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SyncVals · Trajectory

secrets-rotation-kms

claude-code claude-opus-4-7 ✗ failed GOOD_FAILURE ↑ View task
Solved from the instruction alone, tests/ and solution/ were withheld from the agent's workspace and restored only for grading.
Reward = tests/test.sh exit code (0 → resolved); the classification below is post-hoc and cannot change it.
Classification , post-hoc; cannot change the reward
GOOD_FAILUREHonest miss, the agent ran correctly but couldn't solve it. Expected for a hard task; the task is sound.
SubtypeIncomplete Understanding
EvidenceTest `test_kms_key_policy_grants_lambda_role` failed with: 'KMS key policy on alias/app-rotation-key has no Allow statement granting [\"kms:Decrypt\", \"kms:GenerateDataKey\"] to principal arn:aws:iam::000000000000:role/secrets-rotator-role.' The agent's trajectory shows it read handler.py (identifying the finish_secret no-op bug), diagnosed setup.sh and checked KMS/IAM/Lambda resources, but only fixed the handler function. The agent did not modify the KMS key policy to grant the Lambda role the required KMS actions, nor did it re-add the Lambda resource-based policy for secretsmanager invocation.
Root causeThe agent correctly diagnosed one of three broken components (the handler's finish_secret no-op) but failed to identify and fix the other two critical issues: missing KMS key policy statement for the Lambda role and missing Lambda resource policy for secretsmanager. The instruction mentions these broken layers but does not explicitly list which specific policy documents need changes, requiring the agent to fully explore the infrastructure state.
RecommendationN/A - task is fine. The task is well-specified with a clear end-to-end requirement and reasonable hints. The agent needed to diagnose all three issues: (1) Lambda handler finish_secret no-op, (2) KMS key policy missing Lambda role permissions, (3) Lambda resource policy missing secretsmanager invocation permission. This is appropriately challenging for a hard task.
Trajectory
Tool-by-tool agent trajectory
13 tool calls · 3 tool types · 21 steps
# Make AWS Secrets Manager rotation actually rotate You are working against a LocalStack AWS endpoint at `http://localstack:4566`. The container already has `aws` (AWS CLI v2), `python3`, `boto3`, `jq`, `zip`, and `curl` installed. `AWS_ENDPOINT_URL`, `AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=test`, `AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=test`, and `AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=us-east-1` are already exported. The environment has been pre-seeded by `/app/setup.sh` with a **partially-deployed, broken-by-design** Secrets Manager rotation setup. You must diagnose what's wrong and make rotation actually advance the secret to a new value. ## Starter resources Every resource below already exists , do not rename or recreate unless you know what you're doing: - **Secret**: `app/db/password`, encrypted with a customer-managed CMK - **KMS CMK**: alias `alias/app-rotation-key` (symmetric ENCRYPT_DECRYPT) - **Rotation Lambda**: function `secrets-rotator`, runtime `python3.11`, source on disk at `/app/handler.py` - **IAM role**: `secrets-rotator-role` (inline policy `SecretsRotatorPolicy`) with the Lambda's execution permissions - **Rotation config** is already attached to the secret (pointing at the rotation Lambda), but invoking it fails , the layers needed to actually carry out the rotation are broken. ## Required outcome After your fix, running ```bash aws secretsmanager rotate-secret --secret-id app/db/password ``` must: 1. **Succeed without error.** 2. **Advance `AWSCURRENT`** to a fresh version ID , the version that holds the `AWSCURRENT` label after rotation must be different from the version that held it before, and the string value returned by `get-secret-value` must change. 3. **Label the prior version as `AWSPREVIOUS`.** The verifier inspects both the end-to-end behaviour and the shape of the underlying IAM / KMS / Lambda configuration. Least privilege matters , the grader reads policy documents directly. The rotation Lambda source lives at `/app/handler.py`; redeploy with `aws lambda update-function-code --zip-file fileb://...`. LocalStack spawns Lambda containers on the shared compose network, so `http://localstack:4566` is reachable from inside the function.

List files in /app directory

shell
ls -la /app/
output
total 28
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Apr 22 19:10 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Apr 23 05:36 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4137 Apr 22 19:10 handler.py
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6097 Apr 22 19:10 setup.sh
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 22 19:10 starter

[stdout]
total 28
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Apr 22 19:10 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Apr 23 05:36 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4137 Apr 22 19:10 handler.py
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6097 Apr 22 19:10 setup.sh
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 22 19:10 starter

/app/handler.py

contents
1	# Rotation Lambda for AWS Secrets Manager, "single-user" pattern
2	# (no external database, value is self-contained).
3	#
4	# Secrets Manager calls this function 4 times in sequence per rotation,
5	# passing a Step field: createSecret, setSecret, testSecret, finishSecret.
6	# Each step must return cleanly for the rotation to advance.
7	#
8	# Reference:
9	#   https://docs.aws.amazon.com/secretsmanager/latest/userguide/rotate-secrets_lambda-functions.html
10	
11	import json
12	import logging
13	import os
14	
15	import boto3
16	
17	logger = logging.getLogger()
18	logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
19	
20	ENDPOINT = os.environ.get("SECRETS_MANAGER_ENDPOINT") or os.environ.get(
21	    "AWS_ENDPOINT_URL"
22	)
23	
24	
25	def _client():
26	    return boto3.client("secretsmanager", endpoint_url=ENDPOINT) if ENDPOINT else boto3.client("secretsmanager")
27	
28	
29	def lambda_handler(event, context):
30	    arn = event["SecretId"]
31	    token = event["ClientRequestToken"]
32	    step = event["Step"]
33	
34	    client = _client()
35	
36	    desc = client.describe_secret(SecretId=arn)
37	    if not desc.get("RotationEnabled"):
38	        logger.error("Secret %s is not enabled for rotation", arn)
39	        raise ValueError(f"Secret {arn} is not enabled for rotation")
40	
41	    versions = desc.get("VersionIdsToStages", {})
42	    if token not in versions:
43	        logger.error("Secret version %s has no stage for rotation of %s", token, arn)
44	        raise ValueError(f"Secret version {token} has no stage for rotation of secret {arn}")
45	    if "AWSCURRENT" in versions[token]:
46	        logger.info("Secret version %s already AWSCURRENT for %s", token, arn)
47	        return
48	    if "AWSPENDING" not in versions[token]:
49	        logger.error("Secret version %s not staged as AWSPENDING for %s", token, arn)
50	        raise ValueError(f"Secret version {token} not set as AWSPENDING for rotation of secret {arn}")
51	
52	    if step == "createSecret":
53	        create_secret(client, arn, token)
54	    elif step == "setSecret":
55	        set_secret(client, arn, token)
56	    elif step == "testSecret":
57	        test_secret(client, arn, token)
58	    elif step == "finishSecret":
59	        finish_secret(client, arn, token)
60	    else:
61	        raise ValueError(f"Invalid step parameter: {step}")
62	
63	
64	def create_secret(client, arn, token):
65	    # Generate a new candidate value and stash it as AWSPENDING.
66	    client.get_secret_value(SecretId=arn, VersionStage="AWSCURRENT")
67	
68	    try:
69	        client.get_secret_value(SecretId=arn, VersionId=token, VersionStage="AWSPENDING")
70	        logger.info("createSecret: pending version %s already exists", token)
71	    except client.exceptions.ResourceNotFoundException:
72	        password = client.get_random_password(PasswordLength=32, ExcludePunctuation=True)
73	        client.put_secret_value(
74	            SecretId=arn,
75	            ClientRequestToken=token,
76	            SecretString=json.dumps({"password": password["RandomPassword"]}),
77	            VersionStages=["AWSPENDING"],
78	        )
79	        logger.info("createSecret: stored new AWSPENDING version %s", token)
80	
81	
82	def set_secret(client, arn, token):
83	    # No external system to update for a self-contained secret; validate
84	    # that both AWSCURRENT and AWSPENDING are readable and move on.
85	    client.get_secret_value(SecretId=arn, VersionStage="AWSCURRENT")
86	    client.get_secret_value(SecretId=arn, VersionId=token, VersionStage="AWSPENDING")
87	    logger.info("setSecret: both stages readable")
88	
89	
90	def test_secret(client, arn, token):
91	    # Sanity-check the pending value parses as JSON with a non-empty
92	    # password field. Real handlers would attempt a login here.
93	    pending = client.get_secret_value(SecretId=arn, VersionId=token, VersionStage="AWSPENDING")
94	    parsed = json.loads(pending["SecretString"])
95	    if not parsed.get("password"):
96	        raise ValueError("testSecret: pending value has no password")
97	    logger.info("testSecret: pending value validated")
98	
99	
100	def finish_secret(client, arn, token):
101	    # TODO: promote the AWSPENDING version to AWSCURRENT here.
102	    # Without this, rotation will appear to succeed from Secrets
103	    # Manager's orchestrator but AWSCURRENT never advances and
104	    # consumers keep reading the old password.
105	    logger.info("finishSecret: (no-op)")
106

/app/setup.sh

contents
1	#!/bin/bash
2	# Seeds LocalStack with the broken-by-design state the agent inherits:
3	#   - customer-managed KMS CMK (alias alias/app-rotation-key)
4	#   - Secrets Manager secret encrypted with that CMK
5	#   - IAM role for the rotation Lambda (with deliberately incomplete policy)
6	#   - Rotation Lambda (with a subtle bug in finishSecret)
7	#   - Rotation configured on the secret, pointing at the Lambda
8	#
9	# The task expects these resources to already exist when the agent starts
10	# working. The agent must find the bugs and make `rotate-secret` actually
11	# advance AWSCURRENT end-to-end.
12	
13	set -euo pipefail
14	
15	REGION="${AWS_DEFAULT_REGION:-us-east-1}"
16	ACCOUNT_ID="000000000000"
17	SECRET_NAME="app/db/password"
18	ROLE_NAME="secrets-rotator-role"
19	FUNCTION="secrets-rotator"
20	KEY_ALIAS="alias/app-rotation-key"
21	
22	log() { echo "[setup] $*" >&2; }
23	
24	log "waiting for localstack health..."
25	for _ in $(seq 1 60); do
26	  if curl -sf http://localstack:4566/_localstack/health | grep -q '"secretsmanager": "available"'; then
27	    break
28	  fi
29	  sleep 2
30	done
31	
32	# 1. CMK with a minimal key policy (root admin only , no grant for the
33	#    rotation Lambda role yet).
34	log "creating KMS CMK"
35	KEY_POLICY=$(cat <<JSON
36	{
37	  "Version": "2012-10-17",
38	  "Id": "app-rotation-key-policy",
39	  "Statement": [
40	    {
41	      "Sid": "EnableRootAdmin",
42	      "Effect": "Allow",
43	      "Principal": { "AWS": "arn:aws:iam::${ACCOUNT_ID}:root" },
44	      "Action": "kms:*",
45	      "Resource": "*"
46	    }
47	  ]
48	}
49	JSON
50	)
51	KEY_ID=$(aws kms create-key \
52	  --description "Customer CMK for app/db/password" \
53	  --key-usage ENCRYPT_DECRYPT \
54	  --policy "$KEY_POLICY" \
55	  --query 'KeyMetadata.KeyId' --output text)
56	aws kms create-alias --alias-name "$KEY_ALIAS" --target-key-id "$KEY_ID" >/dev/null
57	KEY_ARN="arn:aws:kms:${REGION}:${ACCOUNT_ID}:key/${KEY_ID}"
58	log "created CMK $KEY_ID"
59	
60	# 2. Secret, encrypted with the CMK.
61	log "creating secret"
62	aws secretsmanager create-secret \
63	  --name "$SECRET_NAME" \
64	  --kms-key-id "$KEY_ARN" \
65	  --secret-string '{"password": "initial-placeholder-value"}' \
66	  --description "App DB password, rotated by Lambda" >/dev/null
67	
68	SECRET_ARN=$(aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id "$SECRET_NAME" \
69	  --query 'ARN' --output text)
70	log "created secret $SECRET_ARN"
71	
72	# 3. IAM role for the rotation Lambda. Deliberately incomplete , has
73	#    secretsmanager:* but no KMS actions. The broken state the agent
74	#    inherits.
75	log "creating rotation Lambda role"
76	TRUST=$(cat <<'JSON'
77	{
78	  "Version": "2012-10-17",
79	  "Statement": [
80	    {"Effect": "Allow", "Principal": {"Service": "lambda.amazonaws.com"}, "Action": "sts:AssumeRole"}
81	  ]
82	}
83	JSON
84	)
85	aws iam create-role \
86	  --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" \
87	  --assume-role-policy-document "$TRUST" >/dev/null
88	
89	aws iam attach-role-policy \
90	  --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" \
91	  --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/service-role/AWSLambdaBasicExecutionRole
92	
93	INLINE=$(cat <<JSON
94	{
95	  "Version": "2012-10-17",
96	  "Statement": [
97	    {
98	      "Effect": "Allow",
99	      "Action": [
100	        "secretsmanager:DescribeSecret",
101	        "secretsmanager:GetSecretValue",
102	        "secretsmanager:PutSecretValue",
103	        "secretsmanager:UpdateSecretVersionStage"
104	      ],
105	      "Resource": "${SECRET_ARN}"
106	    },
107	    {
108	      "Effect": "Allow",
109	      "Action": "secretsmanager:GetRandomPassword",
110	      "Resource": "*"
111	    }
112	  ]
113	}
114	JSON
115	)
116	aws iam put-role-policy \
117	  --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" \
118	  --policy-name SecretsRotatorPolicy \
119	  --policy-document "$INLINE"
120	
121	ROLE_ARN=$(aws iam get-role --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" --query 'Role.Arn' --output text)
122	log "created role $ROLE_ARN"
123	
124	# 4. Package + deploy the rotation Lambda (with its buggy handler).
125	log "packaging rotation Lambda"
126	WORKDIR="$(mktemp -d)"
127	cp /app/handler.py "${WORKDIR}/handler.py"
128	(cd "$WORKDIR" && zip -q handler.zip handler.py)
129	
130	aws lambda create-function \
131	  --function-name "$FUNCTION" \
132	  --runtime python3.11 \
133	  --role "$ROLE_ARN" \
134	  --handler handler.lambda_handler \
135	  --timeout 30 \
136	  --memory-size 256 \
137	  --environment "Variables={SECRETS_MANAGER_ENDPOINT=http://localstack:4566}" \
138	  --zip-file "fileb://${WORKDIR}/handler.zip" >/dev/null
139	
140	for _ in $(seq 1 30); do
141	  STATE=$(aws lambda get-function --function-name "$FUNCTION" \
142	    --query 'Configuration.State' --output text 2>/dev/null || echo "Pending")
143	  [ "$STATE" = "Active" ] && break
144	  sleep 1
145	done
146	log "Lambda $FUNCTION active"
147	
148	# NOTE: deliberately NOT calling `aws lambda add-permission` with
149	# principal secretsmanager.amazonaws.com. The agent must add that.
150	
151	# 5. Attach rotation config on the secret. Secrets Manager refuses to
152	#    attach unless the rotation Lambda already grants it InvokeFunction,
153	#    so we temporarily add that permission, attach rotation, then remove
154	#    the permission so the agent still has to re-add it as part of their
155	#    fix. Net result: RotationEnabled=true but rotation fails at runtime
156	#    because of the other broken layers (KMS grants, handler bug, Lambda
157	#    resource policy).
158	log "attaching rotation config (temp Lambda permission)"
159	FUNCTION_ARN="arn:aws:lambda:${REGION}:${ACCOUNT_ID}:function:${FUNCTION}"
160	aws lambda add-permission \
161	  --function-name "$FUNCTION" \
162	  --statement-id TempRotationSetup \
163	  --action lambda:InvokeFunction \
164	  --principal secretsmanager.amazonaws.com \
165	  --source-arn "$SECRET_ARN" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
166	
167	if aws secretsmanager rotate-secret \
168	     --secret-id "$SECRET_NAME" \
169	     --rotation-lambda-arn "$FUNCTION_ARN" \
170	     --rotation-rules AutomaticallyAfterDays=30 \
171	     --no-rotate-immediately >/dev/null 2>&1; then
172	  log "rotation attached (no immediate trigger)"
173	elif aws secretsmanager rotate-secret \
174	       --secret-id "$SECRET_NAME" \
175	       --rotation-lambda-arn "$FUNCTION_ARN" \
176	       --rotation-rules AutomaticallyAfterDays=30 >/dev/null 2>&1; then
177	  log "rotation attached (first run may have fired)"
178	else
179	  log "rotate-secret failed even with temp permission , check LocalStack compat"
180	fi
181	
182	# Strip the temp permission so the agent still has to add it.
183	aws lambda remove-permission \
184	  --function-name "$FUNCTION" \
185	  --statement-id TempRotationSetup >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
186	
187	log "done"
188

Describe the secret

shell
aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id app/db/password
output
{
    "ARN": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-vqTQFV",
    "Name": "app/db/password",
    "Description": "App DB password, rotated by Lambda",
    "KmsKeyId": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/b33eb077-636f-4783-8ed0-4f04eff43809",
    "RotationEnabled": true,
    "RotationLambdaARN": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:000000000000:function:secrets-rotator",
    "RotationRules": {
        "AutomaticallyAfterDays": 30
    },
    "LastRotatedDate": "2026-04-23T05:36:25+00:00",
    "LastChangedDate": "2026-04-23T05:36:21.865000+00:00",
    "LastAccessedDate": "2026-04-23T00:00:00+00:00",
    "NextRotationDate": "2026-05-23T05:36:20+00:00",
    "VersionIdsToStages": {
        "4c8f5613-6189-4001-b747-7b7db64bbe9d": [
            "AWSCURRENT"
        ],
        "584dea21-2260-49f4-8ee9-cdde89f985f2": [
            "AWSPENDING"
        ]
    },
    "CreatedDate": "2026-04-23T05:36:13.533154+00:00"
}

[stdout]
{
    "ARN": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-vqTQFV",
    "Name": "app/db/password",
    "Description": "App DB password, rotated by Lambda",
    "KmsKeyId": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:000000000000:key/b33eb077-636f-4783-8ed0-4f04eff43809",
    "RotationEnabled": true,
    "RotationLambdaARN": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:000000000000:function:secrets-rotator",
    "RotationRules": {
        "AutomaticallyAfterDays": 30
    },
    "LastRotatedDate": "2026-04-23T05:36:25+00:00",
    "LastChangedDate": "2026-04-23T05:36:21.865000+00:00",
    "LastAccessedDate": "2026-04-23T00:00:00+00:00",
    "NextRotationDate": "2026-05-23T05:36:20+00:00",
    "VersionIdsToStages": {
        "4c8f5613-6189-4001-b747-7b7db64bbe9d": [
            "AWSCURRENT"
        ],
        "584dea21-2260-49f4-8ee9-cdde89f985f2": [
            "AWSPENDING"
        ]
    },
    "CreatedDate": "2026-04-23T05:36:13.533154+00:00"
}

Check lambda policy and IAM role

shell
aws lambda get-policy --function-name secrets-rotator 2>&1 | head -30; echo "---"; aws iam get-role-policy --role-name secrets-rotator-role --policy-name SecretsRotatorPolicy
output
aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (ResourceNotFoundException) when calling the GetPolicy operation: The resource you requested does not exist.

Additional error details:
Type: User
---
{
    "RoleName": "secrets-rotator-role",
    "PolicyName": "SecretsRotatorPolicy",
    "PolicyDocument": {
        "Version": "2012-10-17",
        "Statement": [
            {
                "Effect": "Allow",
                "Action": [
                    "secretsmanager:DescribeSecret",
                    "secretsmanager:GetSecretValue",
                    "secretsmanager:PutSecretValue",
                    "secretsmanager:UpdateSecretVersionStage"
                ],
                "Resource": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-vqTQFV"
            },
            {
                "Effect": "Allow",
                "Action": "secretsmanager:GetRandomPassword",
                "Resource": "*"
            }
        ]
    }
}

[stdout]
aws: [ERROR]: An error occurred (ResourceNotFoundException) when calling the GetPolicy operation: The resource you requested does not exist.

Additional error details:
Type: User
---
{
    "RoleName": "secrets-rotator-role",
    "PolicyName": "SecretsRotatorPolicy",
    "PolicyDocument": {
        "Version": "2012-10-17",
        "Statement": [
            {
                "Effect": "Allow",
                "Action": [
                    "secretsmanager:DescribeSecret",
                    "secretsmanager:GetSecretValue",
                    "secretsmanager:PutSecretValue",
                    "secretsmanager:UpdateSecretVersionStage"
                ],
                "Resource": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-vqTQFV"
            },
            {
                "Effect": "Allow",
                "Action": "secretsmanager:GetRandomPassword",
                "Resource": "*"
            }
        ]
    }
}

Check KMS key policy and grants

shell
aws kms get-key-policy --key-id alias/app-rotation-key --policy-name default; echo "---grants---"; aws kms list-grants --key-id alias/app-rotation-key
output
{
    "Policy": "{\n  \"Version\": \"2012-10-17\",\n  \"Id\": \"app-rotation-key-policy\",\n  \"Statement\": [\n    {\n      \"Sid\": \"EnableRootAdmin\",\n      \"Effect\": \"Allow\",\n      \"Principal\": { \"AWS\": \"arn:aws:iam::000000000000:root\" },\n      \"Action\": \"kms:*\",\n      \"Resource\": \"*\"\n    }\n  ]\n}"
}
---grants---
{
    "Grants": []
}

[stdout]
{
    "Policy": "{\n  \"Version\": \"2012-10-17\",\n  \"Id\": \"app-rotation-key-policy\",\n  \"Statement\": [\n    {\n      \"Sid\": \"EnableRootAdmin\",\n      \"Effect\": \"Allow\",\n      \"Principal\": { \"AWS\": \"arn:aws:iam::000000000000:root\" },\n      \"Action\": \"kms:*\",\n      \"Resource\": \"*\"\n    }\n  ]\n}"
}
---grants---
{
    "Grants": []
}
I have the full picture now. Three problems: 1. **Lambda resource policy** missing `secretsmanager.amazonaws.com` → `lambda:InvokeFunction` permission. 2. **IAM role** has no KMS actions on the CMK (or equivalent KMS grant). 3. **`finish_secret`** is a no-op , never promotes AWSPENDING to AWSCURRENT. Let me fix the handler first.

/app/handler.py

− removed
def finish_secret(client, arn, token):
    # TODO: promote the AWSPENDING version to AWSCURRENT here.
    # Without this, rotation will appear to succeed from Secrets
    # Manager's orchestrator but AWSCURRENT never advances and
    # consumers keep reading the old password.
    logger.info("finishSecret: (no-op)")
+ added
def finish_secret(client, arn, token):
    metadata = client.describe_secret(SecretId=arn)
    current_version = None
    for version, stages in metadata["VersionIdsToStages"].items():
        if "AWSCURRENT" in stages:
            if version == token:
                logger.info("finishSecret: version %s already AWSCURRENT", token)
                return
            current_version = version
            break

    client.update_secret_version_stage(
        SecretId=arn,
        VersionStage="AWSCURRENT",
        MoveToVersionId=token,
        RemoveFromVersionId=current_version,
    )
    logger.info("finishSecret: promoted %s to AWSCURRENT", token)
Now re-deploy the Lambda, add the Secrets Manager invoke permission, and grant the role KMS access on the CMK.

Repackage and update Lambda code

shell
WORKDIR=$(mktemp -d) && cp /app/handler.py "$WORKDIR/handler.py" && (cd "$WORKDIR" && zip -q handler.zip handler.py) && aws lambda update-function-code --function-name secrets-rotator --zip-file "fileb://${WORKDIR}/handler.zip" --query 'LastUpdateStatus' --output text
output
InProgress

[stdout]
InProgress

Wait for Lambda update to complete

shell
for _ in $(seq 1 30); do STATE=$(aws lambda get-function --function-name secrets-rotator --query 'Configuration.LastUpdateStatus' --output text); [ "$STATE" = "Successful" ] && break; sleep 1; done; echo "Update status: $STATE"
output
Update status: Successful

[stdout]
Update status: Successful
Now add the Lambda resource policy permission for Secrets Manager:

Add Lambda resource policy for Secrets Manager

shell
SECRET_ARN=$(aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id app/db/password --query 'ARN' --output text)
aws lambda add-permission \
  --function-name secrets-rotator \
  --statement-id AllowSecretsManagerInvoke \
  --action lambda:InvokeFunction \
  --principal secretsmanager.amazonaws.com \
  --source-arn "$SECRET_ARN"
output
{
    "Statement": "{\"Sid\": \"AllowSecretsManagerInvoke\", \"Effect\": \"Allow\", \"Action\": \"lambda:InvokeFunction\", \"Resource\": \"arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:000000000000:function:secrets-rotator\", \"Principal\": {\"Service\": \"secretsmanager.amazonaws.com\"}, \"Condition\": {\"ArnLike\": {\"AWS:SourceArn\": \"arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-vqTQFV\"}}}"
}

[stdout]
{
    "Statement": "{\"Sid\": \"AllowSecretsManagerInvoke\", \"Effect\": \"Allow\", \"Action\": \"lambda:InvokeFunction\", \"Resource\": \"arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:000000000000:function:secrets-rotator\", \"Principal\": {\"Service\": \"secretsmanager.amazonaws.com\"}, \"Condition\": {\"ArnLike\": {\"AWS:SourceArn\": \"arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-vqTQFV\"}}}"
}
Now add least-privilege KMS permissions to the rotation role's inline policy:

Add KMS permissions to the role's inline policy

shell
SECRET_ARN=$(aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id app/db/password --query 'ARN' --output text)
KEY_ARN=$(aws kms describe-key --key-id alias/app-rotation-key --query 'KeyMetadata.Arn' --output text)
cat > /tmp/inline-policy.json <<JSON
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "secretsmanager:DescribeSecret",
        "secretsmanager:GetSecretValue",
        "secretsmanager:PutSecretValue",
        "secretsmanager:UpdateSecretVersionStage"
      ],
      "Resource": "${SECRET_ARN}"
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": "secretsmanager:GetRandomPassword",
      "Resource": "*"
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "kms:Decrypt",
        "kms:GenerateDataKey"
      ],
      "Resource": "${KEY_ARN}",
      "Condition": {
        "StringEquals": {
          "kms:ViaService": "secretsmanager.us-east-1.amazonaws.com"
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}
JSON
aws iam put-role-policy --role-name secrets-rotator-role --policy-name SecretsRotatorPolicy --policy-document file:///tmp/inline-policy.json
echo "policy updated"
output
policy updated

[stdout]
policy updated
Now test rotation end-to-end:

Trigger rotation and inspect result

shell
echo "=== BEFORE ==="; aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id app/db/password --query '{VersionId:VersionId,SecretString:SecretString}'
echo
echo "=== rotate-secret ==="
aws secretsmanager rotate-secret --secret-id app/db/password
echo
sleep 3
echo "=== AFTER ==="
aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id app/db/password --query 'VersionIdsToStages'
aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id app/db/password --query '{VersionId:VersionId,SecretString:SecretString}'
output
=== BEFORE ===
{
    "VersionId": "4c8f5613-6189-4001-b747-7b7db64bbe9d",
    "SecretString": "{\"password\": \"initial-placeholder-value\"}"
}

=== rotate-secret ===
{
    "ARN": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-vqTQFV",
    "Name": "app/db/password",
    "VersionId": "584dea21-2260-49f4-8ee9-cdde89f985f2"
}

=== AFTER ===
{
    "4c8f5613-6189-4001-b747-7b7db64bbe9d": [
        "AWSPREVIOUS"
    ],
    "584dea21-2260-49f4-8ee9-cdde89f985f2": [
        "AWSPENDING",
        "AWSCURRENT"
    ]
}
{
    "VersionId": "584dea21-2260-49f4-8ee9-cdde89f985f2",
    "SecretString": "{\"password\": \"hstyhuXZoon6l2pp3vD65eQjVkeCZvI9\"}"
}

[stdout]
=== BEFORE ===
{
    "VersionId": "4c8f5613-6189-4001-b747-7b7db64bbe9d",
    "SecretString": "{\"password\": \"initial-placeholder-value\"}"
}

=== rotate-secret ===
{
    "ARN": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-vqTQFV",
    "Name": "app/db/password",
    "VersionId": "584dea21-2260-49f4-8ee9-cdde89f985f2"
}

=== AFTER ===
{
    "4c8f5613-6189-4001-b747-7b7db64bbe9d": [
        "AWSPREVIOUS"
    ],
    "584dea21-2260-49f4-8ee9-cdde89f985f2": [
        "AWSPENDING",
        "AWSCURRENT"
    ]
}
{
    "VersionId": "584dea21-2260-49f4-8ee9-cdde89f985f2",
    "SecretString": "{\"password\": \"hstyhuXZoon6l2pp3vD65eQjVkeCZvI9\"}"
}
All three requirements met. Let me verify rotation is idempotent and a second run also advances correctly:

Second rotation test

shell
echo "=== SECOND ROTATION ==="
aws secretsmanager rotate-secret --secret-id app/db/password
sleep 3
aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id app/db/password --query 'VersionIdsToStages'
aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id app/db/password --query '{VersionId:VersionId,SecretString:SecretString}'
output
=== SECOND ROTATION ===
{
    "ARN": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-vqTQFV",
    "Name": "app/db/password",
    "VersionId": "84912c5f-4983-48e8-be9d-913cae973c51"
}
{
    "584dea21-2260-49f4-8ee9-cdde89f985f2": [
        "AWSPREVIOUS"
    ],
    "84912c5f-4983-48e8-be9d-913cae973c51": [
        "AWSPENDING",
        "AWSCURRENT"
    ]
}
{
    "VersionId": "84912c5f-4983-48e8-be9d-913cae973c51",
    "SecretString": "{\"password\": \"GSvAFwoOOhqPXGHrstdzYmUTapg5xwU8\"}"
}

[stdout]
=== SECOND ROTATION ===
{
    "ARN": "arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-east-1:000000000000:secret:app/db/password-vqTQFV",
    "Name": "app/db/password",
    "VersionId": "84912c5f-4983-48e8-be9d-913cae973c51"
}
{
    "584dea21-2260-49f4-8ee9-cdde89f985f2": [
        "AWSPREVIOUS"
    ],
    "84912c5f-4983-48e8-be9d-913cae973c51": [
        "AWSPENDING",
        "AWSCURRENT"
    ]
}
{
    "VersionId": "84912c5f-4983-48e8-be9d-913cae973c51",
    "SecretString": "{\"password\": \"GSvAFwoOOhqPXGHrstdzYmUTapg5xwU8\"}"
}
Rotation is working cleanly and repeatably. Summary of fixes: 1. **`/app/handler.py:finish_secret`** , Replaced the no-op with `update_secret_version_stage` that moves `AWSCURRENT` from the old version to the pending token, which automatically demotes the old version to `AWSPREVIOUS`. Redeployed via `update-function-code`. 2. **Lambda resource policy** , Added `AllowSecretsManagerInvoke` statement granting `lambda:InvokeFunction` to `secretsmanager.amazonaws.com`, scoped via `SourceArn` condition to the specific secret ARN (not `*`). 3. **IAM role inline policy** , Added `kms:Decrypt` and `kms:GenerateDataKey` on the specific CMK ARN (not `*`), gated by a `kms:ViaService = secretsmanager.us-east-1.amazonaws.com` condition so the key can only be used via Secrets Manager. The existing Secrets Manager statements remain scoped to the single secret ARN. End-state: `rotate-secret` advances `AWSCURRENT` to a fresh version ID, secret string changes each rotation, and the prior version is labeled `AWSPREVIOUS`.
Final diff , what the agent changed

No file changes, the agent left the workspace untouched.

Verifier output , the proof behind the reward
tests/test.sh
============================= test session starts ==============================
platform linux -- Python 3.12.3, pytest-8.4.1, pluggy-1.6.0 -- /root/.cache/uv/archive-v0/A4vyHVsuIjTl4bXahx1Ex/bin/python
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /tests
plugins: json-ctrf-0.3.5
collecting ... collected 8 items

../tests/test_outputs.py::test_aws_cli_binary_is_real PASSED             [ 12%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_localstack_reachable PASSED               [ 25%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_secret_exists_and_uses_customer_cmk PASSED [ 37%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_rotation_lambda_exists PASSED             [ 50%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_role_policy_grants_kms_actions PASSED     [ 62%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_kms_key_policy_grants_lambda_role FAILED  [ 75%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_lambda_permission_allows_secretsmanager_invoke PASSED [ 87%]
../tests/test_outputs.py::test_rotate_secret_advances_awscurrent PASSED  [100%]

=================================== FAILURES ===================================
____________________ test_kms_key_policy_grants_lambda_role ____________________

iam = <botocore.client.IAM object at 0xffff83e8c950>
kms = <botocore.client.KMS object at 0xffff847db7a0>

    def test_kms_key_policy_grants_lambda_role(iam, kms):
        role_arn = iam.get_role(RoleName=ROLE_NAME)["Role"]["Arn"]
        policy_str = kms.get_key_policy(KeyId=KEY_ALIAS, PolicyName="default")["Policy"]
        policy = json.loads(policy_str)
        match = False
        for st in policy.get("Statement", []):
            if _statement_matches(
                st,
                principal_arn=role_arn,
                required_actions=REQUIRED_KMS_ACTIONS,
            ):
                match = True
                break
>       assert match, (
            f"KMS key policy on {KEY_ALIAS} has no Allow statement granting "
            f"{sorted(REQUIRED_KMS_ACTIONS)} to principal {role_arn}. Key "
            f"policy: {policy_str}"
        )
E       AssertionError: KMS key policy on alias/app-rotation-key has no Allow statement granting ['kms:Decrypt', 'kms:GenerateDataKey'] to principal arn:aws:iam::000000000000:role/secrets-rotator-role. Key policy: {
E           "Version": "2012-10-17",
E           "Id": "app-rotation-key-policy",
E           "Statement": [
E             {
E               "Sid": "EnableRootAdmin",
E               "Effect": "Allow",
E               "Principal": { "AWS": "arn:aws:iam::000000000000:root" },
E               "Action": "kms:*",
E               "Resource": "*"
E             }
E           ]
E         }
E       assert False

/tests/test_outputs.py:256: AssertionError
=============================== warnings summary ===============================
test_outputs.py: 14 warnings
  /root/.cache/uv/archive-v0/A4vyHVsuIjTl4bXahx1Ex/lib/python3.12/site-packages/botocore/auth.py:424: DeprecationWarning: datetime.datetime.utcnow() is deprecated and scheduled for removal in a future version. Use timezone-aware objects to represent datetimes in UTC: datetime.datetime.now(datetime.UTC).
    datetime_now = datetime.datetime.utcnow()

-- Docs: https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/how-to/capture-warnings.html
==================================== PASSES ====================================
=========================== short test summary info ============================
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_aws_cli_binary_is_real
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_localstack_reachable
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_secret_exists_and_uses_customer_cmk
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_rotation_lambda_exists
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_role_policy_grants_kms_actions
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_lambda_permission_allows_secretsmanager_invoke
PASSED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_rotate_secret_advances_awscurrent
FAILED ../tests/test_outputs.py::test_kms_key_policy_grants_lambda_role - Ass...
=================== 1 failed, 7 passed, 14 warnings in 5.47s ===================

Reproduce this trial: git checkout 2f94510 && PYTHONPATH=src python3 scripts/build_site.py , then open trial/trial_e6ef7b5814bd4eb5. Re-running the agent live requires EVAL_PLATFORM_ENABLE_OAUTH_SMOKE=1 and is non-deterministic.

Trial trial_e6ef7b5814bd4eb5 · verifier authoritative; classifier explanatory.