler.py)

aws lambda create-function \
  --function-name "$FUNCTION" \
  --runtime python3.11 \
  --role "$ROLE_ARN" \
  --handler handler.lambda_handler \
  --timeout 30 \
  --memory-size 256 \
  --environment "Variables={SECRETS_MANAGER_ENDPOINT=http://localstack:4566}" \
  --zip-file "fileb://${WORKDIR}/handler.zip" >/dev/null

for _ in $(seq 1 30); do
  STATE=$(aws lambda get-function --function-name "$FUNCTION" \
    --query 'Configuration.State' --output text 2>/dev/null || echo "Pending")
  [ "$STATE" = "Active" ] && break
  sleep 1
done
log "Lambda $FUNCTION active"

# NOTE: deliberately NOT calling `aws lambda add-permission` with
# principal secretsmanager.amazonaws.com. The agent must add that.

# 5. Attach rotation config on the secret. Secrets Manager refuses to
#    attach unless the rotation Lambda already grants it InvokeFunction,
#    so we temporarily add that permission, attach rotation, then remove
#    the permission so the agent still has to re-add it as part of their
#    fix. Net result: RotationEnabled=true but rotation fails at runtime
#    because of the other broken layers (KMS grants, handler bug, Lambda
#    resource policy).
log "attaching rotation config (temp Lambda permission)"
FUNCTION_ARN="arn:aws:lambda:${REGION}:${ACCOUNT_ID}:function:${FUNCTION}"
aws lambda add-permission \
  --function-name "$FUNCTION" \
  --statement-id TempRotationSetup \
  --action lambda:InvokeFunction \
  --principal secretsmanager.amazonaws.com \
  --source-arn "$SECRET_ARN" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true

if aws secretsmanager rotate-secret \
     --secret-id "$SECRET_NAME" \
     --rotation-lambda-arn "$FUNCTION_ARN" \
     --rotation-rules AutomaticallyAfterDays=30 \
     --no-rotate-immediately >/dev/null 2>&1; then
  log "rotation attached (no immediate trigger)"
elif aws secretsmanager rotate-secret \
       --secret-id "$SECRET_NAME" \
       --rotation-lambda-arn "$FUNCTION_ARN" \
       --rotation-rules AutomaticallyAfterDays=30 >/dev/null 2>&1; then
  log "rotation attached (first run may have fired)"
else
  log "rotate-secret failed even with temp permission , check LocalStack compat"
fi

# Strip the temp permission so the agent still has to add it.
aws lambda remove-permission \
  --function-name "$FUNCTION" \
  --statement-id TempRotationSetup >/dev/null 2>&1 || true

log "done"

[stdout]
handler.py
setup.sh
starter
#!/bin/bash
# Seeds LocalStack with the broken-by-design state the agent inherits:
#   - customer-managed KMS CMK (alias alias/app-rotation-key)
#   - Secrets Manager secret encrypted with that CMK
#   - IAM role for the rotation Lambda (with deliberately incomplete policy)
#   - Rotation Lambda (with a subtle bug in finishSecret)
#   - Rotation configured on the secret, pointing at the Lambda
#
# The task expects these resources to already exist when the agent starts
# working. The agent must find the bugs and make `rotate-secret` actually
# advance AWSCURRENT end-to-end.

set -euo pipefail

REGION="${AWS_DEFAULT_REGION:-us-east-1}"
ACCOUNT_ID="000000000000"
SECRET_NAME="app/db/password"
ROLE_NAME="secrets-rotator-role"
FUNCTION="secrets-rotator"
KEY_ALIAS="alias/app-rotation-key"

log() { echo "[setup] $*" >&2; }

log "waiting for localstack health..."
for _ in $(seq 1 60); do
  if curl -sf http://localstack:4566/_localstack/health | grep -q '"secretsmanager": "available"'; then
    break
  fi
  sleep 2
done

# 1. CMK with a minimal key policy (root admin only , no grant for the
#    rotation Lambda role yet).
log "creating KMS CMK"
KEY_POLICY=$(cat <<JSON
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Id": "app-rotation-key-policy",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Sid": "EnableRootAdmin",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": { "AWS": "arn:aws:iam::${ACCOUNT_ID}:root" },
      "Action": "kms:*",
      "Resource": "*"
    }
  ]
}
JSON
)
KEY_ID=$(aws kms create-key \
  --description "Customer CMK for app/db/password" \
  --key-usage ENCRYPT_DECRYPT \
  --policy "$KEY_POLICY" \
  --query 'KeyMetadata.KeyId' --output text)
aws kms create-alias --alias-name "$KEY_ALIAS" --target-key-id "$KEY_ID" >/dev/null
KEY_ARN="arn:aws:kms:${REGION}:${ACCOUNT_ID}:key/${KEY_ID}"
log "created CMK $KEY_ID"

# 2. Secret, encrypted with the CMK.
log "creating secret"
aws secretsmanager create-secret \
  --name "$SECRET_NAME" \
  --kms-key-id "$KEY_ARN" \
  --secret-string '{"password": "initial-placeholder-value"}' \
  --description "App DB password, rotated by Lambda" >/dev/null

SECRET_ARN=$(aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id "$SECRET_NAME" \
  --query 'ARN' --output text)
log "created secret $SECRET_ARN"

# 3. IAM role for the rotation Lambda. Deliberately incomplete , has
#    secretsmanager:* but no KMS actions. The broken state the agent
#    inherits.
log "creating rotation Lambda role"
TRUST=$(cat <<'JSON'
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {"Effect": "Allow", "Principal": {"Service": "lambda.amazonaws.com"}, "Action": "sts:AssumeRole"}
  ]
}
JSON
)
aws iam create-role \
  --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" \
  --assume-role-policy-document "$TRUST" >/dev/null

aws iam attach-role-policy \
  --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" \
  --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/service-role/AWSLambdaBasicExecutionRole

INLINE=$(cat <<JSON
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "secretsmanager:DescribeSecret",
        "secretsmanager:GetSecretValue",
        "secretsmanager:PutSecretValue",
        "secretsmanager:UpdateSecretVersionStage"
      ],
      "Resource": "${SECRET_ARN}"
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": "secretsmanager:GetRandomPassword",
      "Resource": "*"
    }
  ]
}
JSON
)
aws iam put-role-policy \
  --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" \
  --policy-name SecretsRotatorPolicy \
  --policy-document "$INLINE"

ROLE_ARN=$(aws iam get-role --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" --query 'Role.Arn' --output text)
log "created role $ROLE_ARN"

# 4. Package + deploy the rotation Lambda (with its buggy handler).
log "packaging rotation Lambda"
WORKDIR="$(mktemp -d)"
cp /app/handler.py "${WORKDIR}/handler.py"
(cd "$WORKDIR" && zip -q handler.zip handler.py)

aws lambda create-function \
  --function-name "$FUNCTION" \
  --runtime python3.11 \
  --role "$ROLE_ARN" \
  --handler handler.lambda_handler \
  --timeout 30 \
  --memory-size 256 \
  --environment "Variables={SECRETS_MANAGER_ENDPOINT=http://localstack:4566}" \
  --zip-file "fileb://${WORKDIR}/handler.zip" >/dev/null

for _ in $(seq 1 30); do
  STATE=$(aws lambda get-function --function-name "$FUNCTION" \
    --query 'Configuration.State' --output text 2>/dev/null || echo "Pending")
  [ "$STATE" = "Active" ] && break
  sleep 1
done
log "Lambda $FUNCTION active"

# NOTE: deliberately NOT calling `aws lambda add-permission` with
# principal secretsmanager.amazonaws.com. The agent must add that.

# 5. Attach rotation config on the secret. Secrets Manager refuses to
#    attach unless the rotation Lambda already grants it InvokeFunction,
#    so we temporarily add that permission, attach rotation, then remove
#    the permission so the agent still has to re-add it as part of their
#    fix. Net result: RotationEnabled=true but rotation fails at runtime
#    because of the other broken layers (KMS grants, handler bug, Lambda
#    resource policy).
log "attaching rotation config (temp Lambda permission)"
FUNCTION_ARN="arn:aws:lambda:${REGION}:${ACCOUNT_ID}:function:${FUNCTION}"
aws lambda add-permission \
  --function-name "$FUNCTION" \
  --statement-id TempRotationSetup \
  --action lambda:InvokeFunction \
  --principal secretsmanager.amazonaws.com \
  --source-arn "$SECRET_ARN" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true

if aws secretsmanager rotate-secret \
     --secret-id "$SECRET_NAME" \
     --rotation-lambda-arn "$FUNCTION_ARN" \
     --rotation-rules AutomaticallyAfterDays=30 \
     --no-rotate-immediately >/dev/null 2>&1; then
  log "rotation attached (no immediate trigger)"
elif aws secretsmanager rotate-secret \
       --secret-id "$SECRET_NAME" \
       --rotation-lambda-arn "$FUNCTION_ARN" \
       --rotation-rules AutomaticallyAfterDays=30 >/dev/null 2>&1; then
  log "rotation attached (first run may have fired)"
else
  log "rotate-secret failed even with temp permission , check LocalStack compat"
fi

# Strip the temp permission so the agent still has to add it.
aws lambda remove-permission \
  --function-name "$FUNCTION" \
  --statement-id TempRotationSetup >/dev/null 2>&1 || true

log "done"

/app/handler.py

contents
1	# Rotation Lambda for AWS Secrets Manager, "single-user" pattern
2	# (no external database, value is self-contained).
3	#
4	# Secrets Manager calls this function 4 times in sequence per rotation,
5	# passing a Step field: createSecret, setSecret, testSecret, finishSecret.
6	# Each step must return cleanly for the rotation to advance.
7	#
8	# Reference:
9	#   https://docs.aws.amazon.com/secretsmanager/latest/userguide/rotate-secrets_lambda-functions.html
10	
11	import json
12	import logging
13	import os
14	
15	import boto3
16	
17	logger = logging.getLogger()
18	logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
19	
20	ENDPOINT = os.environ.get("SECRETS_MANAGER_ENDPOINT") or os.environ.get(
21	    "AWS_ENDPOINT_URL"
22	)
23	
24	
25	def _client():
26	    return boto3.client("secretsmanager", endpoint_url=ENDPOINT) if ENDPOINT else boto3.client("secretsmanager")
27	
28	
29	def lambda_handler(event, context):
30	    arn = event["SecretId"]
31	    token = event["ClientRequestToken"]
32	    step = event["Step"]
33	
34	    client = _client()
35	
36	    desc = client.describe_secret(SecretId=arn)
37	    if not desc.get("RotationEnabled"):
38	        logger.error("Secret %s is not enabled for rotation", arn)
39	        raise ValueError(f"Secret {arn} is not enabled for rotation")
40	
41	    versions = desc.get("VersionIdsToStages", {})
42	    if token not in versions:
43	        logger.error("Secret version %s has no stage for rotation of %s", token, arn)
44	        raise ValueError(f"Secret version {token} has no stage for rotation of secret {arn}")
45	    if "AWSCURRENT" in versions[token]:
46	        logger.info("Secret version %s already AWSCURRENT for %s", token, arn)
47	        return
48	    if "AWSPENDING" not in versions[token]:
49	        logger.error("Secret version %s not staged as AWSPENDING for %s", token, arn)
50	        raise ValueError(f"Secret version {token} not set as AWSPENDING for rotation of secret {arn}")
51	
52	    if step == "createSecret":
53	        create_secret(client, arn, token)
54	    elif step == "setSecret":
55	        set_secret(client, arn, token)
56	    elif step == "testSecret":
57	        test_secret(client, arn, token)
58	    elif step == "finishSecret":
59	        finish_secret(client, arn, token)
60	    else:
61	        raise ValueError(f"Invalid step parameter: {step}")
62	
63	
64	def create_secret(client, arn, token):
65	    # Generate a new candidate value and stash it as AWSPENDING.
66	    client.get_secret_value(SecretId=arn, VersionStage="AWSCURRENT")
67	
68	    try:
69	        client.get_secret_value(SecretId=arn, VersionId=token, VersionStage="AWSPENDING")
70	        logger.info("createSecret: pending version %s already exists", token)
71	    except client.exceptions.ResourceNotFoundException:
72	        password = client.get_random_password(PasswordLength=32, ExcludePunctuation=True)
73	        client.put_secret_value(
74	            SecretId=arn,
75	            ClientRequestToken=token,
76	            SecretString=json.dumps({"password": password["RandomPassword"]}),
77	            VersionStages=["AWSPENDING"],
78	        )
79	        logger.info("createSecret: stored new AWSPENDING version %s", token)
80	
81	
82	def set_secret(client, arn, token):
83	    # No external system to update for a self-contained secret; validate
84	    # that both AWSCURRENT and AWSPENDING are readable and move on.
85	    client.get_secret_value(SecretId=arn, VersionStage="AWSCURRENT")
86	    client.get_secret_value(SecretId=arn, VersionId=token, VersionStage="AWSPENDING")
87	    logger.info("setSecret: both stages readable")
88	
89	
90	def test_secret(client, arn, token):
91	    # Sanity-check the pending value parses as JSON with a non-empty
92	    # password field. Real handlers would attempt a login here.
93	    pending = client.get_secret_value(SecretId=arn, VersionId=token, VersionStage="AWSPENDING")
94	    parsed = json.loads(pending["SecretString"])
95	    if not parsed.get("password"):
96	        raise ValueError("testSecret: pending value has no password")
97	    logger.info("testSecret: pending value validated")
98	
99	
100	def finish_secret(client, arn, token):
101	    # TODO: promote the AWSPENDING version to AWSCURRENT here.
102	    # Without this, rotation will appear to succeed from Secrets
103	    # Manager's orchestrator but AWSCURRENT never advances and
104	    # consumers keep reading the old password.
105	    logger.info("finishSecret: (no-op)")
106

Describe current secret state

shell
aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id app/db/password 2>&1
output
{
    "ARN": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-goqRSZ",
    "Name": "app/db/password",
    "Description": "App DB password, rotated by Lambda",
    "KmsKeyId": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/d4743a2c-843d-4b4f-a23d-e2125c185960",
    "RotationEnabled": true,
    "RotationLambdaARN": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:000000000000:function:secrets-rotator",
    "RotationRules": {
        "AutomaticallyAfterDays": 30
    },
    "LastRotatedDate": "2026-04-22T19:36:59+00:00",
    "LastChangedDate": "2026-04-22T19:36:55.563000+00:00",
    "LastAccessedDate": "2026-04-22T00:00:00+00:00",
    "NextRotationDate": "2026-05-22T19:36:54+00:00",
    "VersionIdsToStages": {
        "47f72e74-4dcc-48a7-8fd7-77bec90c4386": [
            "AWSCURRENT"
        ],
        "13140d44-8143-40f8-8e8a-602809ea919d": [
            "AWSPENDING"
        ]
    },
    "CreatedDate": "2026-04-22T19:36:45.341312+00:00"
}

[stdout]
{
    "ARN": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-goqRSZ",
    "Name": "app/db/password",
    "Description": "App DB password, rotated by Lambda",
    "KmsKeyId": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/d4743a2c-843d-4b4f-a23d-e2125c185960",
    "RotationEnabled": true,
    "RotationLambdaARN": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:000000000000:function:secrets-rotator",
    "RotationRules": {
        "AutomaticallyAfterDays": 30
    },
    "LastRotatedDate": "2026-04-22T19:36:59+00:00",
    "LastChangedDate": "2026-04-22T19:36:55.563000+00:00",
    "LastAccessedDate": "2026-04-22T00:00:00+00:00",
    "NextRotationDate": "2026-05-22T19:36:54+00:00",
    "VersionIdsToStages": {
        "47f72e74-4dcc-48a7-8fd7-77bec90c4386": [
            "AWSCURRENT"
        ],
        "13140d44-8143-40f8-8e8a-602809ea919d": [
            "AWSPENDING"
        ]
    },
    "CreatedDate": "2026-04-22T19:36:45.341312+00:00"
}

Check Lambda policy and role policy

shell
aws lambda get-policy --function-name secrets-rotator 2>&1; echo "---"; aws iam get-role-policy --role-name secrets-rotator-role --policy-name SecretsRotatorPolicy 2>&1
output
aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (ResourceNotFoundException) when calling the GetPolicy operation: The resource you requested does not exist.

Additional error details:
Type: User
---
{
    "RoleName": "secrets-rotator-role",
    "PolicyName": "SecretsRotatorPolicy",
    "PolicyDocument": {
        "Version": "2012-10-17",
        "Statement": [
            {
                "Effect": "Allow",
                "Action": [
                    "secretsmanager:DescribeSecret",
                    "secretsmanager:GetSecretValue",
                    "secretsmanager:PutSecretValue",
                    "secretsmanager:UpdateSecretVersionStage"
                ],
                "Resource": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-goqRSZ"
            },
            {
                "Effect": "Allow",
                "Action": "secretsmanager:GetRandomPassword",
                "Resource": "*"
            }
        ]
    }
}

[stdout]
aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (ResourceNotFoundException) when calling the GetPolicy operation: The resource you requested does not exist.

Additional error details:
Type: User
---
{
    "RoleName": "secrets-rotator-role",
    "PolicyName": "SecretsRotatorPolicy",
    "PolicyDocument": {
        "Version": "2012-10-17",
        "Statement": [
            {
                "Effect": "Allow",
                "Action": [
                    "secretsmanager:DescribeSecret",
                    "secretsmanager:GetSecretValue",
                    "secretsmanager:PutSecretValue",
                    "secretsmanager:UpdateSecretVersionStage"
                ],
                "Resource": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-goqRSZ"
            },
            {
                "Effect": "Allow",
                "Action": "secretsmanager:GetRandomPassword",
                "Resource": "*"
            }
        ]
    }
}

Check KMS key policy

shell
aws kms describe-key --key-id alias/app-rotation-key 2>&1; echo "---"; aws kms get-key-policy --key-id alias/app-rotation-key --policy-name default 2>&1
output
{
    "KeyMetadata": {
        "AWSAccountId": "000000000000",
        "KeyId": "d4743a2c-843d-4b4f-a23d-e2125c185960",
        "Arn": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/d4743a2c-843d-4b4f-a23d-e2125c185960",
        "CreationDate": "2026-04-22T19:36:44.599004+00:00",
        "Enabled": true,
        "Description": "Customer CMK for app/db/password",
        "KeyUsage": "ENCRYPT_DECRYPT",
        "KeyState": "Enabled",
        "Origin": "AWS_KMS",
        "KeyManager": "CUSTOMER",
        "CustomerMasterKeySpec": "SYMMETRIC_DEFAULT",
        "KeySpec": "SYMMETRIC_DEFAULT",
        "EncryptionAlgorithms": [
            "SYMMETRIC_DEFAULT"
        ],
        "MultiRegion": false,
        "CurrentKeyMaterialId": "36b96cf345b851568746f057987d41c836b96cf345b851568746f057987d41c8"
    }
}
---
{
    "Policy": "{\n  \"Version\": \"2012-10-17\",\n  \"Id\": \"app-rotation-key-policy\",\n  \"Statement\": [\n    {\n      \"Sid\": \"EnableRootAdmin\",\n      \"Effect\": \"Allow\",\n      \"Principal\": { \"AWS\": \"arn:aws:iam::000000000000:root\" },\n      \"Action\": \"kms:*\",\n      \"Resource\": \"*\"\n    }\n  ]\n}"
}

[stdout]
{
    "KeyMetadata": {
        "AWSAccountId": "000000000000",
        "KeyId": "d4743a2c-843d-4b4f-a23d-e2125c185960",
        "Arn": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/d4743a2c-843d-4b4f-a23d-e2125c185960",
        "CreationDate": "2026-04-22T19:36:44.599004+00:00",
        "Enabled": true,
        "Description": "Customer CMK for app/db/password",
        "KeyUsage": "ENCRYPT_DECRYPT",
        "KeyState": "Enabled",
        "Origin": "AWS_KMS",
        "KeyManager": "CUSTOMER",
        "CustomerMasterKeySpec": "SYMMETRIC_DEFAULT",
        "KeySpec": "SYMMETRIC_DEFAULT",
        "EncryptionAlgorithms": [
            "SYMMETRIC_DEFAULT"
        ],
        "MultiRegion": false,
        "CurrentKeyMaterialId": "36b96cf345b851568746f057987d41c836b96cf345b851568746f057987d41c8"
    }
}
---
{
    "Policy": "{\n  \"Version\": \"2012-10-17\",\n  \"Id\": \"app-rotation-key-policy\",\n  \"Statement\": [\n    {\n      \"Sid\": \"EnableRootAdmin\",\n      \"Effect\": \"Allow\",\n      \"Principal\": { \"AWS\": \"arn:aws:iam::000000000000:root\" },\n      \"Action\": \"kms:*\",\n      \"Resource\": \"*\"\n    }\n  ]\n}"
}
Now I have a full picture of what's broken. Let me identify the issues: 1. **Handler `finish_secret` is a no-op** , needs to promote AWSPENDING → AWSCURRENT 2. **IAM role missing KMS permissions** , can't decrypt/encrypt the secret 3. **KMS key policy only grants to root** , doesn't allow the Lambda's role to use the key 4. **Lambda resource policy missing** , Secrets Manager can't invoke the Lambda 5. A stuck AWSPENDING version from a failed rotation Let me fix the handler first.

/app/handler.py

− removed
def finish_secret(client, arn, token):
    # TODO: promote the AWSPENDING version to AWSCURRENT here.
    # Without this, rotation will appear to succeed from Secrets
    # Manager's orchestrator but AWSCURRENT never advances and
    # consumers keep reading the old password.
    logger.info("finishSecret: (no-op)")
+ added
def finish_secret(client, arn, token):
    desc = client.describe_secret(SecretId=arn)
    current_version = None
    for version_id, stages in desc.get("VersionIdsToStages", {}).items():
        if "AWSCURRENT" in stages:
            if version_id == token:
                logger.info("finishSecret: %s already AWSCURRENT", token)
                return
            current_version = version_id
            break
    client.update_secret_version_stage(
        SecretId=arn,
        VersionStage="AWSCURRENT",
        MoveToVersionId=token,
        RemoveFromVersionId=current_version,
    )
    logger.info("finishSecret: moved AWSCURRENT from %s to %s", current_version, token)
Now redeploy the Lambda and fix the IAM, KMS, and Lambda permission layers.

Repackage and redeploy Lambda

shell
WORKDIR=$(mktemp -d) && cp /app/handler.py "$WORKDIR/" && (cd "$WORKDIR" && zip -q handler.zip handler.py) && aws lambda update-function-code --function-name secrets-rotator --zip-file "fileb://${WORKDIR}/handler.zip" --query 'LastUpdateStatus' --output text && sleep 2 && aws lambda get-function --function-name secrets-rotator --query 'Configuration.[State,LastUpdateStatus]' --output text
output
InProgress
Active	Successful

[stdout]
InProgress
Active	Successful

Capture ARNs for configuration

shell
SECRET_ARN=$(aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id app/db/password --query 'ARN' --output text)
KEY_ARN=$(aws kms describe-key --key-id alias/app-rotation-key --query 'KeyMetadata.Arn' --output text)
ROLE_ARN=$(aws iam get-role --role-name secrets-rotator-role --query 'Role.Arn' --output text)
echo "SECRET_ARN=$SECRET_ARN"
echo "KEY_ARN=$KEY_ARN"
echo "ROLE_ARN=$ROLE_ARN"
output
SECRET_ARN=arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-goqRSZ
KEY_ARN=arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/d4743a2c-843d-4b4f-a23d-e2125c185960
ROLE_ARN=arn:aws:iam::000000000000:role/secrets-rotator-role

[stdout]
SECRET_ARN=arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-goqRSZ
KEY_ARN=arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/d4743a2c-843d-4b4f-a23d-e2125c185960
ROLE_ARN=arn:aws:iam::000000000000:role/secrets-rotator-role

Update IAM role policy with KMS permissions

shell
SECRET_ARN="arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-goqRSZ"
KEY_ARN="arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/d4743a2c-843d-4b4f-a23d-e2125c185960"

cat > /tmp/role-policy.json <<JSON
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "secretsmanager:DescribeSecret",
        "secretsmanager:GetSecretValue",
        "secretsmanager:PutSecretValue",
        "secretsmanager:UpdateSecretVersionStage"
      ],
      "Resource": "${SECRET_ARN}"
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": "secretsmanager:GetRandomPassword",
      "Resource": "*"
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "kms:Decrypt",
        "kms:GenerateDataKey"
      ],
      "Resource": "${KEY_ARN}",
      "Condition": {
        "StringEquals": {
          "kms:ViaService": "secretsmanager.us-east-1.amazonaws.com"
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}
JSON

aws iam put-role-policy \
  --role-name secrets-rotator-role \
  --policy-name SecretsRotatorPolicy \
  --policy-document file:///tmp/role-policy.json
echo "role policy updated"
output
role policy updated

[stdout]
role policy updated

Update KMS key policy to grant role access

shell
cat > /tmp/key-policy.json <<'JSON'
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Id": "app-rotation-key-policy",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Sid": "EnableRootAdmin",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": { "AWS": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:root" },
      "Action": "kms:*",
      "Resource": "*"
    },
    {
      "Sid": "AllowRotationLambdaUseViaSecretsManager",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": { "AWS": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:role/secrets-rotator-role" },
      "Action": [
        "kms:Decrypt",
        "kms:GenerateDataKey"
      ],
      "Resource": "*",
      "Condition": {
        "StringEquals": {
          "kms:ViaService": "secretsmanager.us-east-1.amazonaws.com"
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}
JSON

aws kms put-key-policy \
  --key-id alias/app-rotation-key \
  --policy-name default \
  --policy file:///tmp/key-policy.json
echo "key policy updated"
output
key policy updated

[stdout]
key policy updated

Add Secrets Manager invoke permission to Lambda

shell
SECRET_ARN="arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-goqRSZ"
aws lambda add-permission \
  --function-name secrets-rotator \
  --statement-id SecretsManagerRotate \
  --action lambda:InvokeFunction \
  --principal secretsmanager.amazonaws.com \
  --source-arn "$SECRET_ARN"
output
{
    "Statement": "{\"Sid\": \"SecretsManagerRotate\", \"Effect\": \"Allow\", \"Action\": \"lambda:InvokeFunction\", \"Resource\": \"arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:000000000000:function:secrets-rotator\", \"Principal\": {\"Service\": \"secretsmanager.amazonaws.com\"}, \"Condition\": {\"ArnLike\": {\"AWS:SourceArn\": \"arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-goqRSZ\"}}}"
}

[stdout]
{
    "Statement": "{\"Sid\": \"SecretsManagerRotate\", \"Effect\": \"Allow\", \"Action\": \"lambda:InvokeFunction\", \"Resource\": \"arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:000000000000:function:secrets-rotator\", \"Principal\": {\"Service\": \"secretsmanager.amazonaws.com\"}, \"Condition\": {\"ArnLike\": {\"AWS:SourceArn\": \"arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-goqRSZ\"}}}"
}
Now let me check the state and run the rotation. First clear the stuck AWSPENDING from the prior failed run.

Clear stuck AWSPENDING version

shell
CURRENT=$(aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id app/db/password --query 'VersionId' --output text)
echo "AWSCURRENT version before: $CURRENT"
aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id app/db/password --query 'SecretString' --output text
echo "---"
# Clear stuck AWSPENDING
PENDING=$(aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id app/db/password --query 'VersionIdsToStages' --output json | python3 -c "import sys,json; d=json.load(sys.stdin); print(next((v for v,s in d.items() if 'AWSPENDING' in s and 'AWSCURRENT' not in s), ''))")
if [ -n "$PENDING" ]; then
  echo "clearing stuck AWSPENDING version: $PENDING"
  aws secretsmanager update-secret-version-stage --secret-id app/db/password --version-stage AWSPENDING --remove-from-version-id "$PENDING"
fi
aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id app/db/password --query 'VersionIdsToStages'
output
AWSCURRENT version before: 47f72e74-4dcc-48a7-8fd7-77bec90c4386
{"password": "initial-placeholder-value"}
---
clearing stuck AWSPENDING version: 13140d44-8143-40f8-8e8a-602809ea919d
{
    "ARN": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-goqRSZ",
    "Name": "app/db/password"
}
{
    "47f72e74-4dcc-48a7-8fd7-77bec90c4386": [
        "AWSCURRENT"
    ]
}

[stdout]
AWSCURRENT version before: 47f72e74-4dcc-48a7-8fd7-77bec90c4386
{"password": "initial-placeholder-value"}
---
clearing stuck AWSPENDING version: 13140d44-8143-40f8-8e8a-602809ea919d
{
    "ARN": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-goqRSZ",
    "Name": "app/db/password"
}
{
    "47f72e74-4dcc-48a7-8fd7-77bec90c4386": [
        "AWSCURRENT"
    ]
}
Now trigger rotation.

Trigger rotation

shell
aws secretsmanager rotate-secret --secret-id app/db/password 2>&1
output
{
    "ARN": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-goqRSZ",
    "Name": "app/db/password",
    "VersionId": "c9a790c7-2311-4f4a-a716-733fc8ecff9d"
}

[stdout]
{
    "ARN": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-goqRSZ",
    "Name": "app/db/password",
    "VersionId": "c9a790c7-2311-4f4a-a716-733fc8ecff9d"
}

Check rotation result

shell
sleep 5
echo "=== describe-secret ==="
aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id app/db/password --query 'VersionIdsToStages'
echo ""
echo "=== get-secret-value AWSCURRENT ==="
aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id app/db/password --query '[VersionId,SecretString]' --output text
output
=== describe-secret ===
{
    "47f72e74-4dcc-48a7-8fd7-77bec90c4386": [
        "AWSPREVIOUS"
    ],
    "c9a790c7-2311-4f4a-a716-733fc8ecff9d": [
        "AWSPENDING",
        "AWSCURRENT"
    ]
}

=== get-secret-value AWSCURRENT ===
c9a790c7-2311-4f4a-a716-733fc8ecff9d	{"password": "5quBPPWCOTsYPrCDrjEWzwFvqiNtXwG9"}

[stdout]
=== describe-secret ===
{
    "47f72e74-4dcc-48a7-8fd7-77bec90c4386": [
        "AWSPREVIOUS"
    ],
    "c9a790c7-2311-4f4a-a716-733fc8ecff9d": [
        "AWSPENDING",
        "AWSCURRENT"
    ]
}

=== get-secret-value AWSCURRENT ===
c9a790c7-2311-4f4a-a716-733fc8ecff9d	{"password": "5quBPPWCOTsYPrCDrjEWzwFvqiNtXwG9"}
Rotation succeeded end-to-end: - `rotate-secret` returned with no error - `AWSCURRENT` advanced from `47f72e74…` → `c9a790c7…` - The previous current is now labeled `AWSPREVIOUS` - `SecretString` changed from `initial-placeholder-value` to a freshly-generated random password ### What was fixed 1. **`finish_secret` in `/app/handler.py`** , replaced the no-op with an `update_secret_version_stage` call that moves `AWSCURRENT` from the old version to the new one (`handler.py:100`). 2. **IAM role `SecretsRotatorPolicy`** , added `kms:Decrypt` and `kms:GenerateDataKey` scoped to the specific CMK ARN, guarded by `kms:ViaService = secretsmanager.us-east-1.amazonaws.com`. 3. **KMS key policy** , added a statement granting the rotator role the same two KMS actions with the same `kms:ViaService` condition (least privilege; root admin statement retained). 4. **Lambda resource policy** , added an `lambda:InvokeFunction` permission for principal `secretsmanager.amazonaws.com` with `SourceArn` scoped to the secret ARN. 5. Cleared a stuck `AWSPENDING` staged by the setup script's aborted initial rotation so the fresh rotation wasn't blocked.
Final diff , what the agent changed

No file changes, the agent left the workspace untouched.

Verifier output , the proof behind the reward
tests/test.sh
============================= test session starts ==============================
platform linux -- Python 3.12.3, pytest-8.4.1, pluggy-1.6.0 -- /root/.cache/uv/archive-v0/opfF8Xes-D2pUs5uwd8hT/bin/python
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /tests
plugins: json-ctrf-0.3.5
collecting ... collected 8 items

../tests/test_outputs.py::test_aws_cli_binary_is_real PASSED             [ 12%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_localstack_reachable PASSED               [ 25%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_secret_exists_and_uses_customer_cmk PASSED [ 37%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_rotation_lambda_exists PASSED             [ 50%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_role_policy_grants_kms_actions PASSED     [ 62%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_kms_key_policy_grants_lambda_role PASSED  [ 75%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_lambda_permission_allows_secretsmanager_invoke PASSED [ 87%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_rotate_secret_advances_awscurrent PASSED  [100%]

=============================== warnings summary ===============================
test_outputs.py: 14 warnings
  /root/.cache/uv/archive-v0/opfF8Xes-D2pUs5uwd8hT/lib/python3.12/site-packages/botocore/auth.py:424: DeprecationWarning: datetime.datetime.utcnow() is deprecated and scheduled for removal in a future version. Use timezone-aware objects to represent datetimes in UTC: datetime.datetime.now(datetime.UTC).
    datetime_now = datetime.datetime.utcnow()

-- Docs: https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/how-to/capture-warnings.html
==================================== PASSES ====================================
=========================== short test summary info ============================
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_aws_cli_binary_is_real
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_localstack_reachable
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_secret_exists_and_uses_customer_cmk
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_rotation_lambda_exists
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_role_policy_grants_kms_actions
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_kms_key_policy_grants_lambda_role
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_lambda_permission_allows_secretsmanager_invoke
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_rotate_secret_advances_awscurrent
======================== 8 passed, 14 warnings in 6.59s ========================

Reproduce this trial: git checkout 2f94510 && PYTHONPATH=src python3 scripts/build_site.py , then open trial/trial_ca22c4bf94cc436e. Re-running the agent live requires EVAL_PLATFORM_ENABLE_OAUTH_SMOKE=1 and is non-deterministic.

Trial trial_ca22c4bf94cc436e · verifier authoritative; classifier explanatory.